CN107011899B - Device and method for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by using external electric field - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by using external electric field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an externally applied electric fieldA device and a method for preparing full spectrum perovskite quantum dots. The device comprises a reactor and an external electric field generating device (14); positive and negative electrode plates of the externally applied electric field generating device (14) are respectively arranged at two sides of the reactor; the reactor comprises an aluminum lower cover plate (16), a red copper microchannel reaction zone (15), a fastener (13) and an aluminum upper cover plate (10); the red copper microchannel reaction zone (15) is fixed on the aluminum lower cover plate (16) through a fastener (13), and the aluminum upper cover plate (10) is covered on the red copper microchannel reaction zone (15); the preparation method combines the external electric field with the micro-channel, and the use of the channel ensures that the electric field can gather Cl to the maximum extent ‑ Or I ‑ The ion has the advantages of good mixing effect, high integration level, high preparation efficiency and the like, the fluorescence efficiency of the prepared perovskite quantum dots reaches more than 85%, and the wavelength is continuously and accurately regulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photoelectric material preparation, in particular to a device and a method for efficiently preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by an external electric field.
Background
The LED lighting and display products have the advantages of high luminous efficiency, energy conservation, good color rendering, long service life and the like, are widely paid attention to society since birth, but most of the LED products existing in the market at present use P-N junction structures, have the defects of wider emission peak, low fluorescence efficiency and the like, lead the LED products to have lower luminous efficiency color rendering index, and do not achieve the expected effect, and the halide perovskite quantum dots developed in recent years have the advantages of narrower emission peak, high fluorescence efficiency up to 90%, adjustable emission wavelength and the like.
Current perovskite quantum dot preparation technologyPerovskite quantum dots which are still very immature, in particular blue and red, are due to Cl - Ion, I - The problem of combination of ions and a matrix is far superior to that of green perovskite quantum dots in fluorescence quantum efficiency and the like, and a method for preparing the perovskite quantum dots by Cl exists nowadays - Or I - Replacement of Br - The method for preparing the blue light or red light perovskite quantum dots is generally prepared on a traditional chemical synthesis platform, namely, the green light perovskite quantum dots are synthesized in a beaker, and Cl is introduced by a dropper - Or I - Is inefficient and adds Cl - Or I - The prepared blue light or red light perovskite quantum dots have low efficiency, and the method for preparing the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots is high in efficiency and has great research value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior preparation technology, the invention provides a device and a method for efficiently preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by an external electric field, the preparation method adopts an ion exchange method to efficiently prepare the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots, the external electric field is combined with a micro-channel, and the use of the channel ensures that the electric field can gather Cl to the maximum extent - Or (b) I - Compared with the traditional synthesis method, the ion has the advantages of good mixing effect, high integration level, high preparation efficiency and the like, and the prepared perovskite quantum dot has high fluorescence efficiency and continuous and accurate wavelength regulation.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
A device for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by an external electric field comprises a reactor and an external electric field generating device;
the external electric field generating device consists of a positive electrode and a negative electrode which are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a direct current power supply, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are respectively arranged at two sides of the reactor;
the reactor comprises an aluminum lower cover plate, a red copper microchannel reaction zone, a fastener and an aluminum upper cover plate; the red copper microchannel reaction zone is fixed on the aluminum lower cover plate through a fastener, and an aluminum upper cover plate is covered on the red copper microchannel reaction zone;
the red copper microchannel reaction zone comprises a matrix solution generation zone, a DMSO solution zone and a matrix solution ion exchange zone;
