CN107014775A - Based on optical water body concentration field measurement method - Google Patents

Based on optical water body concentration field measurement method Download PDF

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CN107014775A
CN107014775A CN201710120000.9A CN201710120000A CN107014775A CN 107014775 A CN107014775 A CN 107014775A CN 201710120000 A CN201710120000 A CN 201710120000A CN 107014775 A CN107014775 A CN 107014775A
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water body
side wall
water tank
concentration
measurement method
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CN107014775B (en
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罗朝林
林俊
陈若舟
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Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute of PRWRC
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length

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Abstract

本发明涉及水体浓度场测量方法的技术领域，公开了基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法，包括以下步骤：1)、率定标准浓度折射表；2)、将待测量的水体置于透明的水箱中，水箱的照射侧壁上设有纵向延伸布置的格栅板，格栅板形成有多个纵向间隔布置平行布置的水平格栅缝隙，相邻的水平格栅缝隙之间形成水平遮光板；3)、利用平行光源发出的平行光线照射照射侧壁；利用摄像机拍摄所述水箱的拍摄侧壁，形成分析图像；4)、对分析图像进行图像处理以及投影直线拟合，计算穿过所述水平格栅缝隙中的平行光线的折射率：5)、对应标准浓度折射表，得到对应水体浓度的分层测量，进而求取整个水体浓度场的测量。

The invention relates to the technical field of water body concentration field measurement methods, and discloses an optics-based water body concentration field measurement method, comprising the following steps: 1), calibrating a standard concentration refraction table; 2), placing the water body to be measured in a transparent water tank wherein, the irradiated side wall of the water tank is provided with a longitudinally extending grating plate, and the grating plate is formed with a plurality of horizontal grating slits arranged in parallel at longitudinal intervals, and a horizontal shading plate is formed between adjacent horizontal grating slits; 3), using the parallel light emitted by the parallel light source to irradiate the side wall; using the camera to shoot the shooting side wall of the water tank to form an analysis image; 4), performing image processing and projection straight line fitting on the analysis image, and calculating the Refractive index of parallel rays in the horizontal grid gap: 5), corresponding to the standard concentration refraction table, obtains the layered measurement of the corresponding water body concentration, and then obtains the measurement of the entire water body concentration field.

Description

基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法Measuring Method of Water Body Concentration Field Based on Optics

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及水体浓度场测量方法的技术领域，尤其涉及基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法。The invention relates to the technical field of water body concentration field measurement methods, in particular to an optical-based water body concentration field measurement method.

背景技术Background technique

研究环境污染问题，人们最关心的是污染物在空间的分布，水体中污染物浓度场是衡量水体被污染程度的重要指标，或者，在运用物理模型的方法进行水力学和水生态等科学研究时，测量水体中物质的浓度及分布至关重要，因此，水体浓度场测量方法成为当前环境工作者研究的热点之一。In the study of environmental pollution, people are most concerned about the distribution of pollutants in space. The concentration field of pollutants in water bodies is an important indicator to measure the degree of water pollution. Or, when using physical models to conduct scientific research on hydraulics and water ecology, etc. When it is time, it is very important to measure the concentration and distribution of substances in the water body. Therefore, the measurement method of the concentration field of the water body has become one of the research hotspots of environmental workers.

现有技术中，仍缺乏测量水体浓度场的有效手段，传统的单点测量方法则容易影响流态，且较难实现水体浓度场的测量。In the prior art, there is still a lack of effective means for measuring the concentration field of water body, and the traditional single-point measurement method is easy to affect the flow state, and it is difficult to realize the measurement of the concentration field of water body.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法，旨在解决现有技术中难以实现对水体浓度场测量方法的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical-based water body concentration field measurement method, aiming at solving the problem that it is difficult to realize the water body concentration field measurement method in the prior art.

