CN106990973A - A kind of service software development approach of the value driving based on data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping framework - Google Patents
A kind of service software development approach of the value driving based on data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping framework Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
For the challenge of existing value driving type data, information and knowledge life cycle appraisal procedure, for the two-way assessment and control of design activity efficiency between detailed design activity and business model, the present invention proposes a kind of service software development approach of the value driving based on data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping, belongs to Distributed Calculation and Software Engineering technology crossing domain.On the basis of data collection of illustrative plates, the present invention analyzes the data observation in the analysis of software development activity need and collected.The present invention proposes use information collection of illustrative plates to solve the problem of incorrect Informationflow Control and information are lost in Outline Design activity.In the Requirements Modeling of detailed design activity, the present invention illustrates advantage of the knowledge mapping compared with UML in terms of requirement express, including to the integrality and coverage of requirement express in terms of.
Description
Technical field
The present invention be it is a kind of integrated data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping build processing framework on the basis of use
The service software development approach of value driving design concept, is come in abstraction development process using data, information and knowledge flow
Various data, information and knowledge are manipulated and usage scenario.It is proposed that by managing data and information reuse, redundancy and structure are come
The reliability and robustness of raising system.
Background technology
Software development is from the change produced till now after several architectures, from traditional architectural phase to base
In the architectural phase of component, then to the Services Oriented Achitecture stage, each change is provided to reply and is continuously increased
Software complexity.With the progressively expansion of software application scale, progressively deep, the software development complexity of application level
Increase.In face of software requirement complicated and changeable, development cost how is reduced, how to make full use of existing resource to improve software can
Reusability, become one it is in the urgent need to address the problem of.
Value driving design provides a framework to strengthen the system engineering flow of large scale system design, and software development is
The key of whole project system design.Before any project is carried out, it is necessary to set up the planning geared to actual circumstances and control program, make
Each side can carry out management project with enough authorities and certainty.In ontology, it is planned for information technology from business and implements
Coherent process include the observation and collection of data, from sender to recipient（It is probably people or machine）Information transfer and know
Know the basic conception activities such as creation.The surface that these basic activities are included in requirement profile is semantic, and it is artificial that accumulation is transferred to design
Product.While accumulation, also there are increment and commercial value balance between stakeholder.The present invention is by data, information and knows
The whole system design cycle of knowledge aspect be modeled as data sharing in data, information and knowledge life cycle, information transmission and
In the stage of knowledge creating control, it regard corresponding data, information and knowledge processing stage as atomic data, information and knowledge processing
Activity and state are refined, and these movable or states are associated with its influence to mass of system attribute, finally in terms of
Calculation mode is mapped to business value.
The content of the invention
Technical problem：Built it is an object of the invention to provide one kind in integrated data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping
Processing framework on the basis of use value driving design concept service software development approach, in order to maximize business profit energy
Power, is proposed on the basis of data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping, is bridged between implementing across economic planning and technology double
Designed to value driving, analyzed using data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping to including demand analysis, architecture design and
The problem of software development activity including Model Abstraction has a negative impact.
Technical scheme：The method of the present invention is a kind of place built in integrated data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping
Manage framework on the basis of use value driving design concept service software development approach, its target be for information technology in terms of reality
Apply offer to instruct and integrate, realize that coherent consistent data, information and knowledge are coordinated and powerful value-orientation adaptability, most
Improve to limits the interests of stakeholder side.
First, architecture
Fig. 1 is given on the basis of the processing framework that integrated data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping are built using value drive
The structure of the service software development approach of dynamic design concept, Fig. 2 gives the association of data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping
Relation, the present invention is based respectively on to the software development activity such as the demand analysis in software development activity, architecture design, Model Abstraction
Data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping are analyzed, and refine software development flow.
Illustrating for data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping is given below：
Data collection of illustrative plates：Data collection of illustrative plates can record the frequency of keyword appearance, including structure, the frequency of three levels of time and space
Degree.Our definition structure frequency appear in the number of times in different pieces of information structure for data, and time frequency is the time locus of data,
Spatial frequency is defined as the space tracking of data.The close journey associated between the node of each in figure can be described on data collection of illustrative plates
Degree is density, can reflect which data contact is close, which data contact is sparse.But the standard on data collection of illustrative plates not to data
True property is analyzed, in fact it could happen that the data of different names but agree implication, i.e. data redundancy.To sum up, data collection of illustrative plates
Static analysis can be carried out to data, it is impossible to the dynamic change of analysis and prediction data.
