CN106986608A - 新型无机隔热涂层材料 - Google Patents
新型无机隔热涂层材料 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 51
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims 6
- JWEWPDCILIRASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[O].[Cl] Chemical compound [Mg].[O].[Cl] JWEWPDCILIRASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WGKMWBIFNQLOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Cl] Chemical compound [O].[Cl] WGKMWBIFNQLOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular hydrogen;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[H][H] XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGWOWDFNMKCVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[Ti+4].[Ti+4] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Ti+4].[Ti+4] HGWOWDFNMKCVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011518 fibre cement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/30—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
- C04B28/32—Magnesium oxychloride cements, e.g. Sorel cement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00025—Aspects relating to the protection of the health, e.g. materials containing special additives to afford skin protection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- C04B2111/2038—Resistance against physical degradation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- C04B2111/82—Coloured materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
本发明基于波反射理论和无机材料组合开发了新型隔热涂层材料。所述涂层材料包含两部分：固体粉末和乳液。所述涂层材料主要包含带有填充气体的空心微珠(空心玻璃微珠和空心陶瓷微珠中的一种或多种)、二氧化钛、颜料粉末、磷酸盐(KH2PO4或NaH2PO4)、分散剂和氧化镁粉末以及氯化镁溶液。涂布之前将原材料均匀混合拌制。涂布后，该涂层材料将形成多层结构。根据波反射理论，如果两层固体材料的折射率n和厚度d满足关系n1d1+n2d2＝λ/4‑λ/2，其中λ为辐射电磁射线的波长，那么电磁波将被高度反射，同时包含在波中的热辐射能也将被高度反射。使用此精心设计的多层结构涂层材料，可将大部分热辐射能屏蔽于建筑物之外。将高热辐射反射率与涂层的低热导率相结合，使具有多层结构的新型隔热涂层材料具有十分显著的隔热(保温)效果。所述新型隔热涂层材料将不仅能节约能源和资源，而且还能在隔热(保温)研究领域中保持世界领先地位。
Description
