CN107013915B - Little oil ignition combustor suitable for power station boiler - Google Patents
Little oil ignition combustor suitable for power station boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN107013915B CN107013915B CN201710389874.4A CN201710389874A CN107013915B CN 107013915 B CN107013915 B CN 107013915B CN 201710389874 A CN201710389874 A CN 201710389874A CN 107013915 B CN107013915 B CN 107013915B
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- oil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/007—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel liquid or pulverulent fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2204/00—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply
- F23D2204/30—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply liquid and pulverulent fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-oil ignition burner suitable for a power station boiler, which is characterized by comprising a burner body and an ignition device, wherein the burner body comprises a primary air inlet section, a bent pipe section and a nozzle section, the primary air inlet section and the nozzle section are in transition through the bent pipe section, a thick-thin separator module and a thick-thin separation baffle are arranged in the nozzle section, and peripheral air is distributed around the nozzle of the nozzle section; the ignition device comprises a blunt body positioned at the nozzle of the nozzle section and an oil gun. The invention has the advantages that: the ignition device has obvious effect on ignition of lean coal and anthracite, and can achieve the effect of saving fuel for ignition of the coal types; the burner with the pulverized coal ignition device adopts the oxygen-enriched combustion improver which can be used as an ignition burner and a main pulverized coal burner, and the two burners are convenient to switch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-oil ignition burner suitable for a power station boiler, in particular to a lean coal and anthracite coal dust low-oil ignition burner of the power station boiler.
Background
The traditional large oil gun ignition mode of the power station boiler has huge oil consumption and high ignition cost. In particular, for lean coal and anthracite with low volatile content, the ignition oil consumption of the boiler burner is larger, and the ignition process is more difficult than that of the anthracite.
At present, most power plants adopt plasma and micro-oil technology to reform the traditional ignition device. The plasma ignition technology can be put into operation for electric dust removal at the initial stage of ignition, and is more beneficial to environment and desulfurization. However, plasma ignition has a high requirement on coal quality to ensure smooth ignition in the initial stage. In recent years, the supply of ignition special coal (the heat value is required to reach more than 3400kJ/kg and the volatile components are high) is relatively short; coal quality of ignition coal is worse and worse; the ash content is larger; the stability of plasma ignition is greatly reduced, and sometimes, the ignition is required for a plurality of times or a large oil gun is adopted to raise the temperature of a hearth to more than 400 ℃, so that a major accident of hearth deflagration can occur when the method is serious. The operation method has great potential safety hazard while saving oil. In addition, plasma ignition has the defect of short service life of the cathode head, and the generated arc extinction problem seriously threatens the operation safety of the boiler.
The micro-oil ignition is based on plasma ignition, adopts the principles of graded ignition and step-by-step amplification, atomizes and burns a trace amount of oil (about 20-80 kg/h) in a precombustion chamber, and replaces the energy generated by a plasma arc with the energy released by oil mist combustion, thereby achieving the purposes of igniting and stably combusting coal dust by using the micro-oil. However, in the micro-oil ignition device, because the flow rate of the coal powder is high and the preheating time of the coal powder passing through the coal powder combustion chamber is short, the coal powder is insufficiently preheated, the temperature cannot reach the ignition temperature, and the device is generally only provided with one micro-oil gun, so that the temperature rising, preheating and ignition combustion of the coal powder are required to be completed at one time, the device only ignites coal types with high volatile components and good coal quality, and the device cannot ignite lean coal and anthracite with low heat productivity and volatile components.
