CN106994892B - 用于使动力传动系运行的方法和控制装置 - Google Patents
用于使动力传动系运行的方法和控制装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于使机动车的动力传动系运行的方法,动力传动系具有驱动机组(1)、变速器(5)和从动部(4),为了起动而使变速器的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)打滑地闭合,使得在闭合过程期间在所述切换元件上的打滑通过对切换元件的限定的压力操控而减小,在所述切换元件的闭合过程期间确定在所述切换元件上的差动转速或与该差动转速相关的参量,当差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或达到第一边界值时,便改变驱动机组(1)的转速,使得在限定的时间段之内差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第二边界值或达到第二边界值,第二边界值小于第一边界值。本发明还涉及一种用于使混合动力车的动力传动系运行的控制装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使机动车的动力传动系运行的方法。此外,本发明涉及一种用于使机动车的动力传动系运行的控制装置。
背景技术
机动车的动力传动系具有驱动机组、变速器和从动部,其中,变速器连接在驱动机组和从动部之间。变速器变换转速和转矩并且因此在从动部上提供驱动机组的牵引力需求。为了起动机动车,闭合起动元件,其中,要闭合的起动元件典型地是变速器的摩擦锁合的切换元件,该切换元件为了起动而这样打滑地闭合,使得在闭合过程期间在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件上的打滑通过对切换元件的限定的压力操控而减小,更确切地说如此之久,直至摩擦锁合的切换元件完全闭合并且在该切换元件上的打滑完全消除。据此,在起动过程期间,在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件上的打滑或者说差动转速(Differenzdrehzahl)减小。在起动元件上的差动转速减小时,经过共振临界的转速范围。为此,在起动过程期间动力传动系可被激励而共振振动,由此引起不希望的纵向振动以及不希望的噪声。
由WO2009/109822A1已知一种用于使混合动力车的动力传动系运行的方法,其中,混合动力车的驱动机组包括内燃机和电机,在内燃机和电机之间连接有构成为摩擦锁合的离合器的保持元件。为了避免可能由共振产生的振动和噪声,根据该现有技术提出,在连接在内燃机和电机之间的保持元件接合作用期间,使内燃机停机。
由DE 10 2005 036 518 A1已知一种用于车辆驱动系统的控制装置。根据该现有技术提出,在内燃机停机时通过如下方式减少共振现象,即,使电机的转速下降,以便使内燃机的转速快速地通过预定的共振转速范围下降到零。
发明内容
由此出发,本发明的目的在于,创造一种用于使动力传动系运行的方法和一种用于实施该方法的控制装置,借助该方法和该控制装置减少在起动时的共振振动。
所述目的通过一种如下所述的方法来实现。按照本发明,动力传动系具有驱动机组、变速器和从动部,为了起动而使变速器的摩擦锁合的切换元件打滑地闭合,使得在闭合过程期间在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件上的打滑通过对切换元件的限定的压力操控而减小,其中,在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件的闭合过程期间确定在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件上的差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量,当差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便改变驱动机组的转速,使得在限定的时间段之内差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第二边界值或者达到第二边界值,其中,第二边界值小于第一边界值。
通过按照本发明在起动过程期间影响驱动机组的转速,可以使变速器的用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件的差动转速在共振临界的转速范围内的停留时间最小。由此,动力传动系仅仅在很短的持续时间期间被激励振动,其中该激励对于引起纵向振动或声学噪声来说过短。
优选地,这样改变驱动机组的转速,使得差动转速或与该差动转速相关的参量在最小的时间段之内从第一边界值朝向第二边界值改变。以此能够特别有效地抵抗在起动过程期间不希望地形成纵向振动以及声学噪声。
根据第一个进一步改进方案,在驱动机组是电机的电动车中,或者在驱动机组包括电机的混合动力车中,使用电机来起动,当在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件的闭合过程期间差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便使电机的转速关于对于该电机的转速预设而改变。当在起动过程期间由电机提供驱动元件时,便使对于电机的转速预设改变,以便使用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件的差动转速在共振临界的转速范围内的停留时间最小。