本申请是以下申请的分案申请：申请日：2012年7月10日；申请号：2012102365773；发明名称：“新型无机隔热涂层材料”。
技术领域
1.工业和住宅建筑物的开发者和拥有者
据报道总结,2007年中国的总建筑面积已达到360亿平方米，其中主要包括工业和住宅建筑两者(Lang Siwei，China Academy of Building Research，2007)；并且总建筑面积每年增长约18-20亿平方米(国家部门的统计数据，2008)。预期在2020年总建筑面积将超过680亿平方米(标准和智能绿色建筑物报告,2008)。但是，大多数现有的建筑物和30％在建的建筑物均为高能耗建筑结构。毫无疑问，新型隔热材料在该市场具有巨大的潜在应用价值。通过利用本发明的涂层材料，以可接受及合理的成本，开发者可达到政府设定的节能目标。
2.高速铁路的拥有者(铁道部)
由于高速铁路采用连续轨道，太阳光照射产生的升温会使其产生很大的热应力。本发明的涂层材料有助于其降低温升。
3.管道的拥有者
在2005年，中国城市集中供热面积已覆盖11.08亿平方米(2005年中国统计年鉴)。在2008年，北京的城市集中供热管网长度已超过17000公里(北京发改委的统计数据，2009)。本发明的涂层材料将显著提高供热管网的供应效率。换而言之，供暖系统是本发明的涂层材料的潜在目标市场之一。
背景技术
数千年来，房屋结构的设计一直以因地制宜为原则。从一开始，热舒适度就一直是首要考虑的问题。为了让温度保持在人体舒适的范围内，已采取诸多措施来阻隔热量进入或流出建筑物。迄今已开发一系列材料用以满足隔热需求。在二十世纪七十年代能源危机之后，隔热材料的创新具有极大的战略重要性。
低热导率是传统隔热材料最为关注的性能之一。空气或其它气体通常具有较低的导热率，因此大多数传统隔热材料具有非常高的空隙率。换而言之，隔热材料的质量主体由许多小气泡组成。这一高空隙特性导致传统隔热材料的使用受到了一定的限制。
由于传统隔热材料的高孔隙率，它们中的大多数并不具备足够的力学强度用以支撑高强度的工作荷载。材料也会因受物理或化学破坏作用而失去原有的工作性能。因此，大多数传统隔热材料不具备良好的耐久性，尤其在磨损和不利的环境条件下，例如大气中的水汽和酸性气体。温度和相对湿度也会影响传统隔热材料的导热性能。一旦温度或湿度超过可接受的范围，材料的热传导将显著提高。可燃性是传统隔热材料的另一个显著缺陷。隔热材料表面须增加额外保护层用以抵抗火焰攻击或在高温中毒性蒸气的释放。这不但增加了传统隔热材料安装的复杂性，也提高了其应用成本。
传统隔热材料最为显著的缺陷是无法有效抵抗热辐射。实际上，太阳能仅以辐射方式跨越数百万公里的空间到达地球。根据电磁波理论，热辐射将引起分子振动，从而提高分子的温度。大多数常见的隔热材料都会吸收和传递90％的辐射能量。无论采取何种方式，辐射热都会在传统隔热材料的表面上产生或者通过材料传递至另一侧。传统隔热材料唯一能做的就是降低能量传递效率。因此，传统隔热通常被视为是一种被动的耐热方法。开发新型、主动、高效、容易加工且无毒无害的隔热材料将对传统隔热工业和市场产生深远的影响。
发明内容
为了克服传统隔热材料的缺陷，基于反射理论，采用无机材料开发了这种新型隔热涂层材料。该新型涂层材料含有以下主要组分：带填充气体的空心微珠(空心玻璃微珠和空心陶瓷微珠中的一种或多种)、基体材料和氯氧镁水泥(MOC)乳液，所述基体材料为二氧化钛粉末、粉煤灰、颜料粉末和磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)或磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4)粉末。该新型隔热涂层材料在涂覆后可形成多层结构。如果精心设计每个相邻层的厚度di和dj以及它们的折射率ni和nj以满足关系nidi+njdj＝λk/4-λk/2，其中λk为入射波k的波长，那么包含在k波中的热辐射能将被高度反射。通过多层结构和di和dj以及ni和nj的不同预期组合，可阻断大多数可见光和红外光波。因此，通过阻断这些来自太阳光波所携带的辐射热，从而使建筑物内部的温度保持在较低的值。此外，MOC的高热阻性和带填充气体的空心微珠(空心玻璃微珠和空心陶瓷微珠中的一种或多种)的低热传导性可进一步改进涂层材料的隔热(保温)性质。因此，所提出的新型隔热(保温)涂层材料在隔热上具有反射、折射和散热的复合作用。该新型隔热涂层材料不但有助于推动能源革命的进步，而且还能为工业和民用应用两者节约大量的资源和能量。