At present, a large oil gun accompanying combustion method is required to be adopted for the ignition of a plurality of units, and the single-unit operation cost is obviously improved, so that the exploration of a more effective ignition mode is an urgent need for reducing the power generation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-oil ignition device of a pulverized coal boiler, which has a simple structure, a wide application range and special effects on coal types with poor coal quality, so as to solve the problems that when the existing more power station boilers use lean coal and anthracite as fuels, plasma ignition and micro-oil ignition are not applicable due to low volatile components, high ash content and low heat productivity of the lean coal and the anthracite, so that multiple ignition and arc extinction are easy to occur in the actual use process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention provides a low-oil ignition burner suitable for a utility boiler, which is characterized by comprising a burner body and an ignition device, wherein the burner body comprises a primary air inlet section, a bent pipe section and a nozzle section, the primary air inlet section and the nozzle section are transited through the bent pipe section, a thick-thin separator module and a thick-thin separation baffle are arranged in the nozzle section, and peripheral air is distributed around the nozzle of the nozzle section;
the ignition device comprises a blunt body and an oil gun, wherein the blunt body and the oil gun are positioned at the nozzle of the nozzle section, the left side and the right side of the blunt body are respectively provided with a thick separating baffle, the two ends of the thick separating baffle along the width direction are respectively connected with the blunt body and the nozzle section, so that a space between a wear-resistant shell of the nozzle section and the blunt body is divided into a thick-phase primary air powder channel and a thin-phase primary air powder channel, primary air powder respectively enters the thick-phase primary air powder channel and the thin-phase primary air powder channel through thick-phase pulverized coal and thin-phase pulverized coal formed by a thick-phase separator module, one end of the oil gun extends into the central part of the blunt body after extending into the burner body, the other end of the oil gun is provided with an oil material inlet, and the oil material inlet is positioned outside the burner body and is communicated with the compressed air inlet.
Preferably, the shade separation separator is equal in length to the blunt body.
Preferably, an oil gun sleeve is sleeved outside the oil gun, and the oil gun sleeve and the oil gun are sealed through a connecting sealing component.
Preferably, the oil gun sleeve and the oil gun are connected through internal threads, and a groove is formed in the fire facing surface of the blunt body.
Preferably, the burner body and the ignition device are supported and fixed by the connecting sealing member and the blunt body and the shade separation partition.
Preferably, the upper side and the lower side of the shade separation clapboard are respectively provided with wear-resistant components.
Preferably, the central axes of the oil gun, the nozzle of the nozzle section and the blunt body coincide.
Preferably, the oil material enters the oil gun through an oil material inlet, is atomized and uniformly mixed by compressed air, enters a hearth through a nozzle of the oil gun to burn and ignite pulverized coal;
the compressed air introduced into the compressed air inlet is a normal mixture of compressed air and pure oxygen and is an oxygen-enriched combustion improver.
Preferably, the inclined plane of the blunt body and the central line of the oil gun form an included angle of 15-75 degrees.
According to the invention, the igniter with a specific structure is arranged in the existing primary air nozzle, so that the purposes of reducing ignition energy and ignition time required by pulverized coal combustion are achieved. The ignition torch generated by the burning of the oil gun is directly contacted with the coal dust in the primary air. The high-temperature flue gas (about > =2000 ℃) generated by the violent combustion of the oxygen-enriched combustion improver and the oil mist is far higher than the flue gas temperature (about 1500-1800 ℃) of common compressed air, the high-temperature flue gas directly promotes the rapid temperature rise, cracking and crushing of pulverized coal particles, pyrolyzes and releases a large amount of volatile matters to quickly ignite and burn, then the ignited pulverized coal heats other unburned pulverized coal, the torch gradually becomes larger in the air flow movement process, and the ignition energy and ignition time required by the pulverized coal combustion are greatly reduced. During low-load operation, the combustion improver can be converted into common compressed air from oxygen-enriched gas according to the actual operation condition so as to stabilize combustion. The state switching of the combustion improver can meet the requirements of start-stop and low-load stable combustion of the boiler.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ignition device has obvious effect on ignition of lean coal and anthracite, and can achieve the effect of saving fuel for ignition of the coal types; the burner with the pulverized coal ignition device adopts the oxygen-enriched combustion improver which can be used as an ignition burner and a main pulverized coal burner, and the two burners are convenient to switch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a low-oil ignition burner suitable for a utility boiler provided by the invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic cross-sectional view of one form of construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the bluff body part of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, a low-oil ignition burner suitable for use in a utility boiler provided by the present invention includes a burner body 14 and an ignition device 16.
