CN107015157A - The lithium battery cycles left life-span online fast test method of fragment is risen based on constant current equipressure - Google Patents
The lithium battery cycles left life-span online fast test method of fragment is risen based on constant current equipressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107015157A CN107015157A CN201710213624.5A CN201710213624A CN107015157A CN 107015157 A CN107015157 A CN 107015157A CN 201710213624 A CN201710213624 A CN 201710213624A CN 107015157 A CN107015157 A CN 107015157A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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Abstract
The invention discloses the lithium battery cycles left life-span fast test method that fragment is risen based on constant current equipressure, it is divided into the offline equipressure that builds and rises two stages of the time span table of comparisons and on-line prediction cycles left life-span.Wherein constant-current charging phase unit pressure liter interval time length distribution function comes from the multigroup battery charge data gathered in laboratory.Constant-current charging phase equipressure is risen into time interval can intuitively reflect the degradation trend of battery capacity as cell health state index, so as to be predicted to the cycles left life-span.Appropriate voltage spaces divide the charge data fragment that battery is extracted during constant-current charge and voltage spaces are completely covered, so that it is guaranteed that precision of tabling look-up.The time interval risen using charging voltage be effectively reduced irrelevant variable as collative variables, it is necessary to online data amount it is few, and then realize lithium battery cycles left life-span online fast prediction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of to be risen based on constant-current charging phase equipressure
The lithium ion battery cycles left life-span online method for quick predicting of time interval.
Background technology
The advantages of lithium battery is based on its big lightweight, energy density and long service life is widely used in every field,
But lithium battery performance gradually fails and failed and may bring in serious consequence, practice process us can be with use
These are avoided to lose by remaining battery Cycle life prediction.Existing lithium battery cycles left life prediction mainly includes grain
Sub- filtering, the recurrence of Dempster-Shafer evidence theories, Bayes, recurrent neural network, nonlinear auto-companding, Gaussian process etc.
Method.The main thought of these methods be using off-line data set up lithium ion battery degenerative character amount (capacity, internal resistance etc.) with
The process model that number of recharge cycles is degenerated, is trained study, and then predict further according to the battery status data measured online
The cycles left life-span.But existing big by ectocine, algorithm is complicated, the problems such as poor real.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the lithium ion battery cycles left life-span based on the CCCV constant-current charge times is pre- online
Survey method, it can align battery (such as on-vehicle battery) in use and carry out cycles left life-span fast prediction, effectively improve
Lithium ion battery cycles left life prediction precision, improves the operation and maintenance efficiency of battery, extends the use time of battery, subtracts
The few burst failure risk of lithium ion battery in use.
A kind of lithium battery cycles left life estimation method, including the offline equipressure that builds rise the time span table of comparisons and online
Two stages of cycles left life-span are predicted, wherein：
The offline specific steps for building the isobaric liter time span table of comparisons stage include：(1) in laboratory conditions,
Lithium battery dump energy is vented, that is, is discharged to discharge cut-off voltage；(2) by the constant-current constant-voltage charging of lithium battery to it is full then
Constant-current discharge is to sky as a charge and discharge cycles, and the charge and discharge cycles that multiple homotype lithium ion batteries are carried out with the life-cycle are real
Test, obtain the data of constant-current charging phase of the lithium ion battery under each charge and discharge cycles；(3) lithium ion battery is filled in constant current
Voltage rises to the voltage range that maximum is undergone from minimum value in electric process, and the isobaric liter of setting quantity is divided at equal intervals
It is interval；(4) according to the data of constant-current charging of battery process, voltage is obtained with charging interval delta data, determines each battery each
Each isobaric interval time interval undergone of liter in charging cycle；(5) the type battery full longevity under given charging current is built
Isobaric rise of life records charge and discharge cycles number of times in the time span table of comparisons, table, and under each charge and discharge cycles number of times, it is each etc.
Pressure rises interval corresponding time interval；
The on-line prediction cycles left life-span specific steps include：(1) to lithium to be detected under actual working environment
The charging process of ion battery is monitored in real time, obtains the data of battery charging phase；(2) data to battery charging phase are carried out
Processing, obtains voltage first transition D and its corresponding time interval t that battery is undergone during constant-current charge0；(3) root
The interval column of isobaric liter matching in the table of comparisons is selected according to the voltage first transition D of constant-current charging phase, then
Determined and time interval t according to the isobaric each row parameter for rising interval column0The charge and discharge cycles number of times matched, is thereby determined that
The residual life of lithium battery.
