CN106992565B - Constant-current discharging device for storage battery - Google Patents
Constant-current discharging device for storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN106992565B CN106992565B CN201710256620.5A CN201710256620A CN106992565B CN 106992565 B CN106992565 B CN 106992565B CN 201710256620 A CN201710256620 A CN 201710256620A CN 106992565 B CN106992565 B CN 106992565B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a constant-current discharging device of a storage battery, comprising: a resistor circuit and a control circuit; the resistor circuit includes: PTC resistor, resistance switch and fan assembly; the fan assembly is adapted to control the temperature of the PTC resistor that has been connected into the battery discharge circuit; the control circuit includes: a current detection end, a resistance switch control end and a fan rotating speed control end; the current detection end is suitable for detecting a discharge signal in the storage battery discharge loop; the resistance switch control end is suitable for outputting a first control signal of the resistance switch according to the discharge signal so as to control the opening and closing states of the resistance switch; the fan rotating speed control end is suitable for outputting a second control signal of the fan assembly according to the discharging signal so as to control the rotating speed of the fan assembly. The invention can realize constant current in the whole discharging process of the storage battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of storage battery circuits, in particular to a storage battery constant-current discharging device.
Background
It is well known that after long-term operation of lead-acid batteries, phenomena such as active material shedding, electrolyte drying, plate deformation, grid corrosion, sulfuration and the like often occur, so that the capacity of the battery is reduced and even the battery is disabled. Therefore, the lead-acid storage battery is subjected to the check discharge and the activation discharge test at proper time, and the method has important significance in checking the capacity of the storage battery and prolonging the service life of the storage battery. When the battery is subjected to the checkup discharge according to the maintenance requirement of the battery pack, the battery must be subjected to the constant current discharge according to a predetermined discharge rate.
At present, the common discharging devices in China are divided into the following two types:
(one) fixed resistance discharge
The structure of a discharge device of a fixed resistor of a storage battery is shown in fig. 1, wherein the discharge mode of the fixed resistor takes a thermal resistor as a load, and the electric energy of the storage battery is consumed in the form of heat energy to achieve the discharge purpose, and the heat dissipation generally adopts natural heat dissipation, air cooling and water cooling. The principle comprises that during discharging, the discharging current is controlled by switching in different numbers of resistors R1, R2, … and Rn, and the switches QF1, QF2, … and QFn are respectively used for controlling the switching-in conditions of the resistors R1, R2, … and Rn. But this approach has the following drawbacks: a) When the voltage of the storage battery is reduced, the discharge current is correspondingly reduced, and constant-current discharge is difficult to ensure; b) The device is easy to damage, short in service life and large in maintenance workload; c) The operation is greatly affected by weather, and the safety is low due to open fire; d) The volume is large.
(II) constant-current discharge mode based on IGBT power electronic technology
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a storage battery constant current discharge device based on a solid state relay technology is shown, the thermal resistor R1 is used as a load, a load branch is connected in series with an IGBT power tube G1, and a control system controls the turn-on and turn-off of the IGBT through an IGBT driving circuit. When the IGBT valve G1 is conducted, the load R1 is connected to the main circuit; when the IGBT valve G1 is turned off, the load R1 is disconnected from the main circuit. The PWM wave duty ratio of the driving circuit is changed through a PWM control technology, so that the turn-on time of the IGBT is regulated and controlled to ensure that the current of the whole system is kept constant. This approach has the following disadvantages: a) High-frequency harmonic waves can be generated at two ends of the storage battery during discharging, so that the power supply quality of the storage battery can be influenced; b) The power of the type of power valve required for control hardly meets the requirement because of the large power when the storage battery is discharged; c) The secondary power supply is needed to be powered by external commercial power; d) And the device is relatively large in size.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme of the invention provides a constant-current discharging device for a storage battery, which can solve the problem that the constant discharging current value cannot be ensured in the discharging process of the storage battery in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention provides a constant current discharging device of a storage battery, which is suitable for a discharging loop of the storage battery and comprises the following components: a resistor circuit and a control circuit;
the resistor circuit includes: PTC resistor, resistance switch and fan assembly;
the resistance switch is suitable for connecting the corresponding PTC resistor into the storage battery discharging loop when being closed and shorting the two ends of the corresponding PTC resistor when being opened, and the fan assembly is suitable for controlling the temperature of the PTC resistor connected into the storage battery discharging loop;
the control circuit includes: a current detection end, a resistance switch control end and a fan rotating speed control end;
the current detection end is suitable for detecting a discharge signal in the storage battery discharge loop;
the resistance switch control end is suitable for outputting a first control signal of the resistance switch according to the discharge signal so as to control the opening and closing states of the resistance switch;
the fan rotating speed control end is suitable for outputting a second control signal of the fan assembly according to the discharging signal so as to control the rotating speed of the fan assembly.