The burner body 14 is divided into three sections, namely a primary air inlet section 3, a bent pipe section 2 and a nozzle section 1, and the primary air inlet section 3 and the nozzle section 1 are transited through the bent pipe section 2. The jet section 1, the inside of the jet section 1 is provided with a shade separator module 5 and a shade separating baffle 13, and the perimeter wind 4 is distributed around the jet of the jet section 1. Wear-resistant components 12 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the shade separation clapboard 13.
The ignition device 16 comprises a blunt body 6 positioned at the nozzle of the nozzle section 1 and an oil gun 7. The left and right sides of the blunt body 6 are respectively provided with a shade separating baffle 13. The two ends of the thick-thin separating partition plate 13 along the width direction are respectively connected with the blunt body 6 and the nozzle section 1, so that the space between the wear-resistant shell 11 of the nozzle section 1 and the blunt body 6 is divided into a thick-phase primary air-powder channel and a thin-phase primary air-powder channel, and the thick-thin separating partition plate 13 is equal in length with the blunt body 6. The primary air powder enters a concentrated-phase primary air powder channel and a light-phase primary air powder channel respectively through concentrated-phase pulverized coal and light-phase pulverized coal formed by the concentrated-phase separator module 5, one end of the oil gun 7 stretches into the burner body 14 and then extends to the central position of the blunt body 6, and the central axes of the oil gun 7, the nozzle of the nozzle section 1 and the blunt body 6 coincide. The fire-facing surface of the blunt body 6 is provided with a groove, and the included angle between the inclined surface of the blunt body 6 and the central line of the oil gun 7 is 15-75 degrees. The other end of the oil gun 7 is provided with an oil material inlet 9, and the oil material inlet 9 is positioned outside the burner body 14 and is communicated with the compressed air inlet 15. The oil material enters the oil gun 7 through the oil material inlet 9, is atomized and uniformly mixed by the compressed air, enters the hearth through the nozzle of the oil gun 7 to burn and ignite coal dust, and the compressed air introduced into the compressed air inlet 15 is a normal mixture of the compressed air and pure oxygen and is an oxygen-enriched combustion improver.
The oil gun 7 is sleeved with an oil gun sleeve 8, and the oil gun sleeve 8 and the oil gun 7 are sealed by a connecting sealing part 10 and are connected by internal threads. The burner body 14 and the ignition device 16 are supported and fixed by connecting the sealing member 10, the blunt body 6 and the shade separation partition 13.
The application method of the invention comprises the following steps:
and 1, when the boiler has ignition conditions, oxygen-enriched compressed air is atomized together with oil materials through a gas channel and ignited by an igniter to form high-temperature flame, the ambient temperature of a hearth is improved, and meanwhile, a primary air door is opened at a small angle to cool an oil gun blunt body 6.
And 2, when the temperature of the primary air powder exceeds 70 ℃, a small amount of coal powder is properly added according to the grade of the boiler, the initial combustion rate of the boiler is controlled by the oil quantity, and the temperature and the pressure of the boiler are gradually increased along with the combustion.
And 3, adjusting the relation among the oxygen-enriched compressed air, the oil quantity and the primary air powder by the burner according to the temperature parameter of the boiler furnace flue gas.
And 4, when the operation load of the boiler exceeds 50%, closing the oil gun layer by layer from the upper layer to the lower layer, gradually adjusting the oxygen-enriched compressed air to the compressed air which is normally used according to the operation parameters, and exiting the oil gun.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and based on the technical solution disclosed in the invention, a person skilled in the art may substitute and modify some technical features thereof without creative effort according to the technical content disclosed, and these modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a little oil ignition combustor suitable for power plant boiler, which is characterized in that, including combustor body (14) and ignition (16), combustor body (14) include primary air entry section (3), bend section (2) and spout section (1), pass through bend section (2) transition between primary air entry section (3) and the spout section (1), be equipped with thick and thin separator module (5) and thick and thin separation baffle (13) in spout section (1), the spout distribution around spout section (1) has perimeter wind (4);
the ignition device (16) comprises a blunt body (6) and an oil gun (7) which are positioned at the nozzle of the nozzle section (1), wherein the left side and the right side of the blunt body (6) are respectively provided with a thick-thin separation baffle (13), the two ends of the thick-thin separation baffle (13) along the width direction are respectively connected with the blunt body (6) and the nozzle section (1), thereby the space between the wear-resistant shell (11) of the nozzle section (1) and the blunt body (6) is separated into a thick-phase primary air powder channel and a thin-phase primary air powder channel, primary air powder respectively enters the thick-phase primary air powder channel and the thin-phase primary air powder channel through thick-thin-phase pulverized coal formed by the thick-thin separator module (5), one end of the oil gun (7) extends into the central part of the blunt body (6) after extending into the burner body (14), and the other end of the oil gun (7) is provided with an oil material inlet (9), and the oil material inlet (9) is positioned outside the burner body (14) and is communicated with the compressed air inlet (15).
