CN107013933B - Method and system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of tubular air preheater - Google Patents
Method and system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of tubular air preheater Download PDFInfo
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- CN107013933B CN107013933B CN201710374505.8A CN201710374505A CN107013933B CN 107013933 B CN107013933 B CN 107013933B CN 201710374505 A CN201710374505 A CN 201710374505A CN 107013933 B CN107013933 B CN 107013933B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for preventing low-temperature condensation and ash blockage of a tubular air preheater. The method for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of the tubular air preheater is characterized in that at least four independent heat exchange units are connected in parallel to form the tubular air preheater, air of each heat exchange unit is not subjected to flow channeling, the cold air quantity of each heat exchange unit can be adjusted on line, and when the cold air quantity in one heat exchange unit is adjusted, the temperature of flue gas in the heat exchange unit and the temperature of flue gas at an outlet of the heat exchange unit are increased, so that condensation of the heat exchange unit is gasified, and fly ash adhered to the heat exchange unit becomes loose at high temperature. The invention can improve the corresponding exhaust gas temperature by changing the smoke-air ratio of each group of heat exchange units in turn, gasify the condensation on the wall surface of the heat exchange tube of the tubular air preheater, thereby avoiding the problems of corrosion, ash blockage and the like, prolonging the service life, improving the heat exchange efficiency, reducing the flow resistance and reducing the power consumption of the fan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of a tubular air preheater, belonging to the technical field of air preheaters.
Background
The tubular air preheater is a common dividing wall type heat exchange device at the tail part of a flue of a small and medium-sized coal, fuel and gas fired boiler, generally consists of a plurality of heat exchange tube boxes and corresponding air flues, and each heat exchange tube box consists of a plurality of heat exchange tubes and tube plates at two ends of the heat exchange tube box; the heat of the boiler flue gas is used for heating air required by combustion of the hearth, so that the efficiency of the boiler is improved.
The tubular air preheater recovers heat in the flue gas, so that the temperature of the flue gas is continuously reduced along the flow direction, and in the process, partial components in the flue gas are possibly converted from a gas state into a liquid state or a solid state and are adhered to the wall surface of a heat exchange tube of the air preheater together with fly ash in the flue gas, thereby affecting heat transfer efficiency, reducing boiler efficiency, reducing the flow cross section of the flue gas, causing resistance of a flue gas system and power consumption rise of an induced draft fan, and even causing furnace shutdown accidents in severe cases.
The tubular air preheater is divided into a vertical type and a horizontal type according to the arrangement type of the heat exchange tubes, wherein the vertical type is widely applied to small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers, and the horizontal type is commonly applied to oil-fired and gas-fired boilers (a part of coal-fired circulating fluidized bed boilers also adopt a horizontal structure).
The typical vertical air preheater applied to small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers is provided with air by two air feeders, and is symmetrically arranged and generally divided into a high-temperature air preheater and a low-temperature air preheater, wherein the high-temperature air preheater is arranged in front of a low-temperature economizer, and the low-temperature air preheater is arranged behind the low-temperature economizer. And the hot air flows out from the middle part and then enters the heat exchange tube box at the middle temperature section, the two strokes are designed, the two sides are communicated by adopting an external air box, and the hot air finally flows out from the middle part of the upper part of the low-temperature air preheater.
The smoke of the vertical air preheater circulates from the inside of the pipe, and the air absorbs heat from the outside of the pipe, so that the arrangement mode is applied to the coal-fired boiler and is beneficial to reducing the dust deposition tendency; however, the problem of ash deposition of the tubular air preheater is still very common, and is particularly common in coal-fired boilers, and the reason is related to sulfur contained in the coal on one hand and denitration facilities equipped in the boilers on the other hand.
The sulfur content of the coal after combustion is partially converted to sulfur trioxide (SO) 3 ) With water vapor (H) in flue gas 2 O) reaction to generate sulfuric acid vapor (H) 2 SO 4 ) When the temperature of the flue gas in the air preheater is lower than the acid dew point (generally 95-160 ℃, and SO in the flue gas) 3 Concentration is closely related) the sulfuric acid vapor will condense and attach to the heat exchange tube walls along with the fly ash.
