CN106993546A - A kind of cow oestrus monitoring method based on the time of ruminating and activity - Google Patents
A kind of cow oestrus monitoring method based on the time of ruminating and activity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106993546A CN106993546A CN201710277184.XA CN201710277184A CN106993546A CN 106993546 A CN106993546 A CN 106993546A CN 201710277184 A CN201710277184 A CN 201710277184A CN 106993546 A CN106993546 A CN 106993546A
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- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 99
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015111 chews Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
- A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cow oestrus monitoring method based on the time of ruminating and activity, belong to animal individual sign monitoring field.Accurately judge the cow oestrus phase, be conducive to the becoming pregnant in time of milk cow, calving, improve lactation period and effectively improve production efficiency.The present invention ruminates time and activity information jointly and judges oestrus of milk cow by combined monitoring milk cow, the oestrus of milk cow is tentatively judged by the time of ruminating and activity information first, early warning is carried out to oestrus when the time of ruminating is less than setting thresholding and activity is higher than thresholding, then the specific time of cow oestrus is determined whether by activity information, estrus time hour can be specifically predicted.Judge the cow oestrus time by combining the time of ruminating and activity, detection probability can be effectively improved, and improve oestrous detection precision, so as to be become pregnant in time to milk cow, there is important directive significance to actual production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to animal individual sign monitoring field, and in particular to one kind passes through the time of ruminating and activity information phase
With reference to come the method that monitors cow oestrus situation.
Background technology
In Cow product, the oestrous detection of milk cow has critical role, accurately heat situation is judged, favorably
In the becoming pregnant in time of milk cow, calving, improve lactation period and effectively improve production efficiency.Traditional detection milk cow method is used mostly
Professional judges the heat situation of milk cow by observing, but this method has three below shortcoming：1. it is scientific low, only
It is subjective to judge by the experience of professional in itself, and just hold when the unfamiliar situation of professional occurs in milk cow
It is easily caused the faulty operation to milk cow；2. poor real, according to statistics, start the ratio of heat with night at dusk apparently higher than white
My god, the difficulty of the milk cow Artificial Diagnosis of night heat is very big, situation about can usually fail to report；3. workload is big, it is necessary to constantly
Observation, the monitoring to the individual heat of milk cow could be realized.Meanwhile, also have by monitoring milk cow activity or when milk cow ruminates
Between judge the heat situation of milk cow, but the activity of influence milk cow or ruminate the factor of time change and not only include hair
Feelings, it is also relevant with a lot of other factors, therefore judged by single factor milk cow whether heat, detection probability is not high enough, together
When can only probably estimate heat by ruminating and be in some day, and hour can not be accurate to.
A kind of patent of invention " method and device of continuous monitoring ruminant chewing activity " (publication number：
CN102577995A), a kind of method of continuous monitoring ruminant chewing activity is disclosed, this method uses automatic logging software
It is monitored with camera, it is necessary to which professional is analyzed its observed and recorded.This method efficiency is low, while needing multiple shootings
Head is monitored to all milk cows, it is impossible to realize the accurate monitoring to individual milk cow." one kind is based on milk cow activity for utility model patent
Measure the heat monitoring system of change " (publication number：CN204579481U), a kind of heat changed based on milk cow activity is disclosed
Monitoring system, the system realizes three kinds of different data acquisitions and transmission means, and judges milk cow by institute's gathered data
Heat situation.This method refers only to the difference of heat milk cow and non-heat milk cow activity, rather than tackles in single milk cow, due to
The difference of milk cow individual, easily causes error；And heat is only discriminated whether by activity, it is not accurate enough.
The present invention is handled by chewing the voice signal produced to milk cow, is identified and is ruminated signal, is counted in one day
Milk cow ruminates the time, and by defining activity threshold value to single milk cow, can be prevented effectively from cattle farm and unify activity threshold value
The error caused.By milk cow activity and the combination of time is ruminated, heat early warning can be carried out to milk cow, can also be in early warning
The time of cow oestrus is accurately found afterwards, to reach the purpose monitored to cow oestrus.
