CN107002612B - 具有改进的输送特性的燃料泵 - Google Patents

具有改进的输送特性的燃料泵 Download PDF

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CN107002612B
CN107002612B CN201580061299.4A CN201580061299A CN107002612B CN 107002612 B CN107002612 B CN 107002612B CN 201580061299 A CN201580061299 A CN 201580061299A CN 107002612 B CN107002612 B CN 107002612B
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petrolift
interior
seal
radius
piston
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CN107002612A (zh
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S·芙洛
J·科雷克
A·克劳泽
W·莫伊雷尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0054Check valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/025Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by a single piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/04Pumps peculiar thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46Valves
    • F02M59/464Inlet valves of the check valve type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/007Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0077Valve seat details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/02Pumps peculiar thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/102Disc valves
    • F04B53/1032Spring-actuated disc valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/1037Flap valves
    • F04B53/1047Flap valves the valve being formed by one or more flexible elements
    • F04B53/106Flap valves the valve being formed by one or more flexible elements the valve being a membrane
    • F04B53/1067Flap valves the valve being formed by one or more flexible elements the valve being a membrane fixed at its whole periphery and with an opening at its centre
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/143Sealing provided on the piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/04Fuel-injection apparatus having means for avoiding effect of cavitation, e.g. erosion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/26Fuel-injection apparatus with elastically deformable elements other than coil springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04Feeding by means of driven pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于输送燃料的燃料泵,该燃料泵包括活塞(2)和密封在内环形密封座(4)和外环形密封座(5)上的薄膜密封元件(3),其中满足下面的公式:(Ra2‑ra2)/(ri+L)2=ra/ri,其中,(ri)是所述内密封座(4)的内半径,其中,(ra)是所述外密封座(5)的内半径,其中,(Ra)是所述活塞(2)的半径,并且其中,(L)是所述内密封座(4)的外半径(Ria)和所述内密封座(4)的内半径(ri)之间的差。本发明还涉及一种用于运行燃料泵的方法。