根据第二个进一步改进方案,在驱动机组是内燃机的车辆中,或者在驱动机组包括内燃机的混合动力车中,使用内燃机来起动,当在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件的闭合过程期间差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便使内燃机的转速关于对于该内燃机的载荷预设而改变。当在起动过程期间由内燃机提供驱动力矩时,便在起动过程期间使对于内燃机的载荷预设改变,以便使用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件的差动转速在共振临界的转速范围内的停留时间最小。
按照本发明的用于使混合动力车的动力传动系运行的控制装置如下限定:在该控制装置中,动力传动系具有驱动机组、变速器和从动部,为了起动,控制装置操控变速器的摩擦锁合的切换元件打滑地闭合,使得在闭合过程期间在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件上的打滑通过对切换元件的限定的压力操控而减小,其特征在于,控制装置在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件的闭合过程期间确定在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件上的差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量,当控制装置确定差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,控制装置便操控驱动机组,使得在限定的时间段之内差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第二边界值或者达到第二边界值,其中,第二边界值小于第一边界值。
附图说明
优选的进一步改进方案由下面的说明中得出。依据附图更详细地阐述本发明的实施例,而不限于此。图中:
图1示出动力传动系的示意图;
图2示出用于阐明按照本发明的用于使机动车的动力传动系运行的方法的图表。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于使机动车的动力传动系运行的方法以及一种用于使机动车的动力传动系运行的控制装置。
下面参照图1和2详细描述本发明,其中,图1示意性地示出构成为混合动力车的机动车的动力传动系。在图1中示出的动力传动系的驱动机组1包括一个内燃机2以及一个电机3,在驱动机组1和从动部4之间连接有一个变速器5。
在图1的动力传动系中,电机3作用到变速器5的变速器输入轴6上,其中,内燃机或者说内燃发动机2也作用到变速器5的变速器输入轴6上,但内燃机2可经由分离离合器8与变速器输入轴6脱联。在分离离合器8打开时内燃机2与变速器输入轴6脱联,而在分离离合器8闭合时内燃机2耦联在变速器5的变速器输入轴6上。
按照图1,在内燃机或者说内燃发动机2与分离离合器8之间还连接有一个减振器9。
据此,在图1的动力传动系中,驱动机组1的内燃机2和电机3二者作用到变速器5的变速器输入轴6上。从动部4耦联在变速器5的变速器输出轴7上。
变速器5包括多个切换元件,其中,在每个挂上的挡中第一数量的切换元件是打开的并且第二数量的切换元件是闭合的。
为了起动,变速器5的一个摩擦锁合的切换元件10用作起动元件,该切换元件为了起动而打滑地闭合,亦即这样闭合,使得在起动过程或者说打滑的闭合过程期间在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的打滑通过对切换元件10的限定的压力操控而减少或者说降低,优选如此程度地减少或者说降低,直至在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速完全消除并且该切换元件便完全闭合。
用于摩擦锁合的切换元件10的压力操控的细节对于本领域技术人员来说是熟悉的并且无需详细阐述。
图1还示出一个控制装置11,该控制装置用于操控驱动机组1的电机3以及操控变速器5。该控制装置11可以是变速器控制装置或者也可以是混合动力控制装置。
下面出发点应该是,使用电机3来起动在图1中示出的动力传动系,亦即电机3在变速器输入轴6上提供所需的驱动力矩用以起动。在这里便优选打开分离离合器并且内燃机或者说内燃发动机2与变速器输入轴6脱联。
在图2中关于时间t对于一次起动过程示出多条在时间上的曲线历程。
例如,曲线历程12对应于用于起动的电机3的转速历程,如其根据现有技术被利用那样。据此,电机3的该转速历程12是指在驱动侧或初级侧作用在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的转速历程。
如已经说明的那样,在起动过程期间利用限定的压力操控来操控摩擦锁合的切换元件10,其中,在图2中曲线历程16表示摩擦锁合的切换元件10的从动侧的并且因而次级侧的转速的历程,该历程由于对于摩擦锁合的切换元件10的压力操控而在该切换元件上在从动侧并且因而在次级侧出现。
在时刻t1之前,摩擦锁合的切换元件10的驱动侧的并且因而初级侧的转速按照曲线历程12是恒定的,次级侧的或者说从动侧的转速按照曲线历程16由于对于摩擦锁合的切换元件10的压力操控而升高,从而在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的打滑或者说差动转速降低。
通过曲线历程13和14限定用于摩擦锁合的切换元件10的共振临界的转速范围,在该转速范围中动力传动系可被激励而共振并且因而发生纵向振动或声学噪声。间距Δ1表示摩擦锁合的切换元件10的次级侧或者说从动侧的转速16与该共振临界的转速范围的上边界13的间距,而间距Δ2表示摩擦锁合的切换元件10的从动侧或者说次级侧的转速16与该共振临界的转速范围的下边界14的间距。