The content of the invention
In order to realize the accurate judgement to the cow oestrus time, and overcome the shortcoming of existing heat monitoring method, the present invention
Propose a kind of cow oestrus monitoring method based on the time of ruminating and activity.
Its technical scheme is as follows：
Step 1：By the sound pick-up outfit in milk cow worn, the voice signal that collection milk cow produces by chewing activity,
The activity information of milk cow is acquired by the pedometer bundled in milk cow leg simultaneously.
Step 2：The voice signal of collection is detected by energy measuring method and zero-crossing rate method, the letter that can be detected
It is number main to include ruminating signal, feed signal, drinking-water signal and interference signal etc., by carrying out Fourier's change to voice signal
Change, the frequency spectrum of observation signal, because three kinds of signals have different spectrum signatures, therefore can be identified from three kinds of signals anti-
Hay signal, wherein the spectrum signature of three kinds of signals is respectively：Signal frequency is ruminated more than 1 hertz, frequency stabilization, drinking-water signal frequency
Rate is less than 1 hertz, and frequency stabilization, feed signal and interference signal spectrum energy relatively disperse, and frequency is unstable.
Step 3：Obtain milk cow and ruminate time and milk cow activity information, according to the two information, judge whether milk cow sends out
Feelings.The step number for ruminating time and milk cow walking of milk cow always first in statistics twenty four hours, is less than setting when the time of ruminating
Thresholding and thresholding of the step number more than setting of walking, and the time was in milk cow should be in oestrus next time front and rear 4-5 days,
Early warning is carried out to heat, represents that milk cow is in proestrum, the time counting method of wherein twenty four hours is：0:00 to 24:
With the same day 12 between 00:00 to next day 12:Between 00, when meeting above-mentioned requirements using any time counting method, enter
Row early warning, the step number walked after early warning using hour as interval stats milk cow, when step number exceedes setting thresholding, judges now milk cow
Heat.
Can be more accurately to milk cow the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows the combination that time and activity are ruminated by milk cow
Carry out early warning and the judgement of accurate estrus time., can be with simpler effective simultaneously by the analysis and processing to voice signal
Differentiation ruminate, search for food, three behaviors of drinking water.Produced by by that to single milk cow given threshold, can avoid uniform threshold
Error, compared to traditional heat monitoring method, with higher efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cow oestrus monitoring algorithm flow chart
Fig. 2 is that milk cow chews the voice signal schematic diagram produced.
Fig. 3 is short-time energy and the short-time zero-crossing rate of signal in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is that milk cow ruminates signal, drinking-water signal and the schematic diagram for feeding signal.
Fig. 5 is the amplitude spectrum for ruminating signal.
Fig. 6 is the amplitude spectrum of drinking-water signal.
Fig. 7 is the amplitude spectrum for the signal fed.
Fig. 8 is to ruminate time acquisition figure.
Fig. 9 is interior one day after before milk cow ruminates total to ruminate the time.
Figure 10 is the milk cow activity curve map being in heat.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following instance is used for
Illustrate the present invention, but be not limited to the scope of the present invention.
A kind of cow oestrus monitoring method based on the time of ruminating and activity that the present invention is provided, algorithm flow chart is as schemed
Shown in 1, specific heat monitoring method mainly comprises the following steps：
(1) voice signal and activity information of collection milk cow.Can using SCR companies of Israel develop HR-Tag or
Other sound pick-up outfits of person gather the voice signal that milk cow produces by chewing activity, after HR-Tag is linked by special rope, Gu
The left side of milk cow neck is scheduled on close to left ear position, persistently listened to and remembered for the period with 2 hours by internal microphone system
Record voice data.Pedometer can be mainly used in monitoring using the pedometer of commercial type or the pedometer of oneself exploitation
The step number of milk cow walking, is bundled in milk cow back leg ankle portion, the activity information to milk cow is acquired by pedometer.