Optionally, the storage battery comprises a discharging end and a grounding end, the resistance switch corresponds to a plurality of PTC resistors, one ends of the PTC resistors are respectively connected with the discharging end, and the other ends of the PTC resistors are respectively connected to the corresponding resistance switches.
Optionally, one end of the PTC resistor is connected to the discharge end through a selection switch, and the control circuit further comprises: and the selection switch control end is suitable for outputting a third control signal to control the opening and closing states of the selection switch when the storage battery is discharged.
Optionally, the selection switch is a switching tube, and the switching tube includes a first input end, a first output end and a first control end; the first input end is connected with the discharge end, the first output end is connected with the corresponding PTC resistor, and the first control end is connected to the third control signal.
Optionally, the resistance switch is a solid-state relay, and the solid-state relay includes a second input end, a second output end and a second control end; the second input ends are respectively connected with the PTC resistors, the second output ends are connected to the ground, and the second control ends are connected to the first control signals.
Optionally, the control circuit further includes: a current sensor, an error amplifier and a PI regulator;
the current sensor comprises a current induction input end and a current induction output end, the current induction input end is suitable for being connected with a discharge signal in the storage battery discharge loop, and the current induction output end is suitable for being connected with the current detection end;
the error amplifier includes: positive end input, negative end input and error input, the PI regulator includes: an adjustment input and an adjustment output; the positive end input end is connected to a reference signal, the negative end input end is connected to the current detection end, the adjustment input end is connected to the error input end, and the adjustment output end is connected to the fan rotation speed control end.
Optionally, the control circuit further includes: and the adjusting output end is connected to the fan rotating speed control end through the power controller.
Optionally, the fan assembly includes: a direct current fan.
Optionally, the discharge signal is a discharge current, the first control signal is a control voltage, and the second control signal is a fan power supply voltage.
Optionally, the control circuit further includes: the driving circuit comprises a driving output end which is connected to the resistance switch control end;
the driving circuit is connected to an external selection button and is adapted to determine the discharge signal at the position of the external selection button to output the first control signal at the driving output terminal.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the technical scheme of the invention adopts PTC resistor as discharge load, and has excellent constant-current discharge performance and heating power adjustability; in the discharging process, when the voltage of the storage battery drops, the fan component and the resistance switch of the control circuit detection and adjustment resistance circuit are used for adjusting and adjusting the PTC resistance dissipation power, so that the dropping speed and the voltage dropping speed are kept consistent, and the current in the whole discharging process can be constant, thereby solving the problem that the discharging current value cannot be ensured to be constant in the discharging process of the storage battery in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is to control discharge current, and a solid state relay capable of controlling the PTC resistor to be connected into a storage battery loop is also arranged, wherein the solid state relay can control one PTC resistor and can also control a plurality of PTC resistors. When different numbers of loads are needed to be connected, the control circuit can control the corresponding solid state relay to work, and the connection of the PTC resistor is controlled through the closing of the solid state relay.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a selection switch control end which is arranged on each PTC resistor load branch and is connected in series with each PTC resistor load branch. The control terminal of the selector switch can be a direct current breaker for protecting the branch circuit from short circuit or overload.
When the storage battery constant-current discharging device in the technical scheme of the invention is used for discharging, the control circuit can control the operation of the solid state relays with different numbers so as to enable the PTC resistors corresponding to the solid state relays to operate, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy so as to discharge the storage battery constant current. And the control circuit adjusts the rotating speed of the fan to change the air quantity passing through the surface of the PTC resistor. In the discharging process, the control circuit detects the current, coarse adjustment is carried out on the discharging current by adjusting the opening and closing of the solid state relay, fine adjustment is carried out on the discharging current by controlling the rotating speed of the fan, and the coarse adjustment and the fine adjustment are mutually combined to enable the discharging current in the discharging loop of the storage battery to be kept constant.