the micro-channels in the matrix solution generation area are formed by sequentially connecting three groups of ring-buckle type micro-channels, and each group of ring-buckle type micro-channels is formed by connecting four ring-buckle type micro-channels in a ring-buckle manner; the connecting pipe diameter between the groups is 1.5mm-2mm, each circular ring micro-channel in the group is a dislocation type channel, one half of the circular ring micro-channel is a narrow type channel, the other half of the circular ring micro-channel is a wide type channel, the pipe diameter of the narrow type channel is 0.4mm-0.6mm, the pipe diameter of the wide type channel is 0.9mm-1.2mm, the dislocation distance of the wide type channel is 0.4mm-0.6mm, and the dislocation angle is 90 degrees-150 degrees; the front ends of the first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels are provided with a first inlet and a second inlet which are communicated; a third inlet is formed at the joint of the second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels and the third group of ring-buckle type micro-channels;
the tail end of the micro-channel in the matrix solution generation area is directly communicated with the front end of the micro-channel of the matrix solution ion exchange area, and the pipe diameter of the communicating pipe is 1.5mm-2mm; the micro-channels in the matrix solution ion exchange area are formed by sequentially connecting three groups of ring-buckle type micro-channels which are the same as the micro-channels in the matrix solution generation area, and the tail ends of the micro-channels in the matrix solution ion exchange area are product outlets;
the DMSO solution area is internally provided with a U-shaped micro-channel, and the pipe diameter of the U-shaped micro-channel is 1.5mm-2mm; one port of the U-shaped micro-channel is a fourth inlet, and the other port is a DMSO residual solution outlet;
an ion exchange membrane and a concentration cavity are sequentially arranged between the bottom of the U-shaped micro-channel in the DMSO solution area and the bending part connected with the first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels and the second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels of the micro-channel in the matrix solution ion exchange area;
a substrate solution movable door is arranged between a bending part of the first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels and the second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels of the micro-channels in the substrate solution ion exchange area and the concentration cavity; and a DMSO solution movable gate is arranged between the bottom of the U-shaped micro-channel in the DMSO solution zone and the ion exchange membrane.
Further, the electrode plate of the externally applied electric field generating device is vertical to the micro-channel in the red copper micro-channel reaction zone, the generated electric field direction is horizontal to the micro-channel, the electrode plate close to the outlet of the micro-channel product is negatively charged, and the voltage range of the direct current power supply is 10-20kV.
Further, the ion exchange membrane is a polyethylene homogeneous anion exchange membrane, and the ion exchange membrane is matched with an external electric field to realize ion aggregation.
A method for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots based on an external electric field of the device comprises the following steps:
(1) PbBr is prepared 2 And CsBr solid are respectively dissolved in dimethylformamide added with oleic acid and oleylamine to obtain DMF-PbBr 2 Solution and DMF-CsBr solution;
(2) Stirring and dissolving chloride or iodide salt in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain dimethyl sulfoxide solution of chloride or iodide salt;
(3) Starting an externally applied electric field generating device, opening a DMSO solution movable door, closing a matrix solution movable door, and introducing DMSO solution of chloride or iodide salt into a fourth inlet, wherein Cl is contained in the solution - Ions or I - Ions are gathered in the concentration cavity through the ion exchange membrane under the action of an electric field; then stopping the injection of the solution, closing a DMSO solution movable door, and opening a matrix solution movable door;
(4) Closing the externally applied electric field generating device, and introducing DMF-PbBr from the first inlet, the second inlet and the third inlet respectively 2 Solution, DMF-CsBr solution and toluene, and PbCsBr is generated in the substrate solution generating area 3 Green light quantum dot matrix solution; concentrating the Cl accumulated in the chamber - Ions or I - Ions and PbCsBr 3 Mixing green light quantum dot matrix solution, and generating PbCsCl by ion exchange 3 Or PbCsI 3 And preparing the blue or red full spectrum perovskite quantum dot.
Further, in the step (1), the volume ratio of the dimethylformamide to the oleic acid to the oleylamine is 20:2:1.
Further, in step (1), the DMF-PbBr 2 The concentration of the solution and the DMF-CsBr solution is 0.2mmol/ml to 0.4mmol/ml.
Further, in the step (2), the chloride salt includes one of LiCl, naCl, and KCl.
Further, in step (2), the iodized salt comprises one of li, nal, and Kl.