本发明是这样实现的，基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention is achieved like this, based on the optical water body concentration field measurement method, comprises the following steps:

1)、率定标准浓度折射表；1) Calibrate the standard concentration refraction table;

2)、将待测量的水体置于透明的水箱中，所述水箱的一透明侧壁形成照射侧壁，所述水箱的另一透明侧壁形成拍摄侧壁，在所述水箱的照射侧壁上设有沿所述水箱纵向延伸布置的格栅板，所述格栅板形成有多个沿所述水箱纵向间隔布置平行布置的水平格栅缝隙，且相邻的所述水平格栅缝隙之间形成水平遮光板；2), the water body to be measured is placed in a transparent water tank, one transparent side wall of the water tank forms the irradiation side wall, the other transparent side wall of the water tank forms the shooting side wall, and the irradiation side wall of the water tank There is a grid plate arranged along the longitudinal extension of the water tank, and the grid plate is formed with a plurality of horizontal grid slits arranged in parallel at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the water tank, and one of the adjacent horizontal grid slits form a horizontal visor;

3)、在所述水箱的照射侧壁外利用平行光源发出的平行光线照射所述水箱的照射侧壁，平行光线穿过多个所述水平格栅缝隙以及水体，照射至所述水箱的拍摄侧壁；在所述水箱的拍摄侧壁外布置摄像机，利用摄像机拍摄所述水箱的拍摄侧壁，形成分析图像；3) Outside the irradiated side wall of the water tank, the parallel light emitted by the parallel light source is used to irradiate the irradiated side wall of the water tank, and the parallel light passes through a plurality of the horizontal grid gaps and the water body, and irradiates the shooting of the water tank. Side wall; a camera is arranged outside the shooting side wall of the water tank, and the camera is used to shoot the shooting side wall of the water tank to form an analysis image;

4)、对分析图像进行图像处理以及投影直线拟合，并根据以下公式计算穿过所述水平格栅缝隙中的平行光线的折射率：4), image processing and projection straight line fitting are performed on the analysis image, and the refractive index of the parallel rays passing through the horizontal grid gap is calculated according to the following formula:

其中，ΔH是透过所述水平格栅缝隙的平行光线在纵向的偏移量，width是所述的宽度；Wherein, ΔH is the offset in the longitudinal direction of the parallel rays passing through the horizontal grid gap, and width is the width;

5)、根据步骤4)计算出来的折射率，对应步骤1)中的标准浓度折射表，得到对应水体浓度的分层测量，进而求取整个水体浓度场的测量。5), according to the refractive index calculated in step 4), corresponding to the standard concentration refraction table in step 1), the layered measurement of the corresponding water body concentration is obtained, and then the measurement of the entire water body concentration field is obtained.

进一步地，在所述步骤1)中，通过配置多种标准浓度溶液，对多种所述标准浓度溶液进行浓度折射率率定，再进行曲线拟合，得到浓度折射率曲线，进而得到标准浓度折射率表。Further, in the step 1), by configuring a variety of standard concentration solutions, the concentration refractive index of the various standard concentration solutions is determined, and then curve fitting is performed to obtain the concentration refractive index curve, and then the standard concentration Refractive Index Table.

进一步地，在所述水箱的照射侧壁外依序纵向布置多个所述水平光源。Further, a plurality of the horizontal light sources are longitudinally arranged in sequence outside the illuminated side wall of the water tank.

进一步地，多个所述水平光源依序与多个所述水平格栅缝隙正对齐布置。Further, the plurality of horizontal light sources are arranged in alignment with the plurality of horizontal grid slits in sequence.

进一步地，所述摄像机位于所述水箱的拍摄侧壁的上方，且朝外偏离所述水箱的拍摄侧壁布置。Further, the camera is located above the shooting side wall of the water tank, and is arranged outwardly away from the shooting side wall of the water tank.

进一步地，在所述步骤4)中，对所述摄像机拍摄的分析图像进行图像处理包括依序对所述分析图像进行图像去噪、图像二值化以及图像Hough变换。Further, in the step 4), performing image processing on the analysis image captured by the camera includes sequentially performing image denoising, image binarization and image Hough transformation on the analysis image.

进一步地，经过图像处理后的分析图像再进行投影直线拟合。Further, the analyzed image after image processing is subjected to projection straight line fitting.