The technical scheme of the invention is based on the application of the PTC resistor, and indirectly adjusts the air quantity of the fan through a PID control technology to ensure that the discharge current of the storage battery is constant; the technical scheme of the invention also uses the solid-state relay with short-circuit protection to control the loop access of the PTC resistor, and can realize the constant discharge current and the adjustment of the load resistance.
Drawings
Features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements, and in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a discharging device for a storage battery according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another battery discharging apparatus according to the prior art;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic diagram showing a characteristic curve between a temperature and a resistance of a PTC resistor according to the present invention;
fig. 3-2 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the PTC resistor according to the present invention;
fig. 3-3 are constant current control schematic diagrams of the constant current discharging device of the storage battery according to the technical scheme of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to the technical scheme of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to the technical scheme of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to the technical scheme of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to the technical scheme of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to the technical scheme of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to the technical scheme of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a seventh constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to the technical scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an application example of a constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an application example of a control circuit in a constant current discharging device of a storage battery according to the technical scheme of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The traditional storage battery discharging device adopts a resistance wire as a discharging resistor, and as the resistance value of the resistance wire is fixed, the discharging current is continuously reduced along with the continuous reduction of the voltage of a battery pack in the discharging process, so that the constant current in the discharging process cannot be realized, and the calculation of the capacity of the storage battery cannot be accurately reflected; in the discharging process, the resistance wire emits red light, and the safety coefficient is low.
The PTC heating material is a novel nonlinear resistance material, when the temperature reaches the Curie point, the resistance value of the resistance is increased sharply, and the temperature coefficient can reach 10-60%/DEG C (positive temperature characteristic). The temperature is controlled to achieve a regulation of the resistance (PTC effect), as illustrated in fig. 3-1, which illustrates a characteristic curve of the resistance of a PTC resistor versus temperature, wherein it can be seen that at a temperature Tmin, the resistance is at a minimum Rmin, at a temperature Tmax, the resistance is at a maximum and reaches Rmin, while between the temperatures Tc to Tp, the temperature rises substantially proportionally.
The dissipation power of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor is related to the ventilation quantity of the surface of the radiator, the dissipation power of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor and the voltage of the storage battery are kept to be changed according to the same descending trend by adjusting the ventilation quantity of the surface of the radiator of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor, the constant discharge current can be kept all the time, the ventilation quantity can be controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the direct current fan, and therefore the constant discharge current of the storage battery can be realized by the fan power supply for controlling the rotating speed of the fan.
The PTC resistor used in the technical scheme of the invention has the appearance shown in fig. 3-2, wherein the upper end of the PTC resistor is provided with 2 electrodes, the positive electrode can be connected with direct current after short circuit, and the other end of the PTC resistor is provided with one electrode, and the negative electrode can be connected with direct current. The designed working voltage can reach 600V (alternating current) at most, and the power can reach 4.5kW.
Fig. 3-3 are schematic block diagrams of the constant current discharging device for the storage battery according to the technical scheme of the invention. It can be seen from the schematic block diagram that when the storage battery pack is discharged, the discharging current is set through the constant current value selection knob, the control circuit determines the discharging voltage level and the discharging current through judging the position of the constant current value selection knob, sets the discharging current reference, inputs the discharging current reference to the same-phase end of the error amplifier, and simultaneously, the controller sets the corresponding solid state relay grid electrode control electrode voltage for controlling the corresponding quantity to be opened in a high level, and starts to discharge the storage battery pack. The current transformer connected in series in the discharge cathode loop of the storage battery converts the discharge current signal into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is sent to the inverting terminal of the error amplifier. After PI adjustment, the difference between the current value detected by the current transformer and the constant current reference value controls the voltage applied to the direct current fan, so that the rotating speed of the direct current fan is changed; after the rotation speed of the fan is changed, the temperature of the surface of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor radiator is changed along with the change of the rotation speed of the fan, and the dissipation power of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor is also changed along with the change of the discharge current; when the discharge current is similar to the set current, the output voltage of the fan power supply is not changed any more, and the discharge current is kept stable dynamically. The circuit breaker is used for protecting the PTC resistor branch circuit from short circuit or overload.
In order to better and clearly show the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A constant current discharge device 1 for a storage battery as shown in fig. 4, adapted to a discharge circuit of a storage battery, comprising: a resistor circuit 10 and a control circuit 11.