In order to reduce the emission of NOx, boilers are commonly equipped with denitration equipment, and a technical route of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) or selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) or combination of SCR and SNCR is generally adopted, but no matter which technical route is adopted, a reducing agent (liquid ammonia, urea or ammonia water) needs to be sprayed into flue gas upstream of an air preheater, and the reducing agent and NOx do not completely react, so that ammonia (NH) in a denitration system is generated 3 ) Occurrence of slip, slipped NH 3 With SO in flue gas 3 To form ammonium hydrogen sulfate (NH) 4 HSO 4 ) The by-product is molten at 146-207 deg.c and easy to adhere to the wall of the heat exchange pipe of air preheater together with flyash.
In addition, the catalyst used in SCR can make sulfur dioxide (SO) in flue gas 2 ) Further oxidation to form SO 3 Thereby increasing the acid dew point temperatureAnd more NH is generated 4 HSO 4 The problem of ash blockage of the air preheater becomes more serious.
Mechanistically, air preheater ash plugging is mainly caused by low temperature dew adhering fly ash. In oil and gas fired boilers, horizontal air preheaters are allowed to be used because of the minimal amount of dust in the flue gas, the flue gas flows through the outside of the tubes, and the air flows through the inside of the tubes. However, the horizontal air preheater also faces the problem of low-temperature condensation, which affects the heat transfer efficiency on one hand and causes the heat exchange tube to be corroded quickly due to condensation on the other hand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for preventing low-temperature condensation and ash blockage of a tubular air preheater, aiming at solving the problems of low-temperature condensation and ash blockage of the tubular air preheater in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of a tubular air preheater is characterized in that at least four independent heat exchange units are connected in parallel to form the tubular air preheater, air of each heat exchange unit is not subjected to channeling, the cold air quantity of each heat exchange unit can be adjusted on line, and when the cold air quantity in one heat exchange unit is adjusted, the temperature of smoke inside and at the outlet of the heat exchange unit rises, so that condensation of the heat exchange unit is gasified, and fly ash adhered to the heat exchange unit becomes loose at high temperature.
In order to prevent the low-temperature dewing and dust deposition of the tubular air preheater and ensure the continuous supply of hot air required by combustion of the hearth, the cold air quantity of each group of heat exchange units is reduced in turn, and the cold air quantity of only one group of heat exchange units is reduced at most at any moment; when the amount of cold air in one group of heat exchange units is adjusted to be small, the amount of cold air in other heat exchange units is increased, so that the total amount of air fed into the hearth is unchanged.
The fact that the total air quantity sent into the hearth is unchanged means that after the cold air quantity of the single-group heat exchange units is reduced, air required by combustion of the hearth is made up by other heat exchange units, and the fact that the total air quantity sent into the hearth is changed only along with the change of boiler output is guaranteed; i.e. the total amount of air fed to the furnace is not absolutely constant, but is not changed by the solution according to the invention.
The degree of turning down of the cold air volume of each group of heat exchange units can be determined according to the actual situation on site, and the purpose is to gasify condensation and prevent ash blockage by improving the temperature of the flue gas in the heat exchange pipe.
The low-temperature condensation prevention means that condensation is prevented from being attached to the wall surface of the heat exchange tube for a long time, the condensation still exists intermittently after the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, but the condensation is gasified by adopting high-temperature flue gas after a period of time, so that the aim of preventing ash blockage is fulfilled.
In order to improve the low-temperature condensation and ash blocking prevention capacity of the tubular air preheater, the cold air amount of each group of heat exchange units is preferably reduced in a mode of isolating the air inlets of each group of heat exchange units in turn. By adopting the method, when the isolation is tight, the isolated heat exchange unit has no air circulation, namely almost does not absorb heat from the smoke side, thereby improving the smoke temperature to the maximum extent, ensuring that the smoke temperature in the heat exchange pipe is always at a higher value and achieving better effects of preventing low-temperature condensation and ash blockage.