Preferably, the isobaric liter time span table of comparisons stage is built offline, to each isobaric interval that rises according in experiment
The corresponding time interval ordered series of numbers of each charge and discharge cycles number of times of actual measurement, estimates its corresponding isobaric time interval for rising interval
The parameter for the probability distribution function obeyed, i.e. average and standard deviation；
In the on-line prediction cycles left lifetime stage, test was obtained between voltage first transition D and corresponding time
Every t0；When the isobaric liter interval that voltage first transition D is just covered in the table of comparisons, determine that the equipressure rises interval exist
Average under each number of recharge cyclesAnd standard deviationThen one of charge and discharge cycles number of times is found corresponding
AverageAnd standard deviationSo that likelihood functionMaximum is taken, then this charge and discharge cycles found
Number of times is cell health state charge and discharge cycles number N equivalent at present0。
Preferably, the isobaric liter time span table of comparisons stage is built offline, to each isobaric interval that rises according in experiment
The corresponding time interval ordered series of numbers of each charge and discharge cycles number of times of actual measurement, estimates its corresponding isobaric time interval for rising interval
The parameter for the probability distribution function obeyed, i.e. average and standard deviation；
In the on-line prediction cycles left lifetime stage, test was obtained between voltage first transition D and corresponding time
Every t0；When voltage first transition D contain in the table of comparisons described in more than one it is isobaric rise interval when, according to normal distribution can
Additivity, as the D voltage first transitions included distribution function by normal distribution add operation obtain D corresponding to averageAnd standard deviationWherein, the average under n-th circulationRise interval to be isobaric under the cycle-index that is included
Average sum, the standard deviation of n-th circulationFor isobaric square for rising interval standard deviation under the cycle-index that is included
The evolution of sum；The time interval length t obtained according to test0And calculate obtained averageAnd standard deviationSet up seemingly
Right functionUsing maximum likelihood method of discrimination, determine that cell health state discharge and recharge equivalent at present is followed
Number of rings N0, i.e.,：
Preferably, abscissa rises interval sequence number to be isobaric in the table of comparisons, table of comparisons ordinate is charge and discharge cycles
In number of times, the table of comparisons corresponding each row, column infall be it is given isobaric rise interval, given charge and discharge cycles number of times when, it is right
The pressure answered rises the parameter of time span distribution function.
Subtract this preferably, the cycles left life prediction result of the lithium ion battery is life-cycle nominal value N and equivalent follow
Number of rings N0, the predicted value of residual life is
Preferably, it is described set quantity it is isobaric rise interval as>100.
The present invention has the advantages that：
Method proposed by the invention, is to use the constant-current charging phase data in lithium battery CCCV charging processes, passes through
Calculate cell voltage and rise to the isobaric liter charging interval control of time structure that next magnitude of voltage is consumed from a magnitude of voltage
Table, then the cycles left life-span of battery under confidence degree is provided by Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method, and then estimate battery
SOH.The method more intuitively reflects the change of cell health state, the convenient prediction for carrying out remaining battery cycle life.This
Invention can improve the accuracy and confidence of lithium ion battery cycles left life-span on-line prediction, improve the real-time of on-line prediction
Property, reduce lithium battery application risk.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cycles left life-span online fast prediction flow chart of the invention.
Constant-current charge curve voltage rises interval division schematic diagram, [V during Fig. 2 is implemented for the present inventionk-1,Vk] risen for k-th of pressure
It is interval；Represent given isobaric liter interval [Vk-1,Vk] when, the n-th of i-th of battery1The pressure liter undergone in individual charging cycle experiment
Time；Represent given isobaric liter interval [Vk-1,Vk] when i-th of battery n-th2The pressure liter undergone in individual discharge cycle test
Time, V0For lower voltage limit, upper voltage limit is 4.2V.
Embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiments of the present invention are elaborated with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and table 1.The method that the present invention is used be with
Constant-current charging phase data slot rises the interval time span undergone to estimate electricity in specific voltage in battery charging process
The charge and discharge cycles number of times that pond has been carried out, and then estimate the cycles left life-span of battery.The specific embodiment of the invention is used
Following technical scheme.Its Forecasting Methodology includes offline construction two stages of the table of comparisons and on-line prediction cycles left life-span：
It is first stage, offline to build the isobaric liter time span table of comparisons.(1) in laboratory conditions by multiple homotype lithiums from
Sub- battery is adjusted the voltage of battery to lower voltage limit in the way of constant-current discharge, and discharge current is set to 1C；(2) battery is entered
Row life-cycle charge-discharge test, each charge and discharge cycles are entered by the way of constant-current constant-voltage charging to full and constant-current discharge to sky
OK, obtain constant-current charging phase voltage of the type lithium ion battery in the life-cycle under each charging cycle and change number with the charging interval
According to charging current I is set to 0.5C, and discharge current is set to 1C.(3) the constant-current charge voltage range section of battery according to grade
Every division methods, M isobaric liter interval (M >=100) is obtained, the voltage node of division is designated as V0,V1,V2,…,VM, wherein V0For
Lower voltage limit, VM=4.2V；(4) data changed according to the voltage of constant-current charge process record with the charging interval, determine the type
Each charging cycle of battery rises interval [V in given pressurek-1,Vk] time span that is consumed, it is designated asWherein subscript i tables
Show i-th of battery, subscript k represents that k-th of pressure rises interval (k=1,2 ..., M), and subscript n represents n-th of charge and discharge cycles (n=
1,2 ..., N).According toOrdered series of numbers can be evaluated whether its corresponding isobaric liter time interval variable Tk,nRandom distribution parameter (average
μk,nAnd standard deviation sigmak,n)；(5) interval time discontinuous variable T is risen according to each pressurek,nThe probability distribution function of obedience builds battery
Life-cycle equipressure liter time span distribution list, form abscissa rises interval sequence number (1~M) to be isobaric, and form ordinate is to fill
Corresponding each grid (ranks infall) is in given isobaric liter interval [V in discharge cycles number (1~N), formk-1,
Vk], constant-current charge electric current I and during charge and discharge cycles number n, the parameter that corresponding pressure rises the distribution function that time span is obeyed is equal
Value μk,nAnd standard deviation sigmak,n)。
The lithium ion battery life-cycle of table 1 equipressure rises time span distribution list
Second stage, on-line prediction cycles left life-span.Specific steps include：(1) according to lithium ion battery in actual work
Make to monitor obtained charging current data sequence and its corresponding charging voltage data sequence in real time under environment, extract constant-current charge
Stage current data and its corresponding voltage data；(2) constant-current charging phase data are handled, obtains constant-current charge process
The voltage of middle experience rises segment nodeAnd its time span t used0；(3) according to constant-current charging phase data
Pressure rises the interval respective column selected in the offline table of comparisons.Wherein, whenWhen just covering a voltage liter interval, then select
The fixed corresponding pressure in list that is classified as rises interval row；
WhenWhen containing multiple pressure liter intervals, then it can be included according to the additive property of normal distribution by it
Pressure rises interval distribution function and obtained by normal distribution add operationCorresponding Parameters of Normal Distribution (for example,ContainWithTwo intervals, the then pressure that the two minizones merge rises intervalThe Parameters of Normal Distribution estimated result of corresponding charging interval length is
I.e.N=1,2 ..., N；IfAcross three or more
Pressure rises interval, and Parameters of Normal Distribution estimation can be obtained using similar approach)；(4) the pressure liter interval time obtained according to testing is long
Spend t0, using maximum likelihood method of discrimination, determine cell health state charge and discharge cycles number N equivalent at present0, i.e. N0It is to make
Obtain likelihood functionPeriod n corresponding during maximum is got, wherein,For voltage
The likelihood function value of time interval random distribution is risen, the cycles left life prediction result of the lithium ion battery is nominal for the life-cycle
Value N subtracts equivalent alteration number N0。
The isobaric time interval data that rises proposed by the present invention is the characteristic index for characterizing lithium ion battery health degree, battery
Degree of aging is bigger, then undergoes shorter the time required to identical pressure rises.
It is proposed by the present invention that time span Distribution of A Sequence is risen based on constant-current charge curve equipressure liter interval division methods, structure pressure
The Forecasting Methodology of Table storehouse, builds the table of comparisons by the tracking to constant-current charging of battery curve, constant current need to be only extracted during application on site
The fragment data that charges carries out simple segment processing, and cycles left life prediction can be carried out by needing not move through training, can be in perseverance
Any one pressure rises segment and realizes cycles left life-span online fast prediction during current charge.