The illustrated resistor circuit 10 mainly includes a PTC resistor 100, a resistance switch 101, and a fan assembly 102 in a battery discharge circuit; the above-mentioned devices constitute the discharge portion in the discharge circuit of the battery.
Specifically, the resistance switch is adapted to connect the corresponding PTC resistor to the battery discharge circuit when closed and short-circuit the two ends of the corresponding PTC resistor when opened. In one example, the resistance switch is adapted to control a PTC resistor, the control terminal of the resistance switch is adapted to receive a first control signal, and to open and close according to the first control signal, if the resistance switch is closed, the PTC resistor correspondingly connected is connected to the battery discharging circuit, and the PTC resistor is used as a discharging load; if the resistance switch is turned off, the corresponding PTC resistor is shorted, and at this time, the corresponding PTC resistor does not become a discharge load, but is shorted by the discharge circuit. In another example, the resistance switch is adapted to control a plurality of PTC resistors, the plurality of PTC resistors controlled by each resistance switch are connected in parallel to the control loop, the control end of the resistance switch is adapted to receive a first control signal and perform opening and closing according to the first control information, if the resistance switch is closed, the PTC resistor connected correspondingly is connected in parallel to the battery discharging loop, and at this time, the PTC resistor connected in parallel is used as a discharging load; if the resistance switch is turned off, the corresponding parallel PTC resistor is shorted, and at this time, the corresponding parallel PTC resistor does not become a discharge load, but is shorted by the discharge loop.
More specifically, the fan assembly is adapted to control the temperature of the PTC resistor that has been connected into the battery discharge circuit. According to the technical principle of the technical scheme, the PTC resistor is made of a nonlinear resistor material, the specific resistance can be increased sharply along with the increase of the resistance temperature, and the temperature coefficient can reach 10-60%/DEG C (positive temperature characteristic). The technical scheme of the invention can control the resistance value of the load connected into the discharge loop by controlling the surface temperature of the PTC resistor. According to the technical scheme, the fan assembly is utilized to adjust the ventilation quantity of the surface of the PTC resistor radiator, so that the dissipation power of the PTC resistor and the voltage of the storage battery are kept to be changed according to the same descending trend, and the purpose of keeping the discharge current constant is achieved.
In one example, the air outlet of the fan assembly 102 is disposed opposite to the PTC resistor 100, and the rotation speed of the fan assembly 102 can be modulated according to the position of the air outlet and the required air volume, and the rotation speed of the fan is controlled by the second control signal. In another example, the fan assembly 102 may have a plurality of air outlets at different angles, which are disposed with respect to one or more of the PTC resistors 100, and then calculate the required air volume according to the positions of the air outlets of the fan assembly, and perform the rotational speed design of each fan, i.e. the required rotational speeds of each fan are different, but the rotational speeds of the fans may be controlled by the second control signal.
With continued reference to fig. 4, the illustrated control circuit 11 mainly includes: a current detection terminal 111, a resistance switch control terminal 112, and a fan rotation speed control terminal 113. Wherein the current detection terminal 111 is adapted to detect a discharge signal in the battery discharge circuit; the current detection terminal 111 may replicate the discharge current in the discharge circuit of the battery by a structure such as a current mirror, or may detect the discharge signal by detecting the voltage at an equal point to obtain the discharge voltage in the discharge circuit.
More specifically, the resistance switch control terminal 112 is adapted to output a first control signal of the resistance switch according to the discharge signal to control an on/off state of the resistance switch. The set of first control signals may be a set of voltage or current signals each controlling a control terminal of the resistive switch 101. In one example, the input of the discharge signal and the output of the first control signal are in a closed-loop control relationship, and the output of the first control signal can be regulated and controlled according to the control relationship between the PTC resistive load resistance and the discharge signal. The discharging signals and the resistance load in the storage battery discharging loop are in a proportional relation, the first control signal set is a set of a plurality of control signals for controlling the opening and closing states of the resistance switch, the resistance value set of the resistance load which can be connected into the loop under the control of the resistance switch is counted, the size of the discharging signals which are generated correspondingly to the resistance value in the corresponding resistance value set is calculated, and the corresponding relation between the signal value of the first control signal in the first control signal set and the discharging signals which can be generated can be deduced. When the difference or the difference ratio between the actually detected discharge signal and a certain first control signal corresponding to the discharge signal is included in a predetermined precision range, the resistance switch control end 112 outputs the first control signal. The control circuit 11 implements the above-described calculation flow.
