CN106989835A - Photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device and imaging system based on compressed sensing - Google Patents
Photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device and imaging system based on compressed sensing Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
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- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device and imaging system based on compressed sensing, is related to power spectrum detection technology field.Detection device includes detector array, amplifier, energy calibration device, single pixel threshold generator, threshold setter, comparator and pulse counter；Imaging system includes computer PC, irradiation x-ray source, rotation carrying apparatus and the above-mentioned photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device based on compressed sensing.The present invention can rebuild preferable X-ray energy spectrum, while accelerating picking rate, can be prevented effectively from the pile-up effect that can occur when being directly acquired with photon counting detector, and possibility is provided to carry out the full Spectrum acquisition of X-ray using photon counter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power spectrum detection technology field, more particularly to a kind of photon counting X-ray energy based on compressed sensing
Compose detection device and imaging system.
Background technology
CT imagings have become medical conventional equipment soon because of its high resolution, sweep speed, are risen during clinic diagnosis
Irreplaceable effect.But also there are many limitations in clinical diagnosis, it is impossible to meet demand and the doctor of clinic diagnosis
Expectation.Have that beam hardening artifact, dose of radiation be higher, soft tissue differentiation ability in current routine CT, and be only capable of carrying
For shape information, material and function information can not be provided the problems such as.With dual intensity CT appearance, above-mentioned one is efficiently solved
Divide problem.X-ray has continuous power spectrum, and the decay letter of abundant irradiated object is included through in the ray after material
Breath.Power spectrum CT is exactly to make full use of the dampening information enriched in X-ray, can effectively improve picture quality, obtain material into
Divide information, reduce dose of radiation, strengthen soft tissue contrast, comprehensive lifting CT image quality.
The key technology of power spectrum CT imagings is the detection for X-ray energy spectrum.At present, detector conventional power spectrum CT is X
Ray photons digital detector.Photon counting (photon counting) technology is applied to the detection of dim light earliest, by micro-
Amplification, examination and the processing of weak signal, realize the detection for extremely weak incident photon.Photon counting detector has photon gain
The advantage such as height, wide dynamic range, output brightness height, fast response time, the small and spatial resolution of distortion be high.Photon counting detector
By setting multiple electronics threshold values, recognize the energy information of incident photon and corresponded to different energy areas and counted respectively
Number, the X-ray Fen Neng areas of wider spectral distribution are counted, and obtain the imaging results in different energy areas.Photon counting detector
Need to be analyzed each incident photon as an independent event, and judge that its affiliated energy is interval, therefore, photon counting
Different interaction of photon with materials can produce superposition when rate is higher.Meanwhile, limited by electronics processing speed, photon meter
The energy area limited amount of number detector, and when incident light subnumber is very big, it is impossible to obtain preferable result.
Single pixel channel infrastructure with N number of energy threshold photon counting detector is as shown in Figure 1.Its work is former
Reason is as follows：First, when x-ray photon reaches photon counting detector, detector receives x-ray photon, produces photon thing
Part, the x-ray photon with certain energy makes detector produce electron charge by photo-event.Then, electron charge is being visited
Survey to electrode movement inside device, produce pulse signal.Afterwards, pulse height is compared with a given energy threshold.If
Pulse height is more than energy threshold, then, counter is counted, otherwise, and counter is without counting.Finally, digital-to-analogue conversion
The count value of N number of energy threshold channel counter is converted to data signal by unit, is read respectively.So as to single pixel passage
Detector is received after X-ray, will obtain the X-ray projection data with N number of energy threshold.If M*M pixel cell
The each probe access of photon counting detector has the structure shown in Fig. 1, will obtain M*M photon counting detector.
Although the advantage of photon counting detector is increasingly approved by people, the demand for medical application is still deposited
In some technical barriers.In X-ray/CT Medical imaging systems, need to capture substantial amounts of photon in the short time, it is desirable to have big
The information of amount is changed and transmitted and stored into computer, is had high requirements for electronics (ASIC).With N number of energy cut-off
The x-ray photon digital detector of value has the following disadvantages：Pile-up effect.
Pulse pile-up is always existed in photon counting detector system.It reflects the one of DCR and dead time
Individual performance.When photon counting detector records the energy of each photon with high-speed, distinguishing the different of X-ray spectrum can section, light
When subnumber is excessive, some respond consistent photon can be also considered same photon by detector, so as to cause counting rate to be lost
With spatial resolution distortion, this phenomenon is referred to as " pile-up effect ".
The content of the invention
For the defect of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection based on compressed sensing
Device and imaging system, based on compressive sensing theory, produce X-ray energy spectrum stochastical sampling threshold value, under the sampling time of setting
X-ray to each stochastical sampling threshold value carries out photon counting, rebuilds the X to be detected using compressed sensing iterative reconstruction algorithm and penetrates
Line power spectrum, can be prevented effectively from the pile-up effect that can occur when being directly acquired with photon counting detector, to use light
Sub-count device carries out the full Spectrum acquisition of X-ray there is provided possible..