与现有技术相比，本发明提供的水体浓度场测量方法是基于光学反应，通过预先率定标准浓度折射表，通过平行光源发处的平行光线照射在照射侧壁的多个水平格栅缝隙中，多个穿过水平格栅缝隙的平行光线在穿过水体中发生折射，再利用摄像机拍摄平行光线在拍摄侧壁形成的图像，形成分析图像，利用对分析图像处理，计算出平行光线的折射率，进而利用与标准浓度折射表对比，得到水体的分层浓度，进而可以得到水体浓度场。Compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the concentration field of the water body provided by the present invention is based on the optical reaction, and the standard concentration refraction table is calibrated in advance, and the parallel light from the parallel light source is irradiated on the multiple horizontal grid gaps on the illuminated side wall In the process, multiple parallel rays passing through the gaps of the horizontal grid are refracted in the water body, and then the camera is used to capture the image formed by the parallel rays on the side wall to form an analysis image, and the analysis image is used to calculate the parallel rays. Refractive index, and then compared with the standard concentration refraction table, the stratified concentration of the water body can be obtained, and then the concentration field of the water body can be obtained.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例提供的基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法的标准浓度折射表率定流程；Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the standard concentration refraction index determination based on the optical water body concentration field measurement method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例提供的基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法的测量流程；Fig. 2 is the measurement process of the optical-based water body concentration field measurement method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

图3是本发明实施例提供的基于光学的水体浓度场测量结构的简易示意图。Fig. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of an optical-based water body concentration field measurement structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

以下结合具体附图对本发明的实现进行详细的描述。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific drawings.

参照图1～3所示，为本发明提供的较佳实施例。Referring to Fig. 1-3, it is a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention.

本实施例提供的基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法，用于对各种水体的浓度场进行测量，例如可以是被污染物污染的水体，也可以是其他一些加入特定物质的水体等等，不仅限制于某种运用的水体。The optical-based water body concentration field measurement method provided in this embodiment is used to measure the concentration field of various water bodies, for example, it can be water bodies polluted by pollutants, or other water bodies added with specific substances, etc., not only A body of water limited to a certain use.

基于光学的水体浓度场测量方法，具体如下步骤：The method for measuring the concentration field of water body based on optics, the specific steps are as follows:

1)、参照图1所示，率定标准浓度折射表；1), with reference to shown in Figure 1, calibration standard concentration refraction table;

2)、参照图3所示，将待测量的水体置于透明的水箱11中，水箱11的一透明侧壁形成照射侧壁，水箱11的另一透明侧壁形成拍摄侧壁111，在水箱11的照射侧壁上设有沿水箱11纵向延伸布置的格栅板，该格栅板形成有多个沿水箱11纵向间隔布置平行布置的水平格栅缝隙113，且水平格栅缝隙113之间形成水平遮光板112；当然，水平格栅缝隙113可以供光线穿过，在水平遮光板112的遮挡下，光线则不能穿过水平遮光板112。2), with reference to shown in Figure 3, the water body to be measured is placed in the transparent water tank 11, a transparent side wall of the water tank 11 forms the irradiation side wall, and the other transparent side wall of the water tank 11 forms the photographing side wall 111, in the water tank The irradiated side wall of the water tank 11 is provided with a grid plate extending longitudinally along the water tank 11, and the grid plate is formed with a plurality of horizontal grid slits 113 arranged in parallel at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the water tank 11, and between the horizontal grid slits 113 A horizontal shading plate 112 is formed; of course, the horizontal grille slit 113 can allow light to pass through, and under the shielding of the horizontal shading plate 112 , the light cannot pass through the horizontal shading plate 112 .