(2) analyzed and processed to gathering the voice signal come.Fig. 2 is that one section of milk cow of collection chews the voice signal produced
Schematic diagram, it can be seen that have three useful signals and lasting interference signal in Fig. 2, three useful signals are to ruminate letter successively
Number, drinking-water signal, feed signal.Fig. 3 is to ask for short-time energy and short-time zero-crossing rate to the voice signal of collection, works as alternative one
Reach the thresholding of setting, you can be judged as useful signal rather than interference signal, by this method can by three useful signals from
Extracted in voice signal.Fig. 4 is that milk cow ruminates signal, drinking-water signal and the schematic diagram for feeding signal, to these three signals
Fourier's change is carried out, obtained frequency spectrum is respectively as shown in Fig. 5~7.From the figure, it can be seen that drinking-water signal frequency is less than 1 hertz
Hereby, frequency peak is stable in 0.71Hz；Feed signal frequency unstable, have peak value in 0.11Hz and 1.07Hz；Ruminate signal
Frequency is more than 1 hertz, and frequency peak is stable in 1.19Hz.Therefore the different spectrum signature of three kinds of signals is passed through, it is possible to will be anti-
Hay signal distinguishing comes out, and statistics ruminates the duration.
(3) time ruminated by milk cow and milk cow activity information judge milk cow whether heat.The anti-of milk cow is obtained first
Hay time and milk cow activity information, defining the time of ruminating afterwards judges that heat warning algorithm, an activity judge milk
Ox heat algorithm, defines four Rule of judgment based on two algorithms, the heat feelings of milk cow is judged finally by this four conditions
Condition and whole heat stage to milk cow is monitored.
Obtain milk cow ruminates the time：Short-time energy such as Fig. 8 is asked for the signal of ruminating identified in step 2, phase is set
Thresholding is answered, only retains the time for reaching energy more than thresholding, it is t in figure to ruminate the time started1, the end time is ruminated in figure
t2, therefore the time of ruminating acquirement can be made the difference by both：T=t2-t1.Milk cow activity information can be directly by reading pedometer number
Value is obtained.
The time of ruminating judges heat warning algorithm：Intraday to ruminate the time general 380~530 in non-oestrus for milk cow
Minute or so (specifically the time of ruminating is different to the different milk cow of different phase), it is intraday when cow oestrus to ruminate the time
10%~30% or so can then be declined.The time of ruminating significantly reduces during due to cow oestrus, therefore can be by the beginning of the time of ruminating
Step judges the cow oestrus phase.Set a time threshold Tmin, represent heat early warning and ruminate the time, milk cow by the time of ruminating with
The comparison of the threshold value can carry out early warning to cow oestrus, and the algorithm can primarily determine that the date of cow oestrus, anti-by milk cow
The schematic diagram that the hay time carries out heat early warning is as shown in Figure 9.
Activity judges cow oestrus algorithm：Five thresholding variables, A are defined for every cow headaveIt is small for estrus 2
When activity average value；AminHeat incipient activity amount is represented, using AaveWith k product representation；AmaxRepresent heat peak period activity
Amount, uses AaveWith c product representation；The activity maximum for obtaining the non-heat of milk cow by many experiments is less than estrus 2 hours
Two times of activity average value, and activity during cow oestrus peak period is 3~5 times of estrus, thus k between 2~3 it
Between, c is between 3~5, and T represents estrus duration.Obtained by many experiments Monitoring Data at the end of heat peak period just
It is optimal breeding time when terminating preceding 1/3rd after 2/3rds times of whole oestrus T, i.e. heat.Pass through the work of one day
Momentum number is compared with above-mentioned threshold value, you can carry out early warning to cow oestrus, and the cow oestrus time is accurately judged.
The time of ruminating judges that heat warning algorithm and activity judge the combination of cow oestrus algorithm, Ke Yizhun more than
The estrus time of milk cow is really obtained, specific Rule of judgment is summarized as follows：
Milk cow early warning Rule of judgment：1.A ＞ AminAnd T ＜ Tmin, alarm sounds, and early warning may heat.