Similarly, the fan speed control terminal 113 is also adapted to output a second control signal of the fan assembly according to the discharge signal to control the speed of the fan assembly. On the premise that the fan assembly is a fan, the second control signal is a current or voltage signal for controlling the rotating speed of the fan. In the case that the fan assembly is a plurality of fans, the set of second control signals is a set of current or voltage signals that control the rotational speed of the fans.
In one example, the input of the discharge signal and the output of the second control signal are also in a closed-loop control relationship, and the surface temperature of the PTC resistor can be adjusted by controlling the fan speed to control the fan air volume according to the variation characteristic function of the PTC resistor load resistance and the temperature, so that the output of the second control signal is regulated and controlled based on the control relationship between the discharge signal and the fan speed.
The manufacturer and the variation characteristic function of the PTC resistor are different according to different application scenarios, but the characteristic function is determined and does not belong to the scope of the scheme defined in the embodiment. The surface temperature of the PTC resistor under specific current can be counted under different air volumes of the fan, so that the specific load resistor in the loop is obtained by controlling the air volume of the fan, and the discharge current in the loop is kept constant. The control circuit 11 may derive a correspondence between a signal value of the second control signal and a signal difference between the discharge signal and the specific current, and when the actually detected discharge signal is the corresponding discharge signal, the control circuit 11 outputs the second control signal to adjust the fan air volume by comparing the difference between the discharge signal and the specific current. The control circuit 11 implements the above-described calculation flow.
Preferably, the fan in the fan assembly uses a direct current fan. The preferred selection mode of the corresponding signal source is that the discharge signal is a discharge current, the first control signal is a control voltage, the second control signal is a fan power supply voltage, and the selection mode of the signal source can simplify a circuit and is easy to compare and output signals.
The PTC resistor of the present embodiment may be a PTC thermistor. The dissipation power of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor is related to the ventilation quantity of the surface of the radiator of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor, the dissipation power of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor and the voltage of the storage battery are kept to be changed according to the same descending trend by adjusting the ventilation quantity of the surface of the radiator of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor, the constant discharge current can be kept all the time, the control of the ventilation quantity can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the direct current fan, and the control circuit can actually take the second control signal as a fan power supply for controlling the rotating speed of the fan through the output of the second control signal, so that the constant discharge current of the storage battery is realized.
In a variation of the present embodiment, reference may be made to fig. 5, in which a constant current discharge device 2 for a storage battery is shown, comprising: a resistor circuit 20, a detection circuit 21, a first control circuit 22 and a second control circuit 23. The function and structure of the resistor circuit 20 shown corresponds to the resistor circuit 10 in fig. 4, and the detection circuit 21 includes: the current detection terminal 211, the first control circuit 22 includes: the resistance switch control terminal 221, the second control circuit 23 includes: fan speed control end 231. The detection circuit 21 is configured to output the discharge signal at the current detection terminal 211, the first control circuit 22 is configured to output the first control signal at the resistance switch control terminal 221, the second control circuit 23 is configured to output the second control signal at the fan rotation speed control terminal 231, and the detection circuit 21, the first control circuit 22, and the second control circuit 23 respectively perform the function of detecting the discharge signal, the function of generating the first control signal based on the discharge signal, and the function of generating the second signal based on the discharge signal of the control circuit 11 in the present embodiment. The implementation mode of the technical scheme of the invention comprises the structural configuration mode.
In another variation of this embodiment, the resistive switch is configured to correspond to a plurality of PTC resistors. Referring to fig. 6, a constant current discharging device 3 for a secondary battery has a plurality of PTC resistors, namely, PTC resistors 1001, 1002, …, 100n (n is a natural number greater than 2), and a plurality of resistance switches, namely, comprises: the resistance switches 1011, 1012, …, 101m (m is a natural number greater than 2), fig. 6 is based on fig. 4. The storage battery comprises a discharging end and a grounding end, the resistance switch corresponds to a plurality of PTC resistors, one resistance switch corresponds to three PTC resistors in fig. 6, and the resistance switch can be set according to the needs in other examples: one resistance switch corresponds to two PTC resistors, one resistance switch corresponds to four PTC resistors, etc. One end of the PTC resistor is connected with the discharge end respectively, and the other end of the PTC resistor is connected to the corresponding resistor switch respectively.