By adopting the method, the smoke-air ratio of the single heat exchange unit is increased, the smoke exhaust temperature is increased, the condensation of the heat exchange unit is gasified, and the adhered fly ash becomes loose at high temperature; the exhaust gas temperature of each group of heat exchange units is increased in turn, so that low-temperature dewing and dust deposition of the tubular air preheater are avoided, and hot air required by boiler combustion can be continuously provided.
The smoke-air ratio refers to the mass ratio of the smoke flow to the air flow of each group of heat exchange units.
A system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of a tubular air preheater comprises an air preheater heat exchange tube box and a partition plate, wherein the partition plate is arranged on the air side of the air preheater heat exchange tube box and separates the air preheater heat exchange tube boxes to form at least four independent heat exchange units, and all the heat exchange units are connected in parallel; and the cold air inlet of each group of heat exchange units is provided with an air damper and a driving device for driving the air damper to open and close.
The driving device drives the air blocking doors to be opened and closed, the amount of cold air of each group of heat exchange units is controlled, and the purposes of avoiding condensation and ash blockage are achieved.
In order to prevent the low-temperature dewing and dust deposition of the tubular air preheater and ensure the stability of continuous hot air supply required by the hearth, 4-12 groups of independent heat exchange units are formed by separating through a partition plate.
More preferably, 8 groups of independent heat exchange units are formed by the partition plates in a separating way.
In order to realize automatic control, the system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of the tubular air preheater further comprises an automatic control system, and the automatic control system is connected with the driving device and controls the working state of the driving device.
The applicant finds that the method and the system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of the tubular air preheater can improve the exhaust gas temperature of the single-group heat exchange unit to be higher than the dew point temperature of the flue gas, so that the long-term dewing on the wall surface of the heat exchange pipe is avoided, and the ash accumulated in the heat exchange unit becomes loose and is taken away along with the flue gas. Because only improve local exhaust gas temperature, average exhaust gas temperature rise range is less, and the accessible increases the initial heat transfer ability of heat exchange tube and compensaties, consequently can not produce adverse effect to the economy of boiler and safe operation.
The system does not need to be operated continuously, and generally operates regularly every day; the device can also be put into operation as required, when the tubular air preheater has the low-temperature dewing or ash blockage symptoms, the exhaust gas temperature of each group of heat exchange units is raised in turn, and the dewing and the ash deposition of the tubular air preheater can be removed on line.
When tubular air heater provided the required air of burning by two forced draught blowers, for the heat that improves air supply system's reliability and furthest retrieved the afterbody flue gas, above-mentioned tubular air heater prevents that the system of low temperature dewfall and stifled ash still includes the flow balance pipe between two forced draught blower exports, the mouth of pipe at flow balance pipe both ends all is in the upper reaches of above-mentioned air door that keeps off. Two ends of the flow balance pipe are respectively communicated with the outlets of the two fans.
After the flow balance pipes are arranged, once one of the air blowers stops running due to failure, the other air blower can improve the output as much as possible and provide cold air for the heat exchange unit at the failure side through the flow balance pipes; when the system is put into use, the amount of cold air of a certain heat exchange unit is reduced, and the flow balance pipe is also required to balance the amount of cold air entering other heat exchange units, so that the heat exchange effect of the air preheater is improved to the maximum extent.
In order to obtain better effects of preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking, the single-group heat exchange unit is formed by connecting at least two air preheater heat exchange tube boxes in series and at least comprises a last-stage heat exchange tube box, and the range separated by the partition plate is expanded from the last-stage heat exchange tube box to the heat exchange tube box with higher flue gas temperature until the inlet flue gas temperature of the independent heat exchange unit is higher than the dew point temperature of the flue gas.