Description

具有改进的输送特性的燃料泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于输送燃料的燃料泵,该燃料泵具有改进的输送特性,尤其在热燃料情况下。
背景技术
由现有技术在不同构型中已知燃料泵。当在抽吸过程期间出现压力下降,使得热燃料气化析出,并且气化析出的气体可能进入到燃料泵的输送室中时,在燃料泵中的问题尤其出现在热燃料的情况下。由此可能出现燃料泵输送特性曲线的明显下降。此外,通过在抽吸过程期间的不均匀的压力下降也可能出现提高的摩擦损失,这附加地还强化了该压力下降。
发明内容
与此相对,本发明的燃料泵具有这样的优点,即尤其能够在热燃料情况下实现改进的输送特性。在此,根据本发明一方面能够实现较小的压力下降,另一方面也能够在抽吸过程期间在活塞室中实现较均匀的压力下降。由此,在热燃料情况下尤其明显改进了燃料泵的特性,因为气化析出能够被避免。因此,输送特性曲线也能够在燃料温度不同的情况下尽可能保持相同。这根据本发明由下面来实现:燃料泵包括活塞和薄膜密封元件。在此,薄膜密封元件密封在内环形密封座和外环形密封座上。在此满足下面的公式:
(Ra2-ra2)/(ri+L)2=ra/ri。
在此,ri是内密封座的内半径,ra是外密封座的内半径,Ra是活塞半径,L是内密封座的外半径Ria和内密封座的内半径ri之间的差。由此实现,在燃料流入期间,在内密封座和外密封座上在施加过程中速度大小相等,使得在内密封座和外密封座上不存在不同的压力情况,使得不会出现燃料的气化析出。
有利的实施方式示出本发明的优选扩展构型。
对于燃料泵的特别紧凑结构而言,薄膜密封元件优选具有中心环形输送开口。输送开口优选居中地构造在薄膜密封元件上。由此能够实现无较大损失的输送。
此外优选,薄膜密封元件包括外保持区域和居中密封区域,这些区域通过连接臂、尤其弹簧臂相互连接。在此,薄膜密封元件固定在优选呈环形的外保持区域上。密封区域包括内密封座和外密封座。
根据本发明另一优选构型,输送通道的直径比中心输送开口的直径大,该输送通道在输送方向上直接布置在薄膜密封元件后面,并且燃料泵向该输送通道中进行输送。在此特别优选,内密封座的内半径ri与输送通道的半径相等。换言之,输送通道的外圆周优选确定了内密封座的内半径。
根据本发明另一优选构型,燃料泵还包括具有环形横截面的输入区域。由此能够保证较大的输入区域,使得在抽吸过程期间燃料泵的、用于完全充注的活塞行程能够保持较小。
优选,输入区域的环形横截面的面积在此大于内密封座和外密封座的面积之和。由此保证了,在抽吸过程期间,燃料在溢出内密封座和外密封座情况下的压力下降在两个密封座上尽可能大小相等或能够被最小化。
本发明还涉及一种用于运行具有活塞并且具有带有内环形密封座和外环形密封座的薄膜密封元件的燃料泵的方法。在此,该方法包括这样的抽吸燃料的步骤,使得在薄膜密封元件打开的情况下,燃料在内密封座上的通流速度与燃料在外密封座上的通流速度大小相等。由此,一方面减小了压力下降,另一方面在内密封座和外密封座的区域上不存在压力差,使得热燃料的气化析出问题不会出现。
进一步特别优选地这样构型本发明的方法,使得薄膜密封元件设置成用于在打开过程中保持粘贴在燃料泵的活塞上。由此实现最大的开口横截面。
进一步优选,薄膜密封元件在打开过程中从内密封座和外密封座同时抬起。
附图说明
下面参照附图详细描述本发明优选实施例。在附图中:
图1根据本发明优选实施例的燃料泵的示意性剖面视图,
图2图1的薄膜密封元件的示意性立体视图,
图3在图2中示出的薄膜密封元件的俯视图。
下面参照图1至3详细描述根据本发明优选实施例的燃料泵1。
具体实施方式
燃料泵1包括能在缸8中来回运动的活塞2。参考标记9表示复位元件,在该实施例中是柱形弹簧。
燃料泵1还包括薄膜密封元件3,该薄膜密封元件是片形元件并且在图2和3中被详细示出。薄膜密封元件3包括保持区域31,该保持区域呈环形地构造在薄膜密封元件的外圆周上。此外,薄膜密封元件3包括密封区域32,该密封区域被保持区域31包围。在密封区域32和保持区域31之间构造了三个弹簧臂33,这些弹簧臂使保持区域31与密封区域32弹动地连接。此外,输送开口30在中心居中地构造在薄膜密封元件3中。
尤其如图1可见,燃料泵1还具有内环形密封座4和外环形密封座5。
在此,内密封座4在薄膜密封元件3和衬套14之间构成。外密封座5在薄膜密封元件3和套筒15之间构成。在此,衬套14布置在套筒15内部(参见图1)。由此,在衬套14和套筒15之间得到环形输入区域7,燃料经过该输入区域被抽吸。
在衬套14中还设置了输送通道6,通过该输送通道来输送被置于压力下的燃料。
在此,本发明燃料泵1的功能如下。为了进行抽吸,活塞2沿箭头A方向抵抗弹簧元件9的弹簧力地运动。由此,薄膜密封元件3也沿箭头A方向运动,因为在活塞底部的区域中产生了负压。由此,薄膜密封元件3从内密封座4和外密封座5同时抬起。
由此,燃料现在经过输入区域7,如在图1中通过箭头B表示的那样被抽吸到形成的压力室中。在此,燃料在内密封座4上和在外密封座5上流过时的速度相等。由此,在抽吸过程期间在两个密封座4,5的区域中得到相同的压力比。因此,即使燃料具有预确定的高温度,也能够阻止气体从燃料中蒸发出来。
在到达上止点后,活塞2的运动方向反向,使得活塞又向衬套14方向返回地运动。由此,燃料通过设置在薄膜密封元件3中的输送开口30被输送到在衬套14中构成的圆柱形通道6中。这在图1中通过箭头C表示。
因此,根据本发明能够减小两个密封座4,5的区域中的压力下降。
通过构型具有弹簧臂33的薄膜密封元件3,薄膜密封元件3本身具有弹簧刚度。这样选择该弹簧刚度,使得液压力允许尽可能大的行程。特别优选,薄膜密封元件3在此在抽吸过程期间粘贴在活塞底部2上。
此外,燃料泵的构件满足下面的公式:
(Ra2-ra2)/(ri+L)2=ra/ri。
在此,ri是内密封座4的内半径,ra是外密封座5的内半径,Ra是活塞2的半径,L是内密封座4的外半径Ria和内密封座4的内半径ri之间的差。
在此这样选择在薄膜密封元件3和衬套14之间的内密封座4上的长度L,使得尽可能小地实施该长度,以便增大内密封座4的内半径ri(参见图2和3)。在此,尽可能大地选择外密封座5的内半径ra。在此,外密封座5的面积11和内密封座4的面积10之和大于环形输入区域7的面积13。
此外,在衬套14中的输送通道6的半径RF与内密封座4上的内半径ri相等。在此,输送开口30具有比输送通道6的横截面12小的面积(参见图1)。
因此,根据本发明能够保证明显改进的输送特性,尤其在热燃料的情况下。此外,根据本发明避免了,气体在抽吸过程期间从燃料中气化析出并且以不希望的方式聚集在活塞2上,这会明显减小燃料泵的输送功率。