在图2中,在时刻t1,在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速达到由共振临界的转速范围的上边界13限定的第一边界值,其中,在使用由现有技术已知的转速历程12的情况下在摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速在时刻t2才重新离开该共振临界的转速范围,据此根据现有技术在时间段Δt12期间动力传动系可被激励而共振振动,因为在时间段Δt12期间在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速处于由边界值13和14限定的共振临界的转速范围中。由此可能在动力传动系中引起纵向振动和噪声。
为了现在减小在变速器5的用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速的停留持续时间,按照本发明提出,在起动过程期间并且因而在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10的闭合过程期间,确定在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速或者与该差动转速相关的参量,然后当该差动转速或者与该差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,这样改变驱动机组的转速、亦即在所示的实施例中电机3的转速,使得在限定的时间段之内差动转速或者与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第二边界值或者达到第二边界值,其中,第二边界值小于第一边界值。
因此,除了电机3的由现有技术已知的转速历程12之外,图2还示出按照本发明的曲线历程15,该曲线历程表示在本发明意义上在起动过程期间电机3的转速。
当在起动元件上、亦即在摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速或者与差动转速相关的参量在时刻t3达到第一边界值时,亦即与差动转速临界的转速范围的上边界13相交时,便这样改变、即减小驱动机组的、即电机3的转速,使得在限定的由时刻t3和t4限定的时间段Δt34期间在起动元件上或者说在摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速达到或低于由差动转速临界的转速范围的下边界14代表的第二边界值。与现有技术相比,对切换元件10的压力操控保持不变,从而从动侧的转速16不变。
通过按照本发明减小电机3的转速,起动元件或者说摩擦锁合的切换元件10的差动转速在差动转速临界的转速范围内的停留持续时间据此仅仅为时间段Δt34,该时间段明显短于根据现有技术会形成的并且根据现有技术在起动元件或者说切换元件10上的差动转速会在共振临界的转速范围内停留的时间段Δt12。根据本发明产生的并且根据本发明在起动元件10上的差动转速在共振临界的转速范围内停留的时间段Δt34这样小,使得机动车不会被激励发生纵向振动。此外,在动力传动系中不会形成不希望的声学噪声。
当如参照图1和2描述的那样电机3用于起动过程时,当在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10的闭合过程期间差动转速或者与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便使电机3的转速关于对于该电机的转速预设而改变,更确切地优选这样改变,使得差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量在最小的时间段之内从第一边界值朝向第二边界值改变。
当为了起动过程不是使用电机3、而是使用内燃机2时,也可应用本发明。在这种情况下,当在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10的闭合过程期间并且因而在起动过程期间在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件10上的差动转速或与该差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或达到第一边界值时,使内燃机2的转速关于载荷设定而改变,以便也在最小的时间段之内使在起动元件上的差动转速从第一边界值朝向第二边界值改变。
按照本发明的方法由控制装置11实施。控制装置11承担在控制侧的实施,亦即操控参与按照本发明的方法的结构组件、亦即变速器5的起动元件或者说摩擦锁合的切换元件10和驱动机组1、在图1和2的实施例中电机3。控制装置11在闭合过程期间并且因而在起动过程期间确定在起动元件上或者说在摩擦锁合的切换元件10上形成的在切换元件10的驱动侧或者说初级侧的转速与从动侧或者说次级侧的转速之间的差动转速。当差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或达到第一边界值时,控制装置11便这样操控驱动机组1、亦即在图1和2的实施例中电机3,使得在限定的时间段之内差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第二边界值或者达到第二边界值,其中,第二边界值小于第一边界值。控制装置11优选是变速器电子控制装置亦或是混合动力电子控制装置,该控制装置据此通过操控参与的结构组件来实施按照本发明的方法。
附图标记
1 驱动机组
2 内燃机
3 电机
4 从动部
5 变速器
6 变速器输入轴
7 变速器输出轴
8 分离离合器
9 减振器
10 切换元件/起动元件
11 控制装置
12 曲线历程
13 第一边界值
14 第二边界值