该新型隔热材料同时还具有其它优点。在建筑物外壁的表面上涂布涂层厚度仅为0.5mm-1.0mm便可达到十分良好的隔热(保温)效果。由于该涂层材料本身的无机特性，使其具有十分优异的耐高温性能和耐/防火性能。同时，无机材料的特性和良好的物理性能(例如高粘结强度)，也使该涂料层材料具有十分优异的户外抗老化耐久性能。因此，毫无疑问，比起目前的有机涂层材料，该新型隔热涂层材料具有更长的使用寿命。鉴于所用原材料均为无机材料，该新型隔热(保温)涂层材料未能检测到VOC，所以其也是一种绿色环保型涂料。
附图说明
图1新型隔热涂层材料。
图2该新型隔热涂层材料的多层结构设计。
图3加热测试装置示意图(标记点‘A’：用于测定板外表面温度的热电偶；‘B’：用于测定板内表面温度的热电偶)。
图4未涂和涂覆本发明涂层CBT的纤维水泥板的隔热性能比较。
图5涂覆本发明涂层CBT的纤维水泥板的太阳能反射率。
图6未涂和涂覆本发明涂层CB的纤维水泥板的隔热性能比较(CFCP-OS：未涂涂层的基准纤维水泥板外表面；CFCP-IS：未涂涂层的基准纤维水泥板内表面；CB-OS：涂覆本发明涂层的纤维水泥板外表面；CB-IS：涂覆本发明涂层的纤维水泥板内表面)。
图7涂覆本发明涂层CB的纤维水泥板的太阳能反射率。
图8未涂和涂覆本发明涂层CBY的纤维水泥板的隔热性能比较。
图9涂覆本发明涂层CBY的纤维水泥板的太阳能反射率。
具体实施方式
为了克服传统隔热材料的缺陷，基于反射理论，采用无机材料开发了该新型隔热(保温)材料。该新型材料具有以下主要组分：带填充气体的空心微珠(空心玻璃微珠和空心陶瓷微珠中的一种或多种)、基体材料和氯氧镁水泥(MOC)乳液，所述基体材料包括二氧化钛粉末、粉煤灰、颜料粉末、和磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)或磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4)粉末。该新型隔热涂层材料在涂覆后可形成多层结构。如果精心设计每个相邻层的厚度di和dj以及它们的折射率ni和nj以满足关系nidi+njdj＝λk/4-λk/2，其中λk为入射波k的波长，那么包含在k波中的热辐射能将被高度反射。通过多层结构和di和dj以及ni和nj的不同预期组合，可阻断大多数可见光波和红外波。因此，通过阻断由这些来自太阳光波所携带的辐射热，从而使建筑物内部温度保持在较低值。此外，MOC的高阻热性和带填充气体的空心微珠的低热传导可进一步改进涂层材料的隔热性质。因此，所提出的新型涂层材料在隔热上具有反射、折射和散热的复合作用。该新型隔热涂层材料不但有助于推动能源革命的进步，而且还能为工业和民用应用两者节约大量的资源和能量。
该新型隔热材料同时还具有其它优点。在建筑物外壁的表面上涂布涂层厚度仅为0.5mm-1.0mm便可达到十分良好的隔热效果。由于该涂层材料本身的无机特性，使其具有十分优异的耐高温性能和耐/防火性能。同时，无机材料的特性和良好的物理性能(例如高粘合强度)，也使该涂料层材料具有十分良好的户外抗老化耐久性能。因此，毫无疑问，比起目前的有机涂层材料，该新型隔热涂层材料具有更长的使用寿命。鉴于所用原材料均为无机材料，该新型隔热涂层材料未能检测到VOC，所以其也是一种绿色环保型涂料。
实施例1
所用的原料为MgO、MgCl2溶液、水、KH2PO4、带填充气体的空心玻璃微珠和二氧化钛。涂料配比如表1所示，标记为CBT。通过使用刮涂方法，将本发明的涂料涂布在尺寸为200mm×200mm×8mm的纤维水泥板表面上，其中涂层的厚度约为0.50mm。加热测试装置示意图如图3所示。在框架顶部安装275W红外辐射灯。将内表面覆盖银色反光纸的空心PVC管(φ200×～450mm)放置在灯的正下方，以增强在红外灯在样品上的辐射强度并产生均匀和稳定的温度场。在装置底部的木质箱(500×500×500mm)用于模拟暴露于太阳光下的屋宇。将待测的样品(200×200×8mm)放置在箱子顶部的开口部位，将箱子的外部和内部空间分隔。箱子上表面的其它部位用泡沫塑料和反光纸覆盖，以确保绝大部分热量仅从样品板传递至箱子内部。