In summary, presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is these are only, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of lithium battery cycles left life estimation method, it is characterised in that build isobaric liter time span pair including offline
According to two stages of table and on-line prediction cycles left life-span, wherein：
The offline specific steps for building the isobaric liter time span table of comparisons stage include：(1) in laboratory conditions, by lithium
Battery dump energy is vented, that is, is discharged to discharge cut-off voltage；(2) by the constant-current constant-voltage charging of lithium battery to full and then constant current
Sky is discharged to as a charge and discharge cycles, the charge and discharge cycles that multiple homotype lithium ion batteries are carried out with the life-cycle are tested, obtained
Take the data of constant-current charging phase of the lithium ion battery under each charge and discharge cycles；(3) by lithium ion battery in constant-current charge mistake
Voltage rises to the voltage range that maximum is undergone from minimum value in journey, and the isobaric of setting quantity is divided at equal intervals and rises area
Between；(4) according to the data of constant-current charging of battery process, voltage is obtained with charging interval delta data, determines that each battery is respectively filling
Each isobaric interval time interval undergone of liter in electricity circulation；(5) type battery life-cycle under given charging current is built
Isobaric rise charge and discharge cycles number of times is recorded in the time span table of comparisons, table, and under each charge and discharge cycles number of times, each equipressure
Rise interval corresponding time interval；
The on-line prediction cycles left life-span specific steps include：(1) to lithium ion to be detected under actual working environment
The charging process of battery is monitored in real time, obtains the data of battery charging phase；(2) to the data of battery charging phase
Reason, obtains voltage first transition D and its corresponding time interval t that battery is undergone during constant-current charge0；(3) basis
The voltage first transition D of constant-current charging phase selects the interval column of isobaric liter matching in the table of comparisons, Ran Hougen
Determined and time interval t according to the isobaric each row parameter for rising interval column0The charge and discharge cycles number of times matched, thereby determines that lithium
The residual life of battery.
2. a kind of lithium battery cycles left life estimation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in offline structure etc.
Pressure rises the time span table of comparisons stage, to each isobaric interval that rises according to each charge and discharge cycles number of times pair actually measured in experiment
The time interval ordered series of numbers answered, estimates its corresponding isobaric parameter for rising the probability distribution function that interval time interval is obeyed,
That is average and standard deviation；
In the on-line prediction cycles left lifetime stage, test obtains voltage first transition D and corresponding time interval t0；
When the isobaric liter interval that voltage first transition D is just covered in the table of comparisons, determine that the equipressure rises interval at each
Average under number of recharge cyclesAnd standard deviationThen the corresponding average of one of charge and discharge cycles number of times is foundAnd standard deviationSo that likelihood functionMaximum is taken, then this charge and discharge cycles number of times found
As cell health state charge and discharge cycles number N equivalent at present0。
3. a kind of lithium battery cycles left life estimation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in offline structure etc.
Pressure rises the time span table of comparisons stage, to each isobaric interval that rises according to each charge and discharge cycles number of times pair actually measured in experiment
The time interval ordered series of numbers answered, estimates its corresponding isobaric parameter for rising the probability distribution function that interval time interval is obeyed,
That is average and standard deviation；
In the on-line prediction cycles left lifetime stage, test obtains voltage first transition D and corresponding time interval t0；
When the isobaric liter that voltage first transition D is contained in the table of comparisons described in more than one is interval, according to the additive property of normal distribution,
As the D voltage first transitions included distribution function by normal distribution add operation obtain D corresponding to averageWith
Standard deviationWherein, the average under n-th circulationFor under the cycle-index that is included it is isobaric rise interval average it
With the standard deviation of n-th circulationOpened for the isobaric quadratic sum for rising interval standard deviation under the cycle-index that is included
Side；The time interval length t obtained according to test0And calculate obtained averageAnd standard deviationSet up likelihood functionUsing maximum likelihood method of discrimination, cell health state charge and discharge cycles number equivalent at present is determined
N0, i.e.,：
4. a kind of lithium battery cycles left life estimation method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that the control
Abscissa rises interval sequence number to be isobaric in table, and table of comparisons ordinate is corresponding each in charge and discharge cycles number of times, the table of comparisons
Row, column infall is that corresponding pressure rises time span distribution function in given isobaric liter interval, given charge and discharge cycles number of times
Parameter.
5. a kind of lithium battery cycles left life estimation method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that the lithium ion
The cycles left life prediction result of battery is that life-cycle nominal value N subtracts equivalent alteration number N0, the predicted value of residual life
For
6. a kind of lithium battery cycles left life estimation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the setting quantity
The isobaric interval that rises be>100.
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Denomination of invention: On line rapid test method for residual cycle life of lithium battery based on constant current and equal pressure rise segment Effective date of registration: 20211008 Granted publication date: 20190416 Pledgee: Bank of Changsha Co.,Ltd. Yinde sub branch Pledgor: Hunan ginkgo Battery Intelligent Management Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021980010283 |