Data are the basic individual items of the numeral or other types information obtained by observing, but in no context
In the case of linguistic context, themselves is nonsensical.Data collection of illustrative plates can pass through the data knot such as array, chained list, queue, tree, stack, figure
Structure is expressed.On data collection of illustrative plates, by calculating the frequency of data, support and confidence level of the data on data collection of illustrative plates are drawn
Come deletion error or hash, the condition of deletion is the threshold requirement that must simultaneously meet support and confidence level, threshold value mistake
The big accuracy for being unfavorable for collection of illustrative plates expression, it is too small to be unfavorable for the integrality of expression, can be according to the result for calculating collection of illustrative plates feedback
Information is dynamically adjusted.
Information Atlas：Information is passed on by the context of data and data after combination, is mapped by concept
The information of suitable analysis and explanation after being connected with dependency relation.Information Atlas can be expressed by relational database.
Data cleansing can be carried out on Information Atlas, redundant data is eliminated, preliminary abstract, raising is carried out according to the interactive degree between entity
The cohesion of design, reduces the degree of coupling.By drawing a circle to approve certain amount of entity, internal interactive degree and outside interactive degree are calculated, it is interior
Poly- property cohesion is equal to the ratio of internal interactive degree and outside interactive degree, and we must be configured between setting drawn a circle to approve entity
One connected graph.
Knowledge mapping：Knowledge is the overall understanding and consciousness obtained from the information of accumulation, information is carried out further
Abstract and classification can form knowledge.Knowledge mapping can be expressed by the digraph comprising relation between node and node.
Knowledge mapping can express various semantic relations, and knowledge mapping can be improved by information inference and entity link on knowledge mapping
Side density and node density, knowledge mapping causes its own can be with seamless link without architectural characteristic.Information inference is needed
The support of dependency relation rule, these rules can be by people's manual construction, but often time and effort consuming obtains the institute in complex relationship
There is inference rule more difficult.At present, information inference depends on the co-occurrence of relation, and is looked into automatically using association mining technology
Look for inference rule.The typical method extracted using relation rule implementation relation is had based on inductive logic program（ILP）Method,
Based on association rule mining（ARM）Method and paths ordering algorithm（PRA）, the method based on ILP and the method based on ARM
It has in common that and some rules is extracted from knowledge mapping by excavating, then these rules is applied on knowledge mapping,
So as to release new relation.PRA uses each different relation path as one-dimensional characteristic, big by being built in knowledge mapping
The relation path of amount extracts relation to build the characteristic vector and relation grader of relation classification, and the correctness of relation exceedes certain
Think that new relation is set up after one threshold value.
2nd, the realization of the service software development approach of the value driving based on data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping
With application scheme
1st, the meta-model of modeling process
Invention creates a metadata flow, from the abstract transfer data of Demand-side, information and knowledge are planned for clothes from business
Business combination, gradually, each design activity meets Expected Results to the desired model workpiece that reflection stakeholder is implementing
Or deviate ideal effect.In the software collaboration developing network of customization, conjunction between participant is realized by exchanging various workpiece
Make.In addition, development process is made up of the work that a workpiece is converted to another or one group of new workpiece participant.In this process
In, it may occur that below in connection with data, the situation of information and knowledge：
（1）Data, information and the knowledge indicated by original workpiece keeps effective in the workpiece of generation；
（2）Lack data, information and knowledge in the workpiece of generation；
（3）The excessive data not included in original workpiece, information and knowledge are introduced in produced workpiece.
The use of data, information and knowledge is with using data, and the theme that information and knowledge solve problem is closely related.This hair
Clearly determining following facts can influence data, information and knowledge to use the general of data during activity, information and knowledge exchange process
Value：
（1）In data, in terms of information and knowledge
（a）Where seek data, information and knowledge resource to realize specific function；
（b）What data, information and knowledge are actually useful；
（c）Weigh the cost for obtaining related data, information and knowledge；
（2）In design activity；
（a）Data, information and the knowledge that activity comes between source and target are inconsistent；
（b）The data come between source and target of activity, the integrality of information and knowledge；
（c）To the misunderstanding of moving target（Time requirement, cost requirement etc.）；
（d）The reusability of data, information and knowledge；
（e）The efficiency of data, information and review/tissue；
（f）The validity that data, information and knowledge are used.
Software and services Development Life Cycle specifies the interaction between participant.In terms of data, information and Knowledge conversion,
Each stakeholder or participant receive data, information and the knowledge of true-to-shape in data, information and knowledge source, and produce
Target data, information and the knowledge of specified type.In this case, we determined that with properties：
（1）The ability of stakeholder's processing information type is different；
（2）Cost or human resources increase can be caused by introducing the uncomprehending information of shareholder；
（3）Stakeholder can produce the information that can not be effectively handled or change.
Model quality metric
The present invention proposes that from data sharing the angle of information communication and Knowledge Creation is to the efficiency of design and the computer of correctness
System is modeled, to supplement value calculation.The correctness of actual design is expressed as below the present invention：
（1）The percentage of the anticipatory data/information/knowledge for percentage of head rice=shifted；
（2）The error rate of data, information and knowledge represents the reliability of the data/information/Knowledge Conversion completed；
（3）Increment=scale（User | market）* percentage of head rice * reuses rate *（1- error rates）/ redundancy rate.