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device based on compressed sensing, including detection
Device array, amplifier, energy calibration device, single pixel threshold generator, threshold setter, comparator and pulse counter；
Detector array is classified as the plate detector including several pixels, is equipped with and puts accordingly for each pixel access
Big device, energy calibration device, comparator and pulse counter, the output end of each pixel access are all connected with each self-corresponding amplifier,
Each detector pixel can be detected through the x-ray photon after scanned decay, and generates detected radiation signal；
The other end of amplifier connects one end of energy calibration device；Amplifier is used for the faint spoke of detector array column-generation
Penetrate signal to be amplified, obtain the larger signal of amplitude；
The other end of energy calibration device connects an input of comparator；Energy calibration device is used to calibrate standard energy threshold
Signal after calibration, is then sent to by the corresponding relation between value pulse height and X-ray energy after amplifying through amplifier
Comparator；
Single pixel threshold generator connects one end of threshold setter；Single pixel threshold generator is used for according to compressed sensing
Principle produces single pixel Random sparseness sampling threshold matrix；
The other end of threshold setter connects another input of the corresponding comparator of each pixel access；Threshold setter
Single pixel Random sparseness sampling threshold matrix for single pixel threshold generator to be produced is applied to each detector pixel and led to
In the corresponding comparator in road；
The output end connection pulse counter of comparator；For each detector pixel passage, exported with threshold setter
Threshold value on the basis of, comparator is used for the amplitude height and threshold level of pulse signal that comparator probe is detected, if two
Person is equal, then the signal is output into a high level pulse by comparator, otherwise, comparator output low level pulse；
The high level pulse that pulse counter is used to export comparator is counted, and it is output as photon energy, is equal to
The quantity of the x-ray photon of threshold value.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection imaging system based on compressed sensing,
Visited including computer PC, irradiation x-ray source, rotation carrying apparatus and the above-mentioned photon counting X-ray energy spectrum based on compressed sensing
Survey device；The computer PC passes through netting twine and the single pixel threshold of the photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device based on compressed sensing
Be worth generator and pulse counter connection, detection device be in imaging system X-ray shine the visual field it is scanned after；Institute
State computer PC and produce randomness threshold packet transmission into the single pixel threshold generator of detection device, irradiation x-ray source sends X and penetrated
Line, through object after be irradiated in detection device, detection device according to computer PC transmit come threshold information progress data acquisition,
Then the data collected are sent to computer PC ends, X-ray energy spectrum is carried out using orthogonal matching pursuit method in computer PC
Reconstruction.
As shown from the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：One kind that the present invention is provided is based on compressed sensing
Photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device and imaging system, can rebuild preferable X-ray energy spectrum, accelerate the same of picking rate
When, the pile-up effect that can occur when being directly acquired with photon counting detector can be prevented effectively from, to use photon meter
Number device carries out the full Spectrum acquisition of X-ray there is provided possible.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the single pixel photon counting detector basic structure schematic diagram with N number of energy threshold；
Fig. 2 is that the photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on compressed sensing is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 is the photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection imaging system knot provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on compressed sensing
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that X-ray energy spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention detects flow chart；
Fig. 5 is X-ray energy spectrum reconstructed results curve map provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
In figure：1st, computer PC；2nd, x-ray source is irradiated；3rd, carrying apparatus is rotated；4th, detection device；5th, netting twine；6th, it is scanned
Thing.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment to the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is used to illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
A kind of photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device based on compressed sensing, as shown in Fig. 2 including detector array,
Amplifier, energy calibration device, single pixel threshold generator, threshold setter, comparator and pulse counter and.
Detector array is a plate detector being made up of 512*512 direct conversion detector pixel, each
The detectable x-ray photon passed through after scanned decay of pixel, and generate detected radiation signal.For each pixel
Passage is equipped with corresponding amplifier, energy calibration device, comparator and pulse counter, and the output end of each pixel access is all connected with
Each self-corresponding amplifier.
The other end of amplifier connects one end of energy calibration device；Amplifier is used for the faint spoke of detector array column-generation
Penetrate signal to be amplified, obtain the larger signal of amplitude.
The other end of energy calibration device connects an input of comparator；Energy calibration device is used to calibrate standard energy threshold
Signal after calibration, is then sent to by the corresponding relation between value pulse height and X-ray energy after amplifying through amplifier
Comparator.
Single pixel threshold generator connects one end of threshold setter；Single pixel threshold generator is used for according to compressed sensing
Principle produces single pixel Random sparseness sampling threshold matrix.