Further, in the step (2), the concentration of the dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the chloride salt or the iodide salt is 0.2mmol/ml-0.4mmol/ml.
Further, in the step (3), the rate of introducing the dimethyl sulfoxide solution of chloride or iodide salt into the fourth inlet (4) is 1ml/min-3ml/min.
Further, in the step (4), the first inlet (1) is communicated with DMF-PbBr 2 The rate of the solution and the rate of the DMF-CsBr solution fed into the second inlet (2) are both 0.5ml/min-1.5ml/min, and the rate of the toluene fed into the third inlet (3) is 5-10ml/min.
Further, in the step (4), DMF-PbBr is introduced 2 The volume ratio of the solution, DMF-CsBr solution and toluene to the dimethyl sulfoxide solution of chloride or iodide salt introduced in the step (3) is 1:1:10:1.
Further, the external electric field generating device (14) is turned on for a period of time until the DMSO solution of chloride or iodide is completely introduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The invention has the advantages of small channel size, narrowest part reaching 0.4-0.6mm, high integration degree, high reaction degree and the like, and uses the polyethylene homogeneous anion exchange membrane and an external electric field to prepare the raw material PbBr of the green perovskite quantum dot 2 And CsBr, by combining an external electric field with the micro-channel, cl is accumulated - Ions or I - Ions, and efficiently and continuously synthesizing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by using an ion exchange method;
(2) The emission wavelength of the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot prepared by the method is accurately regulated and controlled within 475nm-660nm, the half-peak width is between 20 nm and 38nm, the fluorescence quantum yield is as high as more than 85%, and the prepared full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot can be used in the fields of light emitting diodes, LED light emitting devices, LED display screens and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reactor assembly of an apparatus for preparing full spectrum perovskite quantum dots by an applied electric field of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for preparing full spectrum perovskite quantum dots by an external electric field;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the green perovskite quantum dots prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the blue perovskite quantum dots prepared in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the blue perovskite quantum dots prepared in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the green perovskite quantum dots prepared in example 4;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the emission spectrum of the yellow perovskite quantum dots prepared in example 5;
FIG. 8 is an emission spectrum of the red perovskite quantum dots prepared in example 6;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the red perovskite quantum dots prepared in example 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The device for preparing the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by the external electric field comprises a reactor and an external electric field generating device 14;
as shown in fig. 1, which is a combined diagram of a reactor of the device for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by an external electric field, an external electric field generating device 14 is composed of a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate which are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a direct current power supply, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are respectively arranged at two sides of the reactor; the reactor comprises an aluminum lower cover plate 16, a red copper microchannel reaction zone 15, a fastener 13 and an aluminum upper cover plate 10; the red copper microchannel reaction zone 15 is fixed on the aluminum lower cover plate 16 through a fastener 13, and the aluminum upper cover plate 10 is covered on the red copper microchannel reaction zone 15;
as shown in FIG. 2, the device for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by an external electric field is a channel structure diagram, and a red copper microchannel reaction zone 15 comprises a matrix solution generation zone 7, a DMSO solution zone 8 and a matrix solution ion exchange zone 9;