Beneficial effect：
The present invention propose it is a kind of integrated data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping build processing framework on the basis of use
The service software development approach method of value driving design concept, it is therefore an objective to based on data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping
On the basis of, two-way value driving design is bridged between implementing across economic planning and technology, so as to maximize business profit energy
Power.The invention has the advantages that：
1）Across good economic knowledge and design experiences, value-added doulbe-sides' victory service can be provided for all stakeholder mixed
Staple border, in order to which stakeholder can spend least cost, but obtains relatively optional service；
2）Compared with CMMI, CMMI pays close attention to management from the angle of refinement, and the present invention forms closed loop from the top of commercial designs
To realize details；
3）Software development activity has been refined from the angle of data, information and knowledge, has effectively solved what is occurred in software development process
The problems such as data message knowledge redundancy, useless, mistake and improper control.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be based on the basis of the processing framework that integrated data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping are built use valency
The service software development approach structure of value driving design concept.
Fig. 2 is the incidence relation example of data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping.
Fig. 3 is redundancy and hash example in demand analysis.
Fig. 4 is that Informationflow Control is improper in Outline Design and information loses example.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of on the basis of the processing framework that integrated data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping are built
Using the service software development approach of value driving design concept, to the demand analysis in software development activity, Outline Design and
Detailed design activity is based respectively on data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping and analyzed, and refines software development flow.
The observation and collection of data in one, demand analysis activities
Requirement developing process is generally divided into demand acquisition, and requirement profile and requirements verification four-stage are write in demand analysis.Demand
The main task of acquisition is to understand type and the business scope of user, and determines total system target and work according to the requirement of user
Make scope.The present invention simulates requirement developing process using data collection of illustrative plates, searches the data for having negative effect to exploitation.
It is useless that the present invention, which limits some data, because it had both been unfavorable for actively setting up necessary mid-module or target
Model, is also unfavorable for the negative construction for implementing to be proved by wrong data.Introducing useless data needs extra effort, resource and
Time cost.The special circumstances of hash are that useful data are unnecessary, but are repeatedly created, and introduce and store.Nothing
The data generated during being modeled as participant's activity with data, but it is invalid to follow-up activities.Used for ideal needs in model
The data to be reused, will maximize it and use and occur, and repeat to create while minimizing it.Fig. 3 shows demand analysis
Data sharing situation in journey.The content that black surround content is represented in the design activity and black ellipse frame of software development represents data
Produce.Because requirement tracking record does not influence on final activity, the out-degree of requirement profile is 1.In software design procedure
In also have the situations of some redundancies, they produce and collected repeatedly and unnecessarily identical data.In figure 3, active procedure
Examination ＆ verification and procedure quality, which are analyzed, to produce the unnecessary examination report made repeatedly.Each activity should be equipped with the execution time,
But the present invention is not shown in figure 3.
Informationflow Control in two, architecture designs
From the perspective of information transmission, information flow needs to plan well, to avoid the inefficiency of such as order transmission, this
Sample allows for parallel schema, and vice versa.Incorrect information control and information are lost and will cause the delay of modeling activities even
Failure, and time span is by more than the expeced time in ideal process.Information stream transmission deficiency adds the pressure in terms of resource
Power, including storage and bandwidth.
1. inappropriate Informationflow Control
There are a variety of situations can be with optimal control flow.If for example, a movable execution is independently of the activity before it, i.e.,
Both execution is not present and performs dependences, be expressed as the output that a movable input does not include its preceding activity, then activity
Time started can move before it or afterwards.As shown in figure 4, movable " regular to inspect " and movable " issue track and solution "
Between execution there is dependence.Movable " regular to inspect " must occur before movable " issue track and solution ", because
Movable " regular to inspect " is the input " tracking and solution problem " of activity.But execution activity " writing testing scheme " independent of
Movable " writing Outline Design specification ", so the two activities can be performed parallel.So time span and resource pressure be just
It can reduce.
2. information is lost
Incorrect design may be from losing in the workpiece or the transfer process of transmitting procedure that stakeholder laterally implements
The situation of some data and information is lost.When select data shifted as stakeholder target when, data conceptually into
For information.Compared with preferable design process, demand is not realized completely, therefore information is lost and design can not be completed
Successful in terms of project, impossible finished item will be caused by losing some information.Information, which is lost, will cause information setting to be less than
Expected information.Information " Audit Report " should be transferred to " issue track and solution " activity in Fig. 4, it is possible that prematurely
It is dropped, because there are many intermediate actives between movable " criterion design review " and activity " tracking is solved the problems, such as ", and information " is examined
Report " does not influence on its follow-up activities.