In an application example of the embodiment, the resistance switch is a solid-state relay, and the solid-state relay includes a second input end, a second output end and a second control end; the second input ends are respectively connected with the PTC resistors, the second output ends are connected with the ground, and the second control ends are connected to the first control signals; in case of a plurality of resistive switches, the first control signal may be a parallel signal, wherein each bit signal is adapted to control the control terminal of one resistive switch.
In another variation of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a constant current discharging device 4 for a storage battery, fig. 7 is based on fig. 6, wherein one end of the PTC resistors 1001, 1002, …, 100n is connected to a discharging end of the storage battery through the selection switches 131, 132, …, 13n, respectively, and the control circuit 11 further includes: a selection switch control terminal 114, the selection switch control terminal 114 being adapted to output a third control signal to control the open and closed states of the selection switch when the battery is discharged. Specifically, the selection switch may be a switching tube, where the switching tube includes a first input end, a first output end, and a first control end; the first input end is connected with the discharge end, the first output end is connected with the corresponding PTC resistor, and the first control end is connected to the third control signal. In the technical scheme of the invention, the control end of the selection switch is arranged on each PTC resistor load branch and is connected in series with each PTC resistor load branch. The control terminal of the selector switch can be a direct current breaker for protecting the branch circuit from short circuit or overload. In a discharging state, the third control signal is constant to enable the selection switch to be in a closed state.
In another variation of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, a constant current discharging device 5 for a storage battery, which gives a specific implementation scheme of the control circuit, fig. 8 is based on fig. 4, and includes: a resistor circuit 10 and a control circuit 11', wherein: the control circuit 11' includes, in addition to: the current detecting terminal 111, the resistance switch control terminal 112, and the fan speed control terminal 113 further include: a current sensor 50, an error amplifier 51 and a PI regulator 52.
The current sensor 50 includes: a current sensing input terminal 501 and a current sensing output terminal 502, wherein the current sensing input terminal 501 is suitable for being connected with a discharge signal in the discharge loop of the storage battery, and the current sensing output terminal 502 is suitable for being connected with the current detection terminal 111.
The error amplifier 51 includes: a positive input 511, a negative input 512, and an error output 513. The PI regulator 52 includes: an adjustment input 521 and an adjustment output 522; the positive input 511 is connected to a reference signal, the negative input 512 is connected to the current detection terminal 111, the regulation input 521 is connected to the error output 513, and the regulation output 522 is connected to the fan speed control terminal 113.
In this example, the reference signal may be the particular current, i.e., the current used for the aforementioned difference comparison with the discharge signal. The PI regulator 52 is a linear controller that constructs a control deviation from the discharge current detected and output from the actual current sensor 50, and constructs a control amount by linearly combining the proportion (P) and the integral (I) of the deviation, which is used to set the generation of the second control signal in the control circuit, thereby controlling the target fan rotation speed. The linear combination constitutes a control amount by: and (3) inputting a characteristic function between the indicated temperature and the resistance value of the PTC resistor and a current difference value obtained by controlling the deviation, and evaluating the second control signal required to be output. Since the characteristic function between the indicated temperature and the resistance of the PTC resistor is known, a linear combination of the PI regulator 52 can be set, and if the requirement for the characteristic function is linear, a characteristic function of fig. 3, which is linear with respect to the characteristic curve of the PTC resistor, can be used.
In another variation of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, a constant current discharging device 6 for a storage battery is provided, which shows another implementation of the control circuit, fig. 9 is based on fig. 8, where the control circuit 11″ further includes: the power controller 60, the adjusting output end 522 is connected to the fan rotation speed control end 113 through the power controller 60, and the power controller 60 can obtain a voltage value meeting the fan control requirement by performing power conversion on the control quantity output by the adjusting output end 522, so as to smoothly control the fan assembly.
In another variation of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, a constant current discharge device 7 for a storage battery is shown in fig. 10, which shows the control circuit 11 based on fig. 4 3 In a further embodiment, the control circuit 11 3 Further comprises: a drive circuit 70, said drive circuit 70 comprising a drive output 71, said drive output 71 being connected to said resistive switch control 112. The driving circuit 71 is connected to an external selection button and adapted to determine the discharge signal at the position of the external selection button to output a driving control signal at the driving output terminal 71 for controlling the resistance switch control terminal. In fact, the constant current discharge device 7 for a storage battery shown in fig. 10 provides means for modulating the opening and closing of the resistance switch according to an external control signal.