the micro-channels in the matrix solution generating area 7 are formed by sequentially connecting three groups of ring-buckle type micro-channels, and each group of ring-buckle type micro-channels is formed by connecting four ring-buckle type micro-channels in a ring-buckle manner; the connecting pipe diameter between the groups is 1.5mm-2mm, each circular ring micro-channel in the group is a dislocation type channel, one half of the circular ring micro-channel is a narrow type channel, the other half of the circular ring micro-channel is a wide type channel, the pipe diameter of the narrow type channel is 0.4mm-0.6mm, the pipe diameter of the wide type channel is 0.9mm-1.2mm, the dislocation distance of the wide type channel is 0.4mm-0.6mm, and the dislocation angle is 90 degrees-150 degrees; the front ends of the first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels are provided with a first inlet 1 and a second inlet 2 which are communicated; a third inlet 3 is arranged at the joint of the second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels and the third group of ring-buckle type micro-channels;
the tail end of the micro-channel in the matrix solution generation area 7 is directly communicated with the front end of the micro-channel of the matrix solution ion exchange area 9, and the pipe diameter of the communicating pipe is 1.5mm-2mm; the micro-channels in the matrix solution ion exchange area 9 are formed by sequentially connecting three groups of ring-buckle type micro-channels, and the tail ends of the micro-channels are product outlets 17;
the DMSO solution area 8 is internally provided with a U-shaped micro-channel, and the pipe diameter of the U-shaped micro-channel is 1.5mm-2mm; one port of the U-shaped micro-channel is a fourth inlet 4, and the other port is a DMSO residual solution outlet 18; an ion exchange membrane 5 and a concentration cavity 6 are sequentially arranged between the bottom of the U-shaped micro-channel in the DMSO solution area 8 and the bending part of the micro-channel in the matrix solution ion exchange area 9, wherein the bending part is connected with the first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels and the second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels; the ion exchange membrane 5 is a polyethylene homogeneous anion exchange membrane and is matched with an external electric field to realize the aggregation of ions;
a base solution movable door 12 is arranged between the concentration cavity 6 and the bending part of the first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels and the second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels of the micro-channels in the base solution ion exchange area 9; a DMSO solution movable door 11 is arranged between the bottom of the U-shaped micro-channel in the DMSO solution zone 8 and the ion exchange membrane 5;
the electrode plate of the externally applied electric field generating device 14 is vertical to the micro-channel in the red copper micro-channel reaction zone 15, the generated electric field direction is horizontal to the micro-channel, the electrode plate close to the micro-channel product outlet 17 is negatively charged, and the voltage range of the direct current power supply is 10-20kV;
example 1
The preparation of the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot by the external electric field comprises the following steps:
(1) The reactor is assembled according to the figure 2, the connecting pipe diameter between groups of micro-channels in the matrix solution generating area 7 and the matrix solution ion exchange area 9 is 1.5mm, the pipe diameter of each circular micro-channel narrow channel in the group is 0.5mm, the pipe diameter of the wide channel is 1.0mm, the dislocation distance of the wide channel is 0.5mm, the staggering angle is 120 degrees, and the connecting pipe diameter between the two areas is 1.5mm; the pipe diameter in the DMSO solution zone 8 is 1.5mm;
(2) 1ml of long-chain ligand oleylamine and 0.5ml of short-chain ligand oleic acid are measured, put into 10ml of DMF solvent (dimethylformamide) and stirred and dissolved at the rotating speed of 900 r/min;
(3) Weigh 0.147g PbBr on an electronic balance 2 And 0.043g CsBr solid (molar ratio is 2:1), adding into the solution obtained in the step (2), and stirring uniformly at 900r/min to obtain DMF-PbBr respectively 2 Solution and DMF-CsBr solution;
(4) DMSO solution door 11 and base solution door 12 are closed;
(5) DMF-PbBr was introduced at a rate of 1ml/min from the first inlet 1 and the second inlet 2 of the reactor, respectively 2 The solution and DMF-CsBr solution were introduced into toluene at a rate of 5ml/min from the third inlet 3, and the collecting device of the product outlet 17 gave green perovskite quantum dots.
The emission spectrum of the prepared green perovskite quantum dot is shown in fig. 3, and the obtained quantum dot has a wavelength of 505nm and a half-width of 27nm.
