CN107011404A - A kind of method using cholic acid as Material synthesis lithocholic acid - Google Patents
A kind of method using cholic acid as Material synthesis lithocholic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN107011404A CN107011404A CN201710404532.5A CN201710404532A CN107011404A CN 107011404 A CN107011404 A CN 107011404A CN 201710404532 A CN201710404532 A CN 201710404532A CN 107011404 A CN107011404 A CN 107011404A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
- C07J9/005—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane containing a carboxylic function directly attached or attached by a chain containing only carbon atoms to the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of synthetic method of lithocholic acid, cholic acid is used for initiation material, carbonyl, hydrolysis, Huang Min-lon reduction are oxidized to by 3 α OH selective protections, 7 α OH, 12 α OH, totally 4 steps reaction synthesis lithocholic acid.This method initiation material is easy to get, inexpensive, and synthesis step is brief, and side reaction is few, and post processing is simple, and total recovery is high, it is adaptable to industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic chemistry filed, and in particular to a kind of method using cholic acid as Material synthesis lithocholic acid.
Background technology
Lithocholic acid, also known as 3-5 β of Alpha-hydroxy-cholanic acid, are a kind of bile acids, shown in its structure such as formula (i).Research shows
Lithocholic acid and its derivative have a variety of physiologically actives, such as antibacterial, antifungal activity (Farmaco Sci.39 (4) (1984)
305-315), antitumor activity (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U S A.109 (42) (2012) 16906-16910), α -2,3-
Sialyltransferase inhibitory activity (Chem.Commun. (6) (2006) 629-631), protein-tyrosine-phosphatase 1B suppress to live
Property (Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.22 (23) (2012) 7237-7242), TGR5 receptor activators (J.Med.Chem.51
(6) (2008) 1831-1841) etc..
The synthesis about lithocholic acid is reported seldom at present.Nineteen forty-six is had been reported that using deoxycholic acid as initiation material, through C-24
Esterification, the α-OH of selective protection 3,12 α-OH and then the α-OH protection groups of selectively removing 3, hydrolysis, hydrogenation are protected again, altogether 7
Step synthesis lithocholic acid (Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1946,162,555-563).Reaction scheme is as follows:
In this synthetic route, total recovery only has 23%, and uses the platinum dioxide catalyst of costliness, and cost is higher, uncomfortable
Share in industrialized production.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks described above of prior art, the invention provides a kind of synthetic method of lithocholic acid, this method rises
Beginning raw material cholic acid is easy to get and inexpensively, synthesis step is brief, and side reaction is few, and post processing is simple, it is adaptable to industrialized production.
To achieve the above object, the synthetic method (semisynthesis) of lithocholic acid of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
Step a):In a solvent, using the cholic acid shown in formula (1) as initiation material, occur esterification, selectivity with acid anhydrides
3 α-OH are protected, formula (2) compound is obtained;
Step b):In a solvent, oxidation reaction occurs in the presence of oxidant for formula (2) compound, by aoxidizing 7 α-OH
It is carbonyl with 12 α-OH, obtains formula (3) compound;
Step c):In a solvent, hydrolysis occurs in the presence of alkali for formula (3) compound, obtains formula (4) compound;
Step d):In a solvent, Huang Min-lon reduction reaction occurs in the presence of hydrazine hydrate and alkali for formula (4) compound, obtains
To the lithocholic acid shown in formula (5);
The course of reaction is as shown in reaction formula (I):
Wherein, R is-(CH2)2COOH、-(CH2)3COOH、-(CH2)4COOH ,-PhCOOH etc..
In step a), the temperature range of the esterification is 25 DEG C~100 DEG C;Preferably, it is 80 DEG C.
In step a), the time range of the esterification is 24~48 hours;Preferably, it is 43 hours.
In step a), the acid anhydrides is selected from succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, adipic anhydride and phthalic anhydride etc.;It is preferred that
Ground, is succinic anhydride.
In step a), the mol ratio of the cholic acid and acid anhydrides is 1:(1~3);Preferably, it is 1:1.75.
In step a), the solvent is pyridine.
In a specific embodiment, the reaction condition in step a) of the present invention is:Cholic acid is dissolved in pyridine, plus
Enter acid anhydrides heating response, reaction process is detected by TLC, formula (2) compound is obtained.