For the tubular air preheater applied to the common middle and small size coal-fired boiler at present, the low-temperature air preheater comprises a low-temperature section heat exchange tube box and a medium-temperature section heat exchange tube box, the temperature of the inlet flue gas of the low-temperature section heat exchange tube box is generally lower than 200 ℃, namely lower than the dew point temperature of ammonium bisulfate in the flue gas, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the separation range of the partition plate is expanded to the medium-temperature section heat exchange tube box, the temperature of the inlet flue gas reaches about 250 ℃, and the ammonium bisulfate can be ensured to be converted into a gaseous state at the temperature level.
The prior art is referred to in the art for techniques not mentioned in the present invention.
The method and the system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of the tubular air preheater have the following beneficial effects: the smoke-air ratio of each group of heat exchange units is changed in turn, so that the corresponding smoke exhaust temperature is improved, and condensation on the wall surface of a heat exchange pipe of the tubular air preheater is gasified, so that the problems of corrosion, ash blockage and the like are avoided, the service life is prolonged, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the flow resistance is reduced, and the power consumption of a fan is reduced; the tubular air preheater adopting the technology of the invention has the functions of on-line low-temperature dewing prevention and ash blockage prevention, so the design smoke exhaust temperature can be lower than the smoke dew point, thereby obviously improving the safety and the economical efficiency of the boiler operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a field installation layout of a typical tubular air preheater.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the air flow direction of a three-stroke structure of a low-temperature air preheater of a small and medium-sized coal-fired boiler.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vertical tubular air preheater according to the prior art.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vertical tubular air preheater according to example 1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal tubular air preheater according to the prior art.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a horizontal type tubular air preheater according to example 2.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a tubular air preheater including flow balance tubes according to example 3.
In the figure, 1 is a blower, 2 is a cold air inlet, 3 is a hot air outlet, 4 is a heat exchange unit, 5 is a partition plate, 6 is a damper, 7 is a driving device, 8 is a low-temperature section heat exchange pipe box, 9 is a medium-temperature section heat exchange pipe box, and 10 is a flow balance pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A50 MW coal-fired boiler is provided with a vertical tubular air preheater, two air blowers are used for providing air, the air blowers are symmetrically arranged, and cold air enters from two sides and hot air exits from the middle of the boiler respectively.
The tubular air preheater is characterized in that each air preheater heat exchange tube box is separated by a partition plate arranged on the air side of the air preheater heat exchange tube box to form 8 groups of independent heat exchange units, and all the heat exchange units are connected in parallel; and a cold air inlet of each group of heat exchange units is provided with an air damper and a driving device for driving the air damper to open and close.
During actual operation, the air blocking doors of the cold air inlets of each group of heat exchange units are closed for 0.5 hour in turn, the heat exchange units are continuously operated for 4 hours at regular time every day, the exhaust gas temperature of each heat exchange unit is increased in turn (the air inlets of each group of heat exchange units are isolated in turn, and when the cold air amount of one heat exchange unit is reduced to be isolated (under the isolated state, the condition of air leakage is not eliminated), the cold air amounts of other heat exchange units are increased along with the cold air amount, so that the total air amount sent into a hearth is unchanged), the dewing and the dust deposition of the tubular air preheater are removed on line, the low-temperature dewing and the dust deposition of the tubular air preheater are avoided, and the hot air required by boiler combustion can be continuously provided.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the flue gas temperature inside the heat exchange unit and at the outlet of the isolated air is above 220 ℃, the average exhaust gas temperature is temporarily increased by about 8 ℃, but the actual exhaust gas loss increase is very small due to the short operation time every day (4 hours of operation every 24 hours), which is only equivalent to the increase of the average exhaust gas temperature every day by about 1.5 ℃.
Example 2
The method is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that the tubular air preheater is horizontal, and is applied to a 25MW fuel oil boiler, so that the low-temperature dewing and dust deposition of the tubular air preheater are avoided, and the hot air required by the combustion of the boiler can be continuously provided.