Example 2
The preparation of the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot by the external electric field comprises the following steps:
(1) The reactor is assembled according to the figure 2, the connecting pipe diameter between groups of micro-channels in the matrix solution generating area 7 and the matrix solution ion exchange area 9 is 1.5mm, the pipe diameter of each circular micro-channel narrow channel in the group is 0.5mm, the pipe diameter of the wide channel is 1.0mm, the dislocation distance of the wide channel is 0.5mm, the staggering angle is 120 degrees, and the connecting pipe diameter between the two areas is 1.5mm; the pipe diameter in the DMSO solution zone 8 is 1.5mm;
(2) 1ml of long-chain ligand oleylamine and 0.5ml of short-chain ligand oleic acid are measured, put into 10ml of DMF solvent (dimethylformamide) and stirred and dissolved at the rotating speed of 900 r/min;
(3) Weigh 0.147g PbBr on an electronic balance 2 And 0.043g CsBr solid (molar ratio is 2:1), adding into the solution obtained in the step (2), and stirring uniformly at 900r/min to obtain DMF-PbBr respectively 2 Solution and DMF-CsBr solution;
(4) Weighing 0.25g of KCl solid on an electronic balance, putting into 10ml of DMSO solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide), and stirring and dissolving at a rotating speed of 900r/min to obtain KCl DMSO solution;
(5) Opening an external electric field, wherein the voltage is 15kV, a DMSO solution movable door 11 is opened, a matrix solution movable door 12 is closed, KCl DMSO solution is introduced from a fourth inlet 4 at a speed of 3ml/min, injection of the solution is stopped after 1min, the DMSO solution movable door 11 is closed, and the matrix solution movable door 12 is opened;
(6) Closing the applied electric field, and introducing DMF-PbBr at a rate of 1ml/min from the first inlet 1 and the second inlet 2 of the reactor 2 And introducing toluene at a rate of 5ml/min from a third inlet 3, and obtaining the blue perovskite quantum dots by a collecting device at a product outlet.
The emission spectrum of the prepared blue perovskite quantum dot is shown in fig. 4, and the obtained quantum dot has a wavelength of 489nm and a half-width of 30nm.
Example 3
The preparation of the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot by the external electric field comprises the following steps:
the same as in example 2, except that 0.25g of KCl solids was weighed out in step (4) to 0.5g of KCl solids, the other conditions were kept unchanged.
The emission spectrum of the prepared blue perovskite quantum dot is shown in fig. 5, and the obtained quantum dot has a wavelength of 475nm and a half-width of 29nm.
Example 4
The preparation of the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot by the external electric field comprises the following steps:
the same as in example 2, except that 0.25g of KCl solid was weighed out in step (4) to be 0.25gKI solid, the other conditions were kept unchanged.
The emission spectrum of the prepared green perovskite quantum dot is shown in fig. 6, and the obtained quantum dot has a emission wavelength of 554nm and a half-width of 31nm.
Example 5
The preparation of the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot by the external electric field comprises the following steps:
the same as in example 2, except that 0.25g of KCl solid was weighed out in step (4) to be 0.5. 0.5gKI solid, the other conditions were kept unchanged.
The emission spectrum of the prepared yellow perovskite quantum dot is shown in fig. 7, and the obtained quantum dot has a emission wavelength of 596nm and a half-width of 26nm.
Example 6
The preparation of the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot by the external electric field comprises the following steps:
the same as in example 2, except that 0.25g of KCl solid was weighed out in step (4) to be 0.75. 0.75gKI solid, the other conditions were kept unchanged.
The emission spectrum of the prepared red perovskite quantum dot is shown in fig. 8, and the obtained quantum dot has a wavelength of 631nm and a half-width of 33nm.
Example 7
The preparation of the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot by the external electric field comprises the following steps:
the same as in example 2, except that 0.25g of KCl solid was weighed out in step (4) to be 1gKI solid, the other conditions were kept unchanged.
The emission spectrum of the prepared red light perovskite quantum dot is shown in fig. 9, and the obtained quantum dot has 660nm of emission wavelength and 32nm of half-width.
Example 8
(1) According to the method for preparing perovskite quantum dots by ion exchange reported in the literature (P. Ramasamy, D.H. Lim, B. Kim, S.H. Lee, M.S. Lee and J.S. Lee. All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for photodetector applications [ J ]. Journal, 2016, 52 (Issue): 2067-70.), ethanol solution of chlorine salt is measured by using a dropper under a conventional reaction system, and fluorescence quantum efficiency of the prepared blue perovskite quantum dots is measured to be 64% by taking quinine sulfate as a reference according to a reference method step.