15 曲线历程
16 曲线历程
Claims (8)
1.用于使机动车的动力传动系运行的方法,其中,动力传动系具有驱动机组(1)、变速器(5)和从动部(4),为了起动而使变速器(5)的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)打滑地闭合,使得在闭合过程期间在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)上的打滑通过对切换元件(10)的限定的压力操控而减小,其特征在于,在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)的闭合过程期间确定在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)上的差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量,当差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便改变驱动机组(1)的转速,使得在限定的时间段之内差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第二边界值或者达到第二边界值,其中,第二边界值小于第一边界值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,改变驱动机组(1)的转速,使得差动转速或与该差动转速相关的参量在最小的时间段之内从第一边界值朝向第二边界值改变。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在驱动机组是电机的电动车中,或者在驱动机组包括电机的混合动力车中,使用电机来起动,当在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)的闭合过程期间差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便使电机的转速关于对于该电机的转速预设而改变。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在驱动机组是内燃机的车辆中,或者在驱动机组包括内燃机的混合动力车中,使用内燃机来起动,当在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)的闭合过程期间差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便使内燃机的转速关于对于该内燃机的载荷预设而改变。
5.用于使混合动力车的动力传动系运行的控制装置(11),其中,动力传动系具有驱动机组(1)、变速器(5)和从动部(4),为了起动,控制装置(11)操控变速器(5)的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)打滑地闭合,使得在闭合过程期间在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)上的打滑通过对切换元件(10)的限定的压力操控而减小,其特征在于,控制装置在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)的闭合过程期间确定在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)上的差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量,当控制装置确定差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,控制装置便操控驱动机组(1),使得在限定的时间段之内差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第二边界值或者达到第二边界值,其中,第二边界值小于第一边界值。
6.根据权利要求5所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置操控驱动机组(1),使得差动转速在最小的时间段之内从第一边界值朝向第二边界值改变。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的控制装置,其特征在于,在驱动机组(1)是电机的电动车中,或者在驱动机组包括电机的混合动力车中,所述控制装置操控电机来起动,当所述控制装置在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)的闭合过程期间确定在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)上的差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便使电机的转速关于对于该电机的转速预设而改变。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的控制装置,其特征在于,在驱动机组是内燃机的车辆中,或者在驱动机组包括内燃机的混合动力车中,所述控制装置操控内燃机来起动,当控制装置在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)的闭合过程期间确定在用作起动元件的摩擦锁合的切换元件(10)上的差动转速或与差动转速相关的参量变得小于第一边界值或者达到第一边界值时,便使内燃机的转速关于对于该内燃机的载荷预设而改变。
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