In step b), the oxidant is selected from PDC, PCC, CrO3、NBS、NCS、NaClO、Ca(ClO)2And H2O2In
It is one or more;Preferably, it is NBS (N- bromo-succinimides).
In step b), the temperature range of the oxidation reaction is 0 DEG C~60 DEG C;Preferably, it is 40 DEG C.
In step b), the time range of the oxidation reaction is 0.5~12 hour;Preferably, it is 6 hours.
In step b), the mol ratio of formula (2) compound and oxidant is 1:(2~5);Preferably, it is 1:4.
In step b), one or more of the solvent in tetrahydrofuran, acetone and water etc.;Preferably, oxidation is worked as
Agent is PDC, PCC, CrO3When, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran;When oxidant is NBS, NCS, NaClO, Ca (ClO)2And H2O2
When, the solvent is acetone and water, wherein the volume ratio of the acetone and water is (1~5):1, it is preferable that be 3:1.
In step b), carried out preferably under the conditions of lucifuge.
In a specific embodiment, the reaction condition in step b) of the present invention is:Formula (2) compound is dissolved in molten
In agent, oxidant reaction is added, reaction process is detected by TLC, formula (3) compound is obtained.
In step c), the temperature range of the hydrolysis is 0 DEG C~75 DEG C;Preferably, it is 25 DEG C of room temperature.
In step c), the time range of the hydrolysis is 1~24 hour;Preferably, it is 16 hours.
In step c), one or more of the solvent in tetrahydrofuran, water etc.;Preferably, be tetrahydrofuran and
The mixed solvent of water, wherein, the volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran and water is (4~8):1, it is preferable that be 6:1.
In step c), the alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium acetate, uncle
One or more in butanol potassium, sodium tert-butoxide and caustic alcohol etc.;Preferably, it is lithium hydroxide;It is further preferred that being a water
Close lithium hydroxide.
In step c), the mol ratio of formula (3) compound and alkali is 1:(3~10);Preferably, it is 1:4.
In a specific embodiment, the reaction condition in step c) of the present invention is:Formula (3) compound is dissolved in water
With the in the mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran, alkali is added, reaction process is detected by TLC, formula (4) compound is obtained after terminating.
In step d), the alkali is selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium acetate and caustic alcohol
One or more in;Preferably, it is potassium hydroxide.
In step d), the mol ratio of formula (4) compound and hydrazine hydrate and potassium hydroxide is 1:5~20:5~20;It is excellent
Selection of land, is 1:10:10.
In step d), one or more of the solvent in diglycol, ethylene glycol and glycerine etc.;It is preferred that
Ground, is diglycol.
In step d), the temperature range of the Huang Min-lon reduction reaction is 100 DEG C~200 DEG C;Be preferably, 120 DEG C~
200℃.It is further preferred that for 120 DEG C, 200 DEG C.
In step d), the time range of the Huang Min-lon reduction reaction is 3~24 hours;Preferably, it is 6 hours.
In a specific embodiment, the reaction condition in step d) of the present invention is:Formula (4) compound is dissolved in molten
In agent, hydrazine hydrate and alkali are added, 100~200 DEG C are heated to, reacted 3~24 hours, reaction process is detected by TLC, formula is obtained
(5) lithocholic acid shown in.
In the present invention, the mechanism of the Huang Min-lon reduction reaction is as follows:
Hydrazone is generated with hydrazine reaction first containing carbonyls, then in the presence of alkali, the hydrogen on nitrogen is sloughed, double bond is moved
Position.Finally, nitrogen is left away, and carbanion captures the hydrogen in water again, and generation is reduced to methylene.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:1) initiation material of the invention be easy to get, it is inexpensive, synthetic route is brief, by 4 steps
Lithocholic acid is synthesized, is a brand-new synthetic route, similar synthetic method is not reported so far.2) three-step reaction is almost fixed before
Amount is completed, and side reaction is few, and post processing is simple, and gross mass yield is up to 75%.
Embodiment
With reference to specific examples below, the present invention is described in further detail.Implement the present invention process, condition,
Experimental method etc., is the general knowledge of this area in addition to the following content specially referred to, content is not particularly limited in the present invention.
In following embodiments, compound structure is determined by NMR (Bruker, 400MHz);Cholic acid is smooth by upper Haitai
Science and Technology Ltd. provides;Remaining conventional reagent is main to be provided by Shanghai traditional Chinese medicines chemical reagents corporation;Product mainly passes through silica gel
Column chromatography is purified, and silica gel (200-300 mesh) is provided by Haiyang Chemical Plant, Qingdao.