每次测试，采用2个热电偶来分别监测样品外表面(面对灯)和内表面(木质箱子内)的温度变化。通过由与计算机相连接的的数据记录器来记录温度数据。涂层隔热性能的实验结果如图4所示。该涂层材料的隔热作用从图4中清晰可见。未涂有涂层的基准样品CFCP与涂覆涂层CBT样品之间的外表面温差为9.65℃；未涂涂层的基准样品CFCP与涂覆涂层CBT样品之间的的内表面温差为15.32℃。根据ASTM E903-96，进行UV/VIS/NIR太阳能反射率测试，其结果如图5所示。由图5可以看到，可见光波和近红外波被极大程度反射。其它涂层性能均经过测试，所述性能为表面干燥时间、储存稳定性、耐洗刷性、耐水性、耐碱性、耐温变性、耐人工老化、红外发射率、VOC、抗细菌性、抗真菌性、吸水性、铅笔硬度、固体含量(按体积计和按重量计)、粘结性和可燃性。相应测试结果如表2所示。由表2可见，所检测涂料性能均能充分满足相应标准要求。
实施例2
所用的原料为MgO、MgCl2溶液、水、KH2PO4和带填充气体的空心玻璃微珠。涂料配比也如表1所示，标记为CB。通过使用刮涂方法，将本发明的涂料涂布在尺寸为200mm×200mm×8mm的纤维水泥板的表面上，涂层的厚度约为0.50mm。所用的隔热性能测试方法与实施例1相同。涂层隔热性能的实验结果如图6所示。由图6中可见，未涂有涂层的基准样品CFCP和涂覆涂层CB的样品之间的外表面温差为7.57℃，未涂有涂层的基准样品CFCP和涂覆涂层CB的样品之间的内表面温差为12.39℃。根据ASTM E903-96，进行UV/VIS/NIR太阳能反射率测试，其结果如图7所示。由图7可以看到，在可见光范围和近红外的光波被很好反射。CB的表面干燥时间为1小时58分，铅笔硬度为6H，耐水性合格(168小时)。
实施例3
所用的原料为MgO、MgCl2溶液、水、KH2PO4、带填充气体的空心玻璃微珠和黄色颜料。涂料配比也如表1所示，标记为CBY。通过使用刮涂方法，将本发明的涂料涂布在尺寸为200mm×200mm×8mm的纤维水泥板的表面上，涂层的厚度为约0.50mm。所用的隔热性能测试方法与实施例1和2相同。涂层隔热性能实验结果如图8所示。由图8中可见，未涂有涂层的基准样品CFCP和涂覆涂层CBY的样品之间的外表面温差为8.74℃，未涂有涂料层的基准样品CFCP和涂覆涂层CBY的样品之间的内表面温差为14.41℃。CBY的性质好于CB，但是稍低于CBT。根据ASTM E903-96，进行UV/VIS/NIR太阳能反射率测试，其结果如图9所示。由图9可以看到，本发明涂层具有良好的太阳能反射率，尤其是在可见光和近红外光范围。CBY的表面干燥时间为1小时47分，铅笔硬度为2，耐水性合格(168小时)。
表1.涂层实施例的配合比(％)。
表2.涂层实施例1(CBT)的性能总结。
Claims (11)
1.一种隔热涂层，所述涂层具有多层结构，包含带有填充气体的玻璃微珠和掺有添加剂的氯氧镁乳液混合物，所述多层结构中每两个相邻层间的组合满足nidi+njdj=λk/4-λk/2的要求，其中ni和nj为两个相邻层各自的折射率，di和dj为两个相邻层各自的厚度，λk为入射波k的波长。
2.权利要求1的隔热涂层，其中所述带填充气体的玻璃微珠的密度为0.1-2.6g/cm3。
3.权利要求1的隔热涂层，其中所述带填充气体的玻璃微珠在所述涂层材料混合物中的体积分数为0-80%。
4.权利要求1的隔热涂层，其中在所述氯氧镁乳液中，氧化镁与氯化镁的摩尔比为9-17。
5.权利要求1的隔热涂层，其中在所述氯氧镁乳液中，水与粉末的重量比率为0.3-0.9。
6.权利要求1的隔热涂层，其中所述氯氧镁乳液的固体体积含量为10-70%。
7.权利要求1的隔热涂层，其中所述添加剂包括粉煤灰、颜料粉末、磷酸二氢钾或磷酸二氢钠粉末中的一种或多种。
8.权利要求7的隔热涂层，其中所述磷酸二氢钾或磷酸二氢钠粉末为所述氯氧镁乳液中的氧化镁重量的0.1-5 %。
9.权利要求7的隔热涂层，其中所述颜料粉末为二氧化钛粉末，其添加范围为所述氯氧镁乳液的体积的0-20 %。
10.权利要求9的隔热涂层，其中所述二氧化钛粉末的添加范围为所述氯氧镁乳液体积的0-10 %。
11.权利要求1的隔热涂层，其中所述入射波k为可见光或近红外光。
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