3)、参照图3所示，在水箱11的照射侧壁外利用平行光源13发出的平行光线照射透明水箱11的照射侧壁，平行光线穿过照射侧壁的多个水平格栅缝隙113，且由于不同浓度的水体对光线的折射率不同，这样，穿过多个水平格栅缝隙113中的光线的折射则对应不同；在水箱11的拍摄侧壁111外布置摄像机12，利用摄像机12拍摄水箱11的透明的拍摄侧壁111，形成分析图像；3), as shown in FIG. 3 , outside the irradiated side wall of the water tank 11, the parallel light emitted by the parallel light source 13 is used to irradiate the irradiated side wall of the transparent water tank 11, and the parallel light passes through a plurality of horizontal grid gaps 113 on the irradiated side wall, And because water bodies of different concentrations have different refractive indices to light, like this, the refraction of light passing through a plurality of horizontal grille slits 113 is then correspondingly different; The transparent photographing side wall 111 of the water tank 11 forms an analysis image;

4)、对分析图像进行图像处理以及投影直线拟合，并根据以下公式计算照射在水平格栅缝隙113中的平行光线的折射率：4), image processing and projection straight line fitting are performed on the analysis image, and the refractive index of the parallel light irradiated in the horizontal grid gap 113 is calculated according to the following formula:

其中，ΔH是透过水平格栅缝隙113的平行光线在纵向的偏移量，width是指水箱11的宽度；Wherein, ΔH is the offset in the longitudinal direction of the parallel light passing through the horizontal grid gap 113, and width refers to the width of the water tank 11;

5)、根据步骤4)计算出来的折射率，对应步骤1)中的标准浓度折射表，则可以得到对应水体浓度的分层测量，进而可以求取整个水体浓度场的测量。5), according to the refractive index calculated in step 4), corresponding to the standard concentration refraction table in step 1), the layered measurement of the corresponding water body concentration can be obtained, and then the measurement of the entire water body concentration field can be obtained.

上述提供的水体浓度场测量方法是基于光学反应，通过预先率定标准浓度折射表，通过平行光源13发处的平行光线照射在照射侧壁的多个水平格栅缝隙113中，多个穿过水平格栅缝隙113的平行光线在穿过水体中发生折射，再利用摄像机12拍摄平行光线在拍摄侧壁111形成的图像，形成分析图像，利用对分析图像处理，计算出平行光线的折射率，进而利用与标准浓度折射表对比，得到水体的分层浓度，进而可以得到水体浓度场。The method for measuring the concentration field of the water body provided above is based on optical reactions. By pre-calibrating the standard concentration refraction table, the parallel light rays emitted by the parallel light source 13 are irradiated in a plurality of horizontal grid gaps 113 on the side wall, and a plurality of them pass through The parallel rays of light through the horizontal grid gap 113 are refracted in the water body, and then the camera 12 is used to capture the image formed by the parallel rays on the side wall 111 to form an analysis image, and the refractive index of the parallel rays is calculated by processing the analysis image. Then, by comparing with the standard concentration refraction table, the stratified concentration of the water body can be obtained, and then the concentration field of the water body can be obtained.

在上述步骤1)中，通过配置多种标准浓度溶液，对各种标准浓度溶液进行浓度折射率率定，再进行曲线拟合，得到浓度折射率曲线，进而得到标准浓度折射率表。In the above step 1), by configuring a variety of standard concentration solutions, the concentration refractive index of each standard concentration solution is determined, and then curve fitting is performed to obtain a concentration refractive index curve, and then a standard concentration refractive index table.

在步骤2)中，根据实际需要，可以适当调节水平格栅缝隙113以及水平遮光板112的宽度，进而针对实际需要测量水体的需要，进行水体浓度测量。一般情况下，可以选择1mm宽的水平格栅缝隙113以及5mm的水平遮光板112，目的是使平行光线从水平格栅缝隙113中穿过，而不穿过水平遮光板112。In step 2), according to actual needs, the width of the horizontal grille gap 113 and the horizontal shading plate 112 can be appropriately adjusted, and then the concentration of the water body can be measured according to the actual needs of measuring the water body. Generally, a 1 mm wide horizontal grille slit 113 and a 5 mm horizontal shading plate 112 can be selected, in order to allow parallel light to pass through the horizontal grille slit 113 instead of the horizontal shading plate 112 .

在步骤3)中，利用多个依序纵向布置的平行光源13，形成面光源，该面光源发出呈纵向布置的平行光线，进而可以实现对应每个水平格栅缝隙113，都有平行光线穿过。In step 3), a surface light source is formed by using a plurality of parallel light sources 13 arranged longitudinally in sequence. Pass.