According to the battery constant current discharging device 7 shown in fig. 10, the external selection button may be a "constant current value selection knob". When the storage battery pack is discharged, the discharging current is set through the constant current value selection knob, the control circuit determines the discharging voltage level and the discharging current through judging the position of the constant current value selection knob, sets the discharging current reference, inputs the discharging current reference to the same-phase end of the error amplifier, sets the corresponding grid voltage of the solid state relay to be high level, and starts to discharge the storage battery pack. The current transformer connected in series in the discharge cathode loop of the storage battery converts the discharge current signal into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is sent to the inverting terminal of the error amplifier. After the difference value between the current value detected by the current transformer and the constant current reference value is regulated by the PI controller, controlling the voltage applied to the direct current fan, so as to change the rotating speed of the direct current fan; after the rotation speed of the fan is changed, the temperature of the surface of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor radiator is changed along with the change of the rotation speed of the fan, and the dissipation power of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor is also changed along with the change of the discharge current; when the discharge current is similar to the set current, the output voltage of the fan power supply is not changed any more, and the discharge current is kept stable dynamically.
Fig. 11 is a main circuit diagram of an application example of the constant current discharging device of the storage battery pack according to the technical scheme of the invention, and the constant current discharging device comprises a quick connector, main circuit breakers (QF 01 and QF 02), branch direct current breakers (QF 1-1, QF1-2, QF1-3, …, QF26-1, QF26-2 and QF 26-3), PTC thermal ceramic resistors (RT 1-1, RT1-2, RT1-3, …, RT26-1, RT26-2, RT 26-3), solid state relays (Q1, …, Q13, Q4, …, Q26) and the like. The positive and negative cables of the storage battery are connected to the main positive and negative busbar through the quick connector and the main breaker, and the main positive and negative busbar is divided into a left busbar and a right busbar. The constant-current discharging device of the storage battery is designed with 78 PTC thermosensitive ceramic resistors which are divided into two rows, and 39 each row is respectively arranged at two sides of the discharging device; each PTC thermistor has a rated power of 4500W (wind speed of 4 m/s). For controlling the discharge current, 1 solid state relay is arranged in every 3 PTC thermal ceramic resistors. When different numbers of loads need to be connected, the corresponding solid state relay works. Each load branch is connected in series with a direct current breaker to protect the branch from short circuit or overload. When discharging, the control circuit controls the solid state relays with different numbers to work, the corresponding solid state relays are conducted to connect the PTC thermal ceramic resistor of the branch circuit between the positive bus and the negative bus in parallel, and then the PTC thermal ceramic resistor works to convert electric energy into heat energy. Meanwhile, the control circuit adjusts the wind speed of the direct current fan to change the wind quantity passing through the surface of the PTC thermal sensitive ceramic resistor. The solid state relay is used for coarse adjustment and the fan is used for fine adjustment, and the two are combined with each other to keep the current of the main circuit constant.
An application structure of the control circuit in fig. 12 is combined, wherein the control circuit is composed of a breaker QF08, a fan power supply U1, a control power supply U2, a human-machine interface HMI and a control unit MCU. The fan power supply U1 is used for generating 48V direct current to provide power for the direct current fan, and the input of the fan power supply U1 can be externally connected with 220V power frequency power, and can also use direct current of a storage battery pack. The control power supply U2 is a DC/DC module, and is used for converting direct current provided by the storage battery into 24V direct current for the human-computer interface and the control unit to work. The control unit MCU is used for controlling the on and off of the solid state relay, detecting discharge current and voltage, controlling the rotating speed of the direct current fan by detecting the current, and judging whether the discharge of the storage battery reaches a set value or not by detecting the voltage. The human-computer interface is a touch display screen, the discharge parameters of the storage battery can be selected through the interface, and the discharge termination time, the discharge termination voltage and the discharge capacity are set.
In the application example, the storage battery constant-current discharge device is provided with 32 direct-current adjustable-speed axial-flow fans in total, and when the upper cover plate of the storage battery constant-current discharge device is seen inwards, the 32 direct-current fans are equally arranged at two sides in the storage battery constant-current discharge device, and all the direct-current fans are arranged on the fan mounting plate.
The direct current fan is used for keeping the temperature of the surface of the PTC thermal sensitive ceramic resistor stable at a certain point; in the discharging process, the rotating speed of the direct-current fan is changed by adjusting the voltage value of the power supply of the direct-current fan, and the ventilation quantity of the surface of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor radiator is adjusted, so that the heating power of the PTC thermal ceramic resistor is changed, and the discharging current is stable.