Example 3
Essentially the same as in example 1, except that: the tubular air preheater further comprises a flow balance pipe, the two ends of the flow balance pipe are respectively communicated with the outlets of the two fans, and pipe orifices at the two ends of the flow balance pipe are located at the upper reaches of the air blocking doors, so that the reliability of an air supply system is improved, and the heat of tail smoke is recovered to the maximum extent.
Example 4
Essentially the same as in example 1, except that: the tubular air preheater further comprises an automatic control system, and the automatic control system is connected with the driving device and controls the working state of the driving device.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of a tubular air preheater is characterized by comprising the following steps: at least four independent heat exchange units are connected in parallel to form a tubular air preheater, air of each heat exchange unit is not subjected to flow channeling, the amount of cold air of each heat exchange unit can be adjusted on line, and when the amount of cold air in one heat exchange unit is adjusted, the temperature of flue gas in the heat exchange unit and at the outlet of the heat exchange unit rises, so that condensation of the heat exchange unit is gasified, and adhered fly ash becomes loose at high temperature;
the cold air quantity of each group of heat exchange units is adjusted to be small in turn, and the cold air quantity of only one group of heat exchange units is adjusted to be small at most at any moment; when the amount of cold air of one group of heat exchange units is adjusted, the amount of cold air of other heat exchange units is increased, so that the total amount of air fed into the hearth is unchanged;
the cold air quantity of each group of heat exchange units is reduced by a mode of isolating the air inlets of each group of heat exchange units in turn.
2. The utility model provides a system for tubular air heater prevents low temperature dewfall and stifled ash, includes tubular air heater heat transfer pipe case, its characterized in that: the heat exchange tube heat exchanger comprises an air preheater heat exchange tube box, a baffle plate and a heat exchange tube, wherein the baffle plate is arranged on the air side of the air preheater heat exchange tube box and separates the air preheater heat exchange tube box into at least four independent heat exchange units; the cold air inlet of each group of heat exchange units is provided with an air damper and a driving device for driving the air damper to open and close;
when the tubular air preheater is provided with air required by combustion by two air blowers, a flow balance pipe is also arranged between the outlets of the two air blowers, and pipe orifices at two ends of the flow balance pipe are positioned at the upstream of the air blocking door;
the automatic control system is connected with the driving device and controls the working state of the driving device.
3. The system for preventing low temperature dewing and ash blocking of a tubular air preheater as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the partition plates separate the heat exchange tube boxes of the air preheaters to form 4 to 12 independent heat exchange units.
4. The system for preventing low temperature dewing and ash blocking of a tubular air preheater as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the baffle separates each air heater heat exchange tube case, forms 8 independent heat exchange unit.
5. The system for preventing low temperature dewing and ash blocking of a tubular air preheater as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein: the single-group heat exchange unit is formed by connecting at least two air preheater heat exchange tube boxes in series and at least comprises a final-stage heat exchange tube box, and the range of separation of the partition plates is expanded from the final-stage heat exchange tube box to the heat exchange tube box with higher flue gas temperature until the inlet flue gas temperature of the independent heat exchange unit is higher than the dew point temperature of the flue gas.
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| CN201710374505.8A CN107013933B (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2017-05-24 | Method and system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of tubular air preheater |
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| CN201710374505.8A CN107013933B (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2017-05-24 | Method and system for preventing low-temperature dewing and ash blocking of tubular air preheater |
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| CN108413438B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2024-04-05 | 杭州新际能源科技有限公司 | Self-cleaning horizontal tubular air preheater |
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| CN109028137A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-18 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of tubular preheater and its control method preventing ammonium hydrogen sulfate deposition |
| CN109340812A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-15 | 大唐东北电力试验研究院有限公司 | A kind of Horizontal Tubular Air Preheater anti-block apparatus |
| CN109404958B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2024-02-02 | 南京博沃科技发展有限公司 | Energy-saving synergistic anti-blocking method and system based on bypass flue of air preheater |
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| GB8804714D0 (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1988-03-30 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Apparatus for air preheater type for perheating combustion air for combustion process |
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