Cow oestrus Rule of judgment：2. Α ＞ Αmax, it is determined that heat.
Optimal breeding time Rule of judgment：3. as A ＜ Amax, and continuously less than up to one hour, when now for optimal breeding
Between.
Terminate estrus time Rule of judgment：4.A ＜ Aave, now heat terminated.
Be explained further the algorithm with reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, in statistics twenty four hours milk cow always ruminate time and milk cow
The step number of walking, is less than D in the thresholding of setting such as Fig. 9 when the time of ruminating1And walking step number is more than in the thresholding of setting such as Figure 10
A1、A22 points, and the time was in milk cow should be in oestrus next time front and rear 4-5 days, carries out early warning to heat, represents
Milk cow is in proestrum, and the time counting method of wherein twenty four hours is：0:00 to 24:With the same day 12 between 00:00 to
Next day 12:Between 00, when meeting above-mentioned requirements using any time counting method, early warning is carried out.With hour after early warning
The step number walked for interval stats milk cow, when step number exceedes A in setting thresholding such as Figure 103During point, now cow oestrus is judged；When
Movable numerical quantity reaches A in Figure 104During point, then optimal breeding time has been reached；When movable numerical quantity reaches A in Figure 105During point,
Terminate heat.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cow oestrus monitoring method based on the time of ruminating and activity, it is characterised in that：
Step 1：By the sound pick-up outfit in milk cow worn, the voice signal that collection milk cow produces by chewing activity, simultaneously
The activity information of milk cow is acquired by the pedometer bundled in milk cow leg；
Step 2：The voice signal of collection is detected by energy measuring method and zero-crossing rate method, the signal master that can be detected
To include ruminating signal, feed signal, drinking-water signal and interference signal etc., then be identified from several signals and ruminate letter
Number, and statistics ruminates the time；
Step 3：Obtain milk cow ruminate time and milk cow activity information, according to the two information, judge milk cow whether heat.
2. a kind of cow oestrus monitoring method based on the time of ruminating and activity according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：The method that signal is ruminated in described identification is：By carrying out Fourier transformation, the frequency spectrum of observation signal, root to voice signal
It is believed that number different spectrum signature, signal is ruminated so as to distinguish, wherein ruminating, drinking water and drinking the spectrum signature difference of feed number
For：Signal frequency is ruminated more than 1 hertz, frequency stabilization, drinking-water signal frequency is less than 1 hertz, and frequency stabilization feeds signal and dry
Disturb signal spectrum energy relatively to disperse, frequency is unstable.
3. a kind of cow oestrus monitoring method based on the time of ruminating and activity according to claim 1 step 3, it is special
Levy and be：It is described the time to be ruminated according to milk cow and milk cow activity information judges whether the method for heat is milk cow：Unite first
The step number for ruminating time and milk cow walking of milk cow always, is less than the thresholding of setting and walking when the time of ruminating in meter twenty four hours
Step number is more than the thresholding of setting, and the time is in milk cow should be in oestrus next time front and rear 4-5 days, and heat is carried out
Early warning, represents that milk cow is in proestrum, the time counting method of wherein twenty four hours is：0:00 to 24:Between 00 and work as
Day 12:00 to next day 12:Between 00, when meeting above-mentioned requirements using any time counting method, early warning, early warning are carried out
The step number walked afterwards using hour as interval stats milk cow, when step number exceedes setting thresholding, judges now cow oestrus.
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| CN109566453A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-05 | 深圳市云辉牧联科技有限公司 | A kind of cows heat exposure method and apparatus |
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| CN110728268A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-01-24 | 东北农业大学 | Milk cow rumination identification method based on decision tree classifier and bridle pressure envelope signal |
| CN111685060A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-22 | 彭东乔 | Method for recognizing oestrus behavior of ruminant based on artificial intelligence |
| CN114208714A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-22 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Neck-ring type wearable milk cow rumination behavior monitoring device |
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Application publication date: 20170801 |