Three, Knowledge Creations
Knowledge is by the information of user's proper treatment.When information is fully absorbed, it produces knowledge, changes individual to information
Psychology storage, and his development is benefited with the social development that he is lived.Knowledge refer to be used for produce " how " problem
The information of answer.In practice, knowledge is also used to construction activities, be " how ", " what ", " which ", " when " and " which
In " furnish an answer the problem of instruct.Knowledge is not directed through directly transfer or changes to constitute object module, but can patrol
The upper negative logic connection being used for exclusion function is collected to classify.Knowledge accumulation on object module can pass through entity and pass
It is reasoning to reduce the entity of direct construction system and the quantity of relation.Unknown message will a series of debatable possibilities/
It is proven in selection, these possibility/selections are needed by further data, information and the objective decision of review, or
Determined by stakeholder's subjectivity.Problem is extensive, the problem of handling is recognized in more abstract mode, each pattern is understood
How to be write with principle, and understand whether the problem of oneself will be solved meets AD HOC or principle depending on attempting asking for solution
Topic.Design pattern is high-level solution, with knowledge that problem is abstract, and the details of particular problem is not paid close attention to excessively,
What may change in solution application program, so as to select to can aid in the design pattern of software development.It is detailed in software
In design process, the integrality of requirement express can be improved by being modeled using knowledge mapping.In knowledge mapping, it can pass through
The new association that knowledge reasoning is set up between more multiple entity, so that the relation between extending entity, the edge for increasing knowledge mapping is close
Degree.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of set on the basis of the processing framework that integrated data collection of illustrative plates, Information Atlas and knowledge mapping are built using value driving
The service software development approach of meter theory, it is characterised in that carry out reducing data redundancy during semantic modeling and inconsistent to demand,
Strengthen the cohesion of modelling, improve development efficiency, comprise the following steps that：
Step 1）Service software exploitation requirement description is obtained, the demand of exploitation service software can be retouched by one or more clients
State, the demand of multi-source has redundancy and uniformity, if developer collects the demand of user, user group in the way of studying
Can be very big, description of the user to demand will be very chaotic；
Step 2）The requirement description obtained based on step 1, is extracted keyword and is expressed keyword in data in the form of node
On collection of illustrative plates, the frequency that every kind of keyword occurs is recorded, data collection of illustrative plates can record the frequency of keyword appearance, including structure, time
With the frequency of three levels in space, definition structure frequency of the present invention appears in the number of times in different pieces of information structure, time for data
Frequency is the time locus of data, and spatial frequency is defined as the space tracking of data；
Step 3）Time frequency, spatial frequency based on the data recorded in step 2 etc., total frequency of data is calculated according to formula 1
Total_frequency is spent, Tem_f represents time frequency, Spa_f representation space frequency：
(1)
Step 4）Total frequency of the data obtained based on step 3, data are calculated on data collection of illustrative plates according to formula 2 and formula 3
Support support (ri) and confidence level confidency with deletion error or hash, the condition of deletion is must be simultaneously
The threshold requirement of support and confidence level is met, the excessive accuracy for being unfavorable for collection of illustrative plates expression of threshold value is too small to be unfavorable for expression
Integrality, can according to calculate collection of illustrative plates feed back object information dynamically adjust：
（2）
（3）
Step 5）Based on step 4）Obtained data collection of illustrative plates, is cleaned to available data by domain expert or scholar, uniformly contained
The identical but different expression way data of justice, reduce the data that small frequency occurs；
Step 6）The Information Atlas obtained based on step 5, calculates the cohesion of connection node, according to formula 4 by entity cohesion
It is defined as the ratio of internal interactive degree and outside interactive degree,Degree EI Represent entity set and external entity after delineation scope it
Between interaction,Degree II The inside interaction between delineation entity is represented, in the calculating of outside interactive degree and internal interactive degree,
We have ignored the relation direction between entity, by the different connection entities with maximum cohesion with attribute after calculating repeatedly
It is integrated into the form of operation in same module, to strengthen the cohesion of model and improve the level of abstraction：
(4)
Step 7）Based on step 6）It may be deposited between obtained Information Atlas, the semantic relation improved between entity, atomic service
In choice relation, sequence relation, concurrency relation and mutex relation and such as "AND", "or", distance, logic such as " non-" is closed
System, can improve the side density and node density of knowledge mapping, knowledge graph on knowledge mapping by information inference and entity link
That composes causes its own can be with seamless link without architectural characteristic, and information inference needs the support of dependency relation rule, by pushing away
The correctness Cr for managing obtained new relation is calculated according to formula 5, the paths between P presentation-entity 1 and entity 2, Q tables
Show all paths,Training weight is represented, thinks that the relation is set up when correctness exceedes a certain given threshold：
(5)。
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