Embodiment one
1st, the synthesis of formula (2 ') compound
Cholic acid (10g, 24.5mol) is dissolved in pyridine (50mL), adds succinic anhydride (3.43g, 34.3mmol), heating
Reacted 17 hours to 80 DEG C, add 300mg succinic anhydrides, reacted 7 hours, add 300mg succinic anhydrides, then reacted 7 hours, then
200mg succinic anhydrides are added to react 12 hours.After TLC detection raw material reactions completely, reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, poured into dilute
In HCl/water solution (55mL concentrated hydrochloric acid+500mL water), add 100mL ethyl acetate and be stirred at room temperature 20 minutes.Divide liquid, aqueous phase second
Acetoacetic ester extracts (40mL × 4).Merge organic phase, washed successively with saturated aqueous common salt (30mL × 1), anhydrous Na2SO4Dry.Subtract
Pressure concentration, vacuum drying, obtain formula (2 ') crude compound (white solid, 12.4g), mass yield 124%.Product is without pure
Change, directly cast single step reaction.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 12.07 (s, 2H), 4.44 (s, 1H), 4.03 (d, J=
7.2Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 1H), 0.94 (t, J=11.8Hz, 5H), 0.84 (s, 3H), 0.59 (s, 3H)
2nd, the synthesis of formula (3 ') compound
Formula (2 ') crude compound (12.4g, 24.5mmol) is dissolved in acetone (180mL) and water (60mL) mixed solvent
In, NBS (17.4g, 98mmol) is added, interior temperature rise to 40 DEG C of lucifuges is reacted 6 hours.After TLC detection raw materials almost react completely,
Room temperature is cooled to, 30mL solution of sodium bisulfite is added and reaction is quenched.Divide liquid, aqueous phase adds 200mL water, aqueous phase acetic acid second
Ester extracts (30mL × 4).Merge organic phase, washed successively with saturated aqueous common salt (30mL × 1), anhydrous Na2SO4Dry.Decompression is dense
Be reduced to dry, obtain formula (3 ') crude compound (white solid, 11g), mass yield 110% (relative to initiation material cholic acid).Production
Product directly cast single step reaction without purifying.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ 4.70 (t, J=10.2Hz, 1H), 1.40-
(d, J=6.2Hz, the 3H) of 1.22 (m, 9H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.84
3rd, the synthesis of formula (4) compound
Formula (3 ') compound (1g, 2mmol) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) and water (5mL) in the mixed solvent, adds one
Hydronium(ion) lithia (332mg, 8mmol), is stirred at room temperature reaction 16 hours.TLC detection raw material reactions are complete, add 2N HCl molten
Mother liquor pH is adjusted to 2~3 by liquid.100mL water is added, aqueous phase is extracted (20mL × 4) with dichloromethane.Merge organic phase, successively
Washed with saturated aqueous common salt (30mL × 1), anhydrous Na2SO4Dry.It is concentrated under reduced pressure, is dried in vacuo, obtains formula (4) compound (white
Solid, 0.78g), mass yield 78%.Product directly casts single step reaction without purifying.