2. A low-oil ignition burner suitable for utility boilers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said shade-separating partition (13) is of equal length to said blunt body (6).
3. A low-oil ignition burner suitable for a utility boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that an oil gun sleeve (8) is sleeved outside the oil gun (7), and the space between the oil gun sleeve (8) and the oil gun (7) is sealed by a connecting sealing part (10).
4. A low-oil ignition burner suitable for utility boilers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the oil gun sleeve (8) and the oil gun (7) are connected by internal threads and the fire-facing surface of the blunt body (6) is provided with grooves.
5. A low-oil ignition burner suitable for utility boilers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the burner body (14) and the ignition device (16) are supported and fixed by the connecting sealing member (10) and the blunt body (6) and the shade separating partition (13).
6. A low oil ignition burner for a utility boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that wear-resistant components (12) are provided on the upper and lower sides of the shade separation partition (13), respectively.
7. A low-oil ignition burner suitable for utility boilers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the central axes of the oil gun (7), the nozzle of the nozzle section (1) and the blunt body (6) coincide.
8. A low-oil ignition burner suitable for a utility boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil material enters the oil gun (7) through the oil material inlet (9), is atomized and uniformly mixed by the compressed air, enters the hearth through the nozzle of the oil gun (7) for burning and igniting the coal dust;
the compressed air introduced into the compressed air inlet (15) is a normal mixture of compressed air and pure oxygen, and is an oxygen-enriched combustion improver.
9. A low-oil ignition burner suitable for utility boilers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the inclined surface of the blunt body (6) and the centre line of the oil gun (7) is 15-75 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710389874.4A CN107013915B (en) | 2017-05-27 | 2017-05-27 | Little oil ignition combustor suitable for power station boiler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710389874.4A CN107013915B (en) | 2017-05-27 | 2017-05-27 | Little oil ignition combustor suitable for power station boiler |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107013915A CN107013915A (en) | 2017-08-04 |
| CN107013915B true CN107013915B (en) | 2023-06-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710389874.4A Active CN107013915B (en) | 2017-05-27 | 2017-05-27 | Little oil ignition combustor suitable for power station boiler |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107575859A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-12 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | The oxygenation start-up burner and its ignition smooth combustion method of a kind of coal burning boiler of power station |
| CN111023083B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-10-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | W flame boiler adopting cyclone burner |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001082705A (en) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Pulverized fuel combustion burner, boiler, and pulverized fuel combustion method |
| JP3790489B2 (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2006-06-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Fine solid fuel combustion equipment |
| CN2926843Y (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-07-25 | 徐州燃烧控制研究院有限公司 | Oil-enhanced combustion trigger of coal powder boiler |
| CN101109507A (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-23 | 清华大学 | Little oil ignition horizontal dense-dilute concentration type direct flow pulverized coal burner |
| CN201093529Y (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2008-07-30 | 洛阳博耐特工程技术有限公司 | Two-stage blunt body minim oil lighter |
| CN100523607C (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-08-05 | 深圳东方锅炉控制有限公司 | Direct current coal powder burner |
| CN101825278B (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2012-01-25 | 华中科技大学 | Oxygen-rich combustor |
| CN207298958U (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-05-01 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Suitable for the oil-minimum start-up burner of station boiler |
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- 2017-05-27 CN CN201710389874.4A patent/CN107013915B/en active Active
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