Claims (11)

1.用于输送燃料的燃料泵,包括
-活塞(2)和
-薄膜密封元件(3),该薄膜密封元件密封在环形的内密封座(4)和环形的外密封座(5)上,
-其中,满足下面的公式:
(Ra2-ra2)/(ri+L)2=ra/ri,
-其中,ri是所述内密封座(4)的内半径,
-其中,ra是所述外密封座(5)的内半径,
-其中,Ra是所述活塞(2)的半径并且
-其中,L是所述内密封座(4)的外半径(Ria)和所述内密封座(4)的内半径ri之间的差。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料泵,其特征为,所述薄膜密封元件(3)具有环形的中心输送开口(30)。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料泵,其特征为,所述薄膜密封元件(3)具有外保持区域(31)和内密封区域(32),这些区域通过连接臂(33)相互连接。
4.根据权利要求2所述的燃料泵,其特征为,输送通道(6)的直径比所述中心输送开口(30)的直径大,所述泵向该输送通道中进行输送。
5.根据权利要求4所述的燃料泵,其特征为,所述内密封座(4)的所述内半径ri与所述输送通道(6)的半径相等。
6.根据权利要求 1或2所述的燃料泵,还包括具有环形横截面的输入区域(7)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃料泵,其特征为,所述输入区域(7)的环形横截面的面积大于所述内密封座(4)的面积(10)和所述外密封座(5)的面积(11)之和。
8.根据权利要求3所述的燃料泵,其特征为,所述连接臂(33)是弹簧臂。
9.用于运行根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料泵的方法,所述燃料泵具有活塞(2)和具有带有环形的内密封座(4)和环形的外密封座(5)的薄膜密封元件(3),其中,
-在薄膜密封元件(3)打开的情况下,燃料在所述内密封座(4)上的通流速度与燃料在所述外密封座(5)上的通流速度大小相等。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征为,所述薄膜密封元件(3)设置成用于在打开过程中附着在所述活塞(2)上并与所述活塞一起运动。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其特征为,在抽吸过程中,所述薄膜密封元件(3)从所述内密封座(4)和所述外密封座(5)同时抬起。
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