4th, the synthesis of formula (5) compound
Formula (4) compound (404mg, 1mmol) is dissolved in diglycol (10mL), adds 98% hydrazine hydrate
(0.5mL, 10mmol), be heated to 120 DEG C stir 2 hours, be cooled to 70~80 DEG C, add potassium hydroxide (560mg,
200 DEG C are warming up to after 10mmol) to react 6 hours.After TLC detection raw material reactions completely, room temperature is cooled to, is poured into water
(150mL), adds 2N salt acid for adjusting pH to 2~3.Aqueous phase is extracted (20mL × 5) with dichloromethane.Merge organic phase, use successively
Saturated aqueous common salt (20mL × 1) washing, anhydrous Na2SO4Dry.It is concentrated under reduced pressure, silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH=10:1) it is pure
Change, obtain lithocholic acid (white solid, 356mg), mass yield 88% shown in formula (5).1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ3.61–
3.46 (m, 1H), 0.95 (t, J=3.2Hz, 6H), 0.69 (s, 3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ178.2,72.4,
57.9,57.5,49.0,43.9,43.6,41.9,41.5,37.3,37.2,36.7,36.5,35.7,32.3,32.0,31.2,
29.2,28.4,27.7,25.3,24.0,22.0,18.8,12.5。
The protection content of the present invention is not limited to above example.Under the spirit and scope without departing substantially from inventive concept, this
Art personnel it is conceivable that change and advantage be all included in the present invention, and using appended claims as protect
Protect scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of synthetic method of lithocholic acid, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps:
Step a):In a solvent, using the cholic acid shown in formula (1) as raw material, occur esterification with acid anhydrides, obtain formula (2) chemical combination
Thing;
Step b):In a solvent, oxidation reaction occurs in the presence of oxidant for formula (2) compound, obtains formula (3) compound;
Step c):In a solvent, hydrolysis occurs in the presence of alkali for formula (3) compound, obtains formula (4) compound;
Step d):In a solvent, in the presence of hydrazine hydrate and alkali huang-Minlon reaction occurs for formula (4) compound, obtains formula (5) institute
The lithocholic acid shown;
The course of reaction is as shown in reaction formula (I):
Wherein:R is-(CH2)2COOH、-(CH2)3COOH、-(CH2)4COOH or-PhCOOH.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step a), the temperature range of the esterification is 25 DEG C
~100 DEG C;The mol ratio of the cholic acid and acid anhydrides is 1:(1~3).
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step a), the acid anhydrides is selected from succinic anhydride, glutaric acid
Acid anhydride, adipic anhydride and phthalic anhydride.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step b), the oxidant is selected from PDC, PCC, CrO3、
NBS、NCS、NaClO、Ca(ClO)2And H2O2In one or more;And/or, the solvent is selected from tetrahydrofuran, acetone and water
In one or more.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step b), the temperature range of the oxidation reaction for 0 DEG C~
60℃;And/or, the mol ratio of formula (2) compound and oxidant is 1:(2~5).
6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step b), when oxidant is PDC, PCC, CrO3When, it is described
Solvent is tetrahydrofuran;When oxidant is NBS, NCS, NaClO, Ca (ClO)2And H2O2When, the solvent be acetone and water, its
Described in acetone and water volume ratio be (1~5):1.
7. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step c), the temperature range of the hydrolysis for 0 DEG C~
75℃;And/or, the mol ratio of formula (3) compound and alkali is 1:(3~10).
8. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step c), the solvent in tetrahydrofuran, water one
Plant or a variety of;And/or, the alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium acetate, tertiary fourth
One or more in potassium alcoholate, sodium tert-butoxide and caustic alcohol.
9. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step d), the alkali be selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide,
One or more in potassium hydroxide, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium acetate and caustic alcohol;And/or, the solvent is selected from a contracting diethyl two
One or more in alcohol, ethylene glycol and glycerine.
10. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step d), the temperature range of the Huang Min-lon reduction reaction
For 100 DEG C~200 DEG C;And/or, the mol ratio of formula (4) compound and hydrazine hydrate and potassium hydroxide is 1:5~20:5~
20。
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Cited By (5)
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CN108676049A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-10-19 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of preparation method of Austria's shellfish cholic acid, ursodesoxycholic acid and 7- Ketocholic acid |
CN112375117A (en) * | 2020-11-14 | 2021-02-19 | 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 | Preparation method of lithocholic acid and intermediate thereof |
CN112625079A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-04-09 | 江苏佳尔科药业集团股份有限公司 | Method for synthesizing lithocholic acid by taking BA as raw material |
CN115279889A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-11-01 | 庆应义塾 | Compositions for the production of bile acids |
CN115716857A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-02-28 | 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 | Refining method of lithocholic acid |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108676049A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-10-19 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of preparation method of Austria's shellfish cholic acid, ursodesoxycholic acid and 7- Ketocholic acid |
CN115279889A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-11-01 | 庆应义塾 | Compositions for the production of bile acids |
CN112625079A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-04-09 | 江苏佳尔科药业集团股份有限公司 | Method for synthesizing lithocholic acid by taking BA as raw material |
WO2021258723A1 (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-30 | 江苏佳尔科药业集团股份有限公司 | Method for synthesizing lithocholic acid with ba as raw material |
CN112375117A (en) * | 2020-11-14 | 2021-02-19 | 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 | Preparation method of lithocholic acid and intermediate thereof |
CN115716857A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-02-28 | 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 | Refining method of lithocholic acid |
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