(2) PbBr was used under microreactor according to the procedure described in example 2 2 And the blue perovskite quantum dot prepared by CsBr, and measuring the fluorescence quantum efficiency to be 88% by taking quinine sulfate as a reference according to the reference method step.
Example 9
(1) According to the method for preparing perovskite quantum dots by ion exchange reported in the literature (P. Ramasamy, D.H. Lim, B. Kim, S.H. Lee, M.S. Lee and J.S. Lee. All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for photodetector applications [ J ]. Journal, 2016, 52 (Issue): 2067-70.), ethanol solution of iodine salt was measured using a dropper under a conventional reaction system, and the fluorescence quantum efficiency of the prepared red perovskite quantum dots was measured as 62% according to the reference method step with Luo Mingdan G as a reference.
(2) PbBr under microreactor according to the procedure described in example 7 2 And CsBr, and the fluorescence quantum efficiency is 86% according to the reference method step by using Luo Mingdan G as a reference.
Claims (10)
1. The device for preparing the full-spectrum perovskite quantum dot by the external electric field is characterized by comprising a reactor and an external electric field generating device (14);
the external electric field generating device (14) consists of a positive electrode and a negative electrode which are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are respectively arranged at two sides of the reactor;
the reactor comprises an aluminum lower cover plate (16), a red copper microchannel reaction zone (15), a fastener (13) and an aluminum upper cover plate (10); the red copper microchannel reaction zone (15) is fixed on the aluminum lower cover plate (16) through a fastener (13), and the aluminum upper cover plate (10) is covered on the red copper microchannel reaction zone (15);
the red copper microchannel reaction zone (15) comprises a matrix solution generation zone (7), a DMSO solution zone (8) and a matrix solution ion exchange zone (9);
the micro-channels in the matrix solution generating area (7) are formed by sequentially connecting three groups of ring-buckle type micro-channels, and each group of ring-buckle type micro-channels is formed by connecting four ring-buckle type micro-channels in a ring-buckle manner; the connecting pipe diameter between the groups is 1.5mm-2mm; each circular ring microchannel in the group is a dislocation type channel, one half of the circular ring microchannel is a narrow type channel, the other half of the circular ring microchannel is a wide type channel, the diameter of the narrow type channel is 0.4mm-0.6mm, the diameter of the wide type channel is 0.9mm-1.2mm, the dislocation distance of the wide type channel is 0.4mm-0.6mm, and the dislocation angle is 90-150 degrees; the front ends of the first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels are provided with a first inlet (1) and a second inlet (2) which are communicated; a third inlet (3) is arranged at the joint of the second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels and the third group of ring-buckle type micro-channels;
the tail end of the micro-channel in the matrix solution generation area (7) is directly communicated with the front end of the micro-channel of the matrix solution ion exchange area (9), and the pipe diameter of the communicating pipe is 1.5mm-2mm; the micro-channels in the matrix solution ion exchange area (9) are formed by sequentially connecting three groups of ring-buckle type micro-channels which are the same as the micro-channels in the matrix solution generation area (7), the tail ends of the micro-channels in the matrix solution ion exchange area (9) are product outlets (17), and electrode plates close to the micro-channel product outlets (17) are negatively charged;
the DMSO solution area (8) is internally provided with a U-shaped micro-channel, and the pipe diameter of the U-shaped micro-channel is 1.5mm-2mm; one port of the U-shaped micro-channel is a fourth inlet (4), and the other port is a DMSO residual solution outlet (18);
an ion exchange membrane (5) and a concentration cavity (6) are sequentially arranged between the bottom of a U-shaped micro-channel in a DMSO solution area (8) and the bending part of the micro-channel in a matrix solution ion exchange area (9) where a first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels are connected with a second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels;
a substrate solution movable door (12) is arranged between a bending part of the first group of ring-buckle type micro-channels and the second group of ring-buckle type micro-channels of the micro-channels in the substrate solution ion exchange area (9) and the concentration cavity (6); a DMSO solution movable gate (11) is arranged between the bottom of the U-shaped micro-channel in the DMSO solution zone (8) and the ion exchange membrane (5).