The other end of threshold setter connects another input of the corresponding comparator of each pixel access；Threshold setter
Single pixel Random sparseness sampling threshold matrix for single pixel threshold generator to be produced is applied to each detector pixel and led to
The corresponding comparator in road.
The output end connection pulse counter of comparator；Comparator is used for for each detector pixel passage, with threshold value
On the basis of the threshold value that device output is set, the amplitude height and threshold level of the pulse signal that comparator probe is detected, if two
Person is equal, then the signal is output into a high level pulse by comparator, otherwise, comparator output low level pulse.
The high level pulse that pulse counter is used to export comparator is counted, and counter is output as photon energy
Amount, equal to the quantity of the x-ray photon of threshold value.
It is a kind of to include the cone-beam CT imaging system of the above-mentioned photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device based on compressed sensing,
As shown in figure 3, including computer PC 1, irradiation x-ray source 2, rotation carrying apparatus 3 and the above-mentioned photon meter based on compressed sensing
Number X-ray energy spectrum detection device 4.Wherein, computer PC is visited by netting twine 5 with the photon counting X-ray energy spectrum based on compressed sensing
Single pixel threshold generator and the pulse counter connection of device 4 are surveyed, roentgenogram of the detector array in imaging system, which, to be regarded
After wild scanned 6.
In specific implementation, PC produces randomness threshold packet transmission into the threshold generator of detector, by scanned 6 (mould
Body or toy) it is positioned on rotation carrying apparatus 3, revolving table position is adjusted, makes scanned 6 to be in the X-ray scanning visual field.
Start turntable to rotate, open x-ray source 2 and detection device 4, X-ray is irradiated in detection device 4 through object 6, detection device
4, which transmit the threshold information come according to PC ends 1, carries out data acquisition, gathers scanned 6 and rotates 360 degree of data for projection, after by
The data collected are sent to PC ends 1, by cone-beam CT reconstruction algorithm, carry out the reconstruction of X-ray energy spectrum, reconstruct tomograph
Picture.
2004, it is one by Donoho and Candes et al. compressive sensing theories proposed and makes full use of signal openness
Or brand-new signal acquisition, the encoding and decoding theory of compressibility.The theory is pointed out, just data are fitted while signal acquisition
Locality compression, compared with traditional signal acquisition and processing procedure, under compressive sensing theory framework, sampling rate no longer depends on
In the bandwidth of signal, but it is decided by the structure and content of information in signal, this make it that the sampling of sensor and calculating cost are big
Big reduction, and signal Recovery Process is the process that an optimization is calculated.
The precondition of compressive sensing theory is that signal has openness or compressibility.If length is sampled letter for N's
Number X, is designated as X (n), n ∈ [1,2 ..., N], gives one group of sparse baseX can be expressed as ψTIt is linear
Combination, then
Wherein, s and X is that matrix is tieed up in N × 1, and ψ is N N matrix.Formula (1) shows that signal X is sparse on ψ.Signal exists
There was only k nonzero coefficient on sparse base, such situation belongs to strict sparse.In most cases signal can not be met, but as long as
Signal has compressibility, and signal can just be represented with approximation coefficient.The selection of sparse base, makes the sparse coefficient of signal as far as possible
Number is few, is so conducive to improving signal acquisition speed.Conventional sparse base has discrete cosine transform, Fourier transformation, small echo
Conversion etc..
It is not the important relationship of the sparse change of direct measurement signal in compressive sensing theory, but by the dilute of signal
Dredge conversion sparse projection and arrive sampled value y to the conversion incoherent calculation matrix φ of base ψ, that is, design one and the incoherent M of ψ
The observing matrix φ of × N-dimensional, wherein M ＜ N, then, the observation data y compared with low-dimensional just has：
Y=φ X (2)
Wherein, y is the dimensional vector of M × 1, and calculation matrix φ is M × N (M ＜ N) matrix.
With compressive sensing theory, for the single pixel passage of photon counting detector, M is produced by threshold generator
Individual x-ray photon energy threshold, detector is sampled the number of photons of M threshold energy of X-ray, with regard to that can obtain M energy threshold
Sampled point.According to threshold generator, what detector was directly obtained is M stochastic linear measured value, rather than primary signal N (M
＜ N) individual energy threshold, it all can compose sampling for X-ray and provide possibility.
According to compressive sensing theory, formula (2) can be converted into a l1The key to exercises of norm optimization problem formula (3).
argin||ψTX||1S.t.y=φ X (3)
Based on the optimization problem of formula (3), the algorithm for reconstructing occurred so far mainly has：Matching pursuit algorithm, convex relaxation
Method and combinational algorithm.The restructing algorithm of orthogonal matching pursuit is taken to obtain X-ray energy spectrum to rebuild in the present embodiment.Utilize compression
The theoretical of perception carries out X-ray energy spectrum and rebuild to not only increase collecting efficiency, and avoids and directly use photon counting detector
The pile-up effect that can occur when being acquired, possibility is provided to carry out the full Spectrum acquisition of X-ray using photon counter.