具体地，多个平行光源13依序与多个水平格栅缝隙113正对齐布置，这样，保证平行光线可以准确穿过水平格栅缝隙113。Specifically, multiple parallel light sources 13 are aligned with multiple horizontal grid slits 113 in sequence, so as to ensure that parallel light rays can accurately pass through the horizontal grid slits 113 .

另外，当需要对流动以及较长距离的水体进行浓度测量时，则可以通过多个水箱11依序横向连接的方式。In addition, when it is necessary to measure the concentration of flowing and long-distance water bodies, multiple water tanks 11 can be sequentially connected horizontally.

在步骤3)中，摄像机12处于水箱11的拍摄侧壁111的上方，且朝外偏离水箱11的拍摄侧壁111，这样，摄像机12朝下倾斜拍摄水箱11的拍摄侧壁111。In step 3), the camera 12 is above the shooting side wall 111 of the water tank 11, and deviates outward from the shooting side wall 111 of the water tank 11, so that the camera 12 tilts downward to shoot the shooting side wall 111 of the water tank 11.

本实施例中，在步骤4)中，对摄像机12拍摄的分析图像进行图像处理包括依序对分析图像进行图像去噪、图像二值化以及图像Hough变换，经过图像处理后的分析图像再进行投影直线拟合。In this embodiment, in step 4), performing image processing on the analysis image captured by the camera 12 includes performing image denoising, image binarization, and image Hough transformation on the analysis image in sequence, and performing image processing on the analysis image after image processing. Projected straight line fit.

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (7)

1. based on optical water body concentration field measurement method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1), calibration normal concentration refraction table；
2), water body to be measured is placed in transparent water tank, the transparent side wall formation irradiation side wall of the water tank, the water Another transparent side wall formation of case shoots side wall, is provided with along the water tank Longitudinal extending and arranges on the irradiation side wall of the water tank Flase floor, the flase floor be formed with it is multiple along the water tank it is longitudinally spaced arrangement parallel arrangement horizontal grate gaps, and Level shadow plate is formed between the adjacent horizontal grate gap；
3), the parallel rays sent outside the irradiation side wall of the water tank using source of parallel light irradiates the irradiation side of the water tank Wall, parallel rays passes through multiple horizontal grate gaps and water body, exposes to the shooting side wall of the water tank；In the water Video camera is arranged outside the shooting side wall of case, the shooting side wall of the water tank is shot using video camera, analysis image is formed；
4) image procossing, is carried out to analysis image and projection straight line is fitted, and the level is calculated through according to below equation The refractive index of parallel rays in grid gap：
Wherein, Δ H be through the horizontal grate gap parallel rays longitudinal direction offset, width is described width；
5), according to step 4) refractive index calculated, correspondence step 1) in normal concentration refraction table, obtain correspondence water body dense The layering measurement of degree, and then ask for the measurement of whole water body concentration field.
2. optical water body concentration field measurement method is based on as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 1) In, by configuring multiple standards strength solution, concentration refractive index calibration, then march are carried out to a variety of normal concentration solution Line is fitted, and obtains concentration refractive index curve, and then obtain normal concentration refractive index table.
3. optical water body concentration field measurement method is based on as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the photograph of the water tank Penetrate outside the wall of side and be sequentially longitudinally arranged multiple horizontal light sources.
4. optical water body concentration field measurement method is based on as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that multiple horizon lights Source sequentially with multiple positive alignments in horizontal grate gap.
5. as claimed in claim 1 be based on optical water body concentration field measurement method, it is characterised in that the position for video camera in The top of the shooting side wall of the water tank, and deviate the shooting side wall cloth of the water tank outwardly and put.
6. as described in any one of claim 1 to 5 based on optical water body concentration field measurement method, it is characterised in that in institute State step 4) in, image procossing is carried out to the analysis image that the video camera is shot to be included sequentially scheming the analysis image As denoising, image binaryzation and image Hough transform.
7. optical water body concentration field measurement method is based on as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that after image procossing Analysis image carry out projection straight line fitting again.
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