The direct current solid state relay is used for controlling the PTC thermal ceramic resistor to be connected into a main circuit, is a contactless switch and is arranged between the PTC thermal ceramic resistor and the fan. Each storage battery constant-current discharging device is provided with 26 direct-current solid-state relays, the direct-current solid-state relays are divided into 10 groups, and the direct-current solid-state relays are controlled by a driving interface of a controller. A short-circuit protection circuit is designed in the direct-current solid-state relay, and when the PTC thermal-sensitive ceramic resistor has a short-circuit fault, the direct-current solid-state relay can be turned off instantaneously in the time before the protection of the branch circuit breaker occurs, so that the breakdown of the solid-state relay is prevented.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A constant current discharge device for a storage battery, adapted to a discharge circuit of a storage battery, comprising: a resistor circuit and a control circuit;
the resistor circuit includes: PTC resistor, resistance switch and fan assembly;
the resistance switch is suitable for connecting the corresponding PTC resistor into the storage battery discharging loop when being closed and shorting the two ends of the corresponding PTC resistor when being opened, and the fan assembly is suitable for controlling the temperature of the PTC resistor connected into the storage battery discharging loop;
the control circuit includes: a current detection end, a resistance switch control end and a fan rotating speed control end;
the current detection end is suitable for detecting a discharge signal in the storage battery discharge loop;
the resistance switch control end is suitable for outputting a first control signal of the resistance switch according to the discharge signal so as to control the opening and closing states of the resistance switch;
the fan rotating speed control end is suitable for outputting a second control signal of the fan assembly according to the discharge signal so as to control the rotating speed of the fan assembly;
the control circuit further includes: a current sensor, an error amplifier, a PI regulator and a power controller;
the current sensor comprises a current induction input end and a current induction output end, the current induction input end is suitable for being connected with a discharge signal in the storage battery discharge loop, and the current induction output end is suitable for being connected with the current detection end;
the error amplifier includes: positive end input, negative end input and error input, the PI regulator includes: an adjustment input and an adjustment output; the positive end input end is connected to a reference signal, the negative end input end is connected to the current detection end, the adjustment input end is connected to the error input end, and the adjustment output end is connected to the fan rotating speed control end;
the regulation output end is connected to the fan rotating speed control end through the power controller.
2. The constant current discharging device for a storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the storage battery comprises a discharging end and a grounding end, the resistance switch corresponds to a plurality of PTC resistors, one ends of the PTC resistors are respectively connected with the discharging end, and the other ends of the PTC resistors are respectively connected to the corresponding resistance switches.
3. The constant current discharge device for a secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein one end of the PTC resistor is connected to the discharge terminal through a selection switch, and the control circuit further comprises: and the selection switch control end is suitable for outputting a third control signal to control the opening and closing states of the selection switch when the storage battery is discharged.
4. The battery constant current discharge device of claim 3, wherein the selection switch is a switching tube, and the switching tube comprises a first input end, a first output end and a first control end; the first input end is connected with the discharge end, the first output end is connected with the corresponding PTC resistor, and the first control end is connected to the third control signal.
5. The battery constant current discharge device of claim 2, wherein the resistance switch is a solid state relay comprising a second input terminal, a second output terminal, and a second control terminal; the second input ends are respectively connected with the PTC resistors, the second output ends are connected to the ground, and the second control ends are connected to the first control signals.
6. The battery constant current discharge device according to claim 1, wherein said fan assembly comprises: a direct current fan.
7. The battery constant current discharge device of claim 1, wherein the discharge signal is a discharge current, the first control signal is a control voltage, and the second control signal is a fan blower supply voltage.
8. The battery constant current discharge device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit further comprises: the driving circuit comprises a driving output end which is connected to the resistance switch control end;
the driving circuit is connected to an external selection button and is adapted to determine the discharge signal at the position of the external selection button to output the first control signal at the driving output terminal.
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| CN108121329B (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2024-04-12 | 中国人民解放军第四三二八工厂 | Power supply vehicle data measurement and control system and method, power supply vehicle, computer system and medium |
| US11233282B2 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-01-25 | Makita Corporation | Battery-powered portable tool |
| CN113675909A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-19 | 深圳奥特迅电力设备股份有限公司 | Wide-range high-power discharge device and method |
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