X-ray energy spectrum reconstruction is carried out using the above-mentioned photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection system based on compressed sensing
Method, as shown in figure 4, specifically including following steps：
Step 1：According to the theoretical foundation of compressed sensing, the random matrix of a Gaussian Profile is produced as measurement square with PC
Battle array, data acquisition is carried out according to the matrix；
Step 2：The energy threshold for inputting photon counting detection device by the obtained calculation matrix of PC in previous step is produced
In device, the threshold signal of generation sets device to be inputted after adjusting in the comparator of each pixel through energy threshold, to inputting each pixel
X-ray carry out signal acquisition；
Step 3：The signal that previous step is collected is transferred in PC, and X-ray energy is carried out using orthogonal matching pursuit method
Spectrum is rebuild.
Obtained reconstructed results are as shown in figure 5, the X-ray energy spectrum that the intensive curve with point in figure obtains for reconstruction, relatively light
Sliding curve is preferably former X-ray energy spectrum, and reconstructed results are ideal, and the method accelerates picking rate and effective
Avoid the pile-up effect of photon counting detector.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or which part or all technical characteristic are equal
Replace；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from the model that the claims in the present invention are limited
Enclose.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection device based on compressed sensing, it is characterised in that：The detection device includes visiting
Survey device array, amplifier, energy calibration device, single pixel threshold generator, threshold setter, comparator and pulse counter；
Detector array is classified as the plate detector including several pixels, and corresponding amplification is equipped with for each pixel access
Device, energy calibration device, comparator and pulse counter, the output end of each pixel access are all connected with each self-corresponding amplifier, often
Individual detector pixel can be detected through the x-ray photon after scanned decay, and generates detected radiation signal；
The other end of amplifier connects one end of energy calibration device；Amplifier is used to believe the faint radiation of detector array column-generation
Number it is amplified, obtains the larger signal of amplitude；
The other end of energy calibration device connects an input of comparator；Energy calibration device is used to calibrate standard energy threshold value arteries and veins
Signal after calibration, is then sent to and compares by the corresponding relation between degree of leaping high and X-ray energy after amplifying through amplifier
Device；
Single pixel threshold generator connects one end of threshold setter；Single pixel threshold generator is used for according to compressed sensing principle
Produce single pixel Random sparseness sampling threshold matrix；
The other end of threshold setter connects another input of the corresponding comparator of each pixel access；Threshold setter is used for
The single pixel Random sparseness sampling threshold matrix that single pixel threshold generator is produced is applied to each detector pixel passage pair
In the comparator answered；
The output end connection pulse counter of comparator；For each detector pixel passage, the threshold exported with threshold setter
On the basis of value, comparator is used for the amplitude height and threshold level for the pulse signal that comparator probe is detected, if both phases
Deng, then the signal is output to a high level pulse by comparator, otherwise, comparator output low level pulse；
The high level pulse that pulse counter is used to export comparator is counted, and it is output as photon energy, equal to threshold value
X-ray photon quantity.
2. a kind of photon counting X-ray energy spectrum detection imaging system based on compressed sensing, it is characterised in that：The imaging system bag
Include the photon based on compressed sensing described in computer PC (1), irradiation x-ray source (2), rotation carrying apparatus (3) and claim 1
Count X-ray energy spectrum detection device (4)；The computer PC (1) passes through netting twine (5) and the photon counting based on compressed sensing
Single pixel threshold generator and the pulse counter connection of X-ray energy spectrum detection device (4), the detection device (4) are in into
As the X-ray of system is shone after scanned (6) in the visual field；The computer PC (1) produces randomness threshold packet transmission described in
In the single pixel threshold generator of detection device (4), irradiation x-ray source (2) send X-ray, through object (6) after be irradiated to spy
Survey on device (4), detection device (4) transmits the threshold information progress data acquisition come according to computer PC (1), then will gather
To data be sent to computer PC ends (1), the reconstruction of X-ray energy spectrum is carried out in the computer PC (1) using orthogonal matching pursuit method.
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| CN111856485B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-04-26 | 深圳奥锐达科技有限公司 | Distance measuring system and measuring method |
| CN117148416A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 深圳翱翔锐影科技有限公司 | Pixel counting rate correction method for CdZnTe photon counting detector |
| CN117148416B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-01-19 | 深圳翱翔锐影科技有限公司 | Pixel counting rate correction method for CdZnTe photon counting detector |
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