2. The device for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by using an external electric field according to claim 1, wherein an electrode plate of the external electric field generating device (14) is vertical to a micro-channel in a red copper micro-channel reaction area (15), the generated electric field direction is horizontal to the micro-channel, an electrode plate close to a micro-channel product outlet (17) is negatively charged, and the voltage range of a direct current power supply is 10-20kV.
3. The device for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by using an external electric field according to claim 1, wherein the ion exchange membrane (5) is a polyethylene homogeneous anion exchange membrane and is matched with the external electric field to realize ion aggregation.
4. A method for preparing full spectrum perovskite quantum dots based on an external electric field of the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) PbBr is prepared 2 And CsBr solid are respectively dissolved in dimethylformamide added with oleic acid and oleylamine to obtain DMF-PbBr 2 Solution and DMF-CsBr solution;
(2) Stirring and dissolving chloride or iodized salt in dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain dimethyl sulfoxide solution of chloride or iodized salt;
(3) Opening an externally applied electric field generating device (14), opening a DMSO solution movable door (11), closing a matrix solution movable door (12), introducing dimethyl sulfoxide solution of chloride or iodized salt into a fourth inlet (4), and collecting Cl-ions or I-ions in a concentration cavity (6) through an ion exchange membrane (5) under the action of an electric field; then stopping the injection of the solution, closing a DMSO solution movable door (11), and opening a matrix solution movable door (12);
(4) Closing the externally applied electric field generating device (14) and respectively introducing DMF-PbBr from the first inlet (1), the second inlet (2) and the third inlet (3) 2 Generating CsPbBr in the solution, DMF-CsBr solution and toluene in the substrate solution generating area (7) 3 Green light quantum dot matrix solution; concentration of Cl accumulated in the chamber (6) - Ions or I - Ions and CsPbBr 3 Mixing green light quantum dot matrix solution, and generating CsPbCl by ion exchange 3 Or CsPbI 3 And preparing the blue or red full spectrum perovskite quantum dot.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the volume ratio of dimethylformamide, oleic acid and oleylamine is 20:2:1; the DMF-PbBr 2 The concentration of the solution and the DMF-CsBr solution is 0.2mmol/ml to 0.4mmol/ml.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein in step (2), the chloride salt comprises one of LiCl, naCl, and KCl; the iodized salt comprises one of LiI, naI and KI; the concentration of the dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the chloride salt or the iodide salt is 0.2mmol/ml-0.4mmol/ml.
7. The method for preparing full-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by using an external electric field according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the rate of introducing dimethyl sulfoxide solution of chloride salt or iodized salt into the fourth inlet (4) is 1ml/min-3ml/min.
8. The method for preparing full spectrum perovskite quantum dots according to claim 4, wherein in step (4), the first inlet (1) is filled with DMF-PbBr 2 The rate of the solution and the rate of the DMF-CsBr solution fed into the second inlet (2) are both 0.5ml/min-1.5ml/min, and the rate of the toluene fed into the third inlet (3) is 5-10ml/min.
9. Root of Chinese characterThe method for preparing full spectrum perovskite quantum dots by using an external electric field as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (4), DMF-PbBr is introduced 2 The volume ratio of the solution, DMF-CsBr solution and toluene to the dimethyl sulfoxide solution of chloride or iodide salt introduced in the step (3) is 1:1:10:1.
10. The method for preparing full spectrum perovskite quantum dots by using an external electric field according to claim 4, wherein the external electric field generating device (14) is turned on for a period of time which lasts until the introduction of the dimethyl sulfoxide solution of chloride or iodide is completed.
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