CN106985896A - Plastics steering column - Google Patents

Abstract

There is the lightweight of first component (2) and second component (3) in one kind and rotation is fixed but in axially compressible axle (1), a part (4) is configured to tubular form and another part (5) is inserted on the direction of main shaft (6) in tubular part (4).Between first component (2) and second component (3), straight-tooth arranges that (9) pass through first component (2) and second component (3) formation, first component (2) has multiple teeth (10) at circumference (7) place towards second component (3), multiple teeth (10) extend parallel to main shaft (6) and its cross section is gradually reduced from first component (2) towards second component (3), second component (3) has the counter-profile (12) formed at circumference (8) place towards first component (2), tooth (10) is bonded in counter-profile (12).In this case, second component (3) is constructed by plastically deformable plastic material towards circumference (8) place of first component (2) at it and forms counter-profile (12) by the way that tooth (10) is incorporated into plastic material when part (2,3) is joined together.Between tooth (10), on the circumferencial direction around main shaft (6), interdental spaces (11) are provided with, interdental spaces (11) are at least wide as tooth (10).

Description

Plastics steering column

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of axle with tubular part and insertion part, particularly turning for vehicle To axle, wherein straight-tooth is arranged between tubular part and insertion part and formed.

Background technology

Steering column and particularly steering spindle are constructed such that assembling theirs in known manner In the case that vehicle collides, they can deform or can one in the way of intussusception be pulled to it is another It is individual in and thus occupy smaller space and therefore in the case where colliding will not to drive Member brings any dangerous (" safe steering column ").

The A1 of DE 32 13 462 describe a kind of safe steering column for motor vehicles, and it includes rigidity Steering column portion and the tube being made with network and each free fiber reinforced plastic materials Point.Glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin may be used as fiber reinforced plastic materials.With network Tubular portion can be compressed on barrier in the case where the vehicle comprising steering column collides So that deferring to the function of safe steering column.However, whole due to rigid steering column portion and tubular portion Body structure, safe steering column does not have longitudinally adjustable whole property.

The A1 of DE 10 2,009 038 039 describe a kind of axle, particularly the transmission system for vehicle Jointed shaft, and a kind of connecting element for the end for being connected to axle, its axis and connecting element are each extremely Small part includes fiber reinforced plastic materials.

For example retouched in B3, the EP 0 053 284 of DE 10 2,012 005 434 in A1 and GB 2 017 566 The steering column comprising plastic material and fiber reinforced plastic materials is completely or partially stated.

It is known for example from the A1 of DE 10 2,010 039 253 or the A1 of DD 264 894 to include two or many Individual part and can one in the way of the intussusception steering column or axle that are pulled in another.

The A1 of DT 23 47 372 describe the positive locking connection between a kind of two parts, the two portions Part is provided with straight-tooth arrangement and one is bonded in another for transmitting moment of torsion.In this case, One part has a spigot surface and tooth, and tooth is configured to cut towards the hardening of the side of spigot surface and tooth Bevel.Second component has the opposite face for receiving spigot surface, wherein when two parts are pressed together, The counter-profile of second component is cut by the tooth of first component.Due to this incision of counter-profile, this Correspond precisely to the extended contour of tooth.In this case, for example, there is provided ring gear and gear The connection of the inner side of housing, wherein tooth arrangement that is as fixed as possible and can not moving in the axial direction It is desired.

The A1 of CA 2 067 580 describe a kind of fiber reinforced plastic materials for being connected to metal connecting piece Drive shaft.In this case, connector is configured with straight-tooth arrangement on its excircle, and drives Moving axis has smooth surface on its inner periphery.Drive shaft and connector straight-tooth arrangement surface it Between, apply paillon foil, film or layer.The film, paper tinsel sheet or layer can comprising metal (for example iron, copper, nickel, Aluminium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc) or compound (such as brass), resin it is (such as polyester resin, poly- Amide resin, polyimide resin, polycarbonate resin, other plastic material resins and admixture and Fiber-reinforced resin (fiberglass packing for being for example soaked with resin)).In this case, connector Tooth does not cut the counter-profile on the inner periphery of drive shaft, but presses it into film, paper tinsel sheet or layer. In this case, the essence of the connection between connector and drive shaft cause it is this connection not only about The longitudinal axis of drive shaft is rotatably fixed, and relative to the position on the direction of the longitudinal axis Move and fix.

The C2 of DE 30 07 896 describe a kind of connector and by fiber-plastic material pipe formed it is hollow Connection between axle.In this case, metal connecting piece has straight-tooth arrangement at its excircle, When hollow shaft is placed on connector, the inwall of straight-tooth arrangement incision hollow shaft.Passing through straight-tooth In the known solution of arrangement incision counter-profile, two parts are fixedly connected.In this feelings Under condition, no mobility is desired to two parts in any direction.

Goal of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide it is a kind of have can hold relative to each other on the direction of main shaft Light and anti-torsion the axle for two parts for changing places mobile.

Solution

The purpose of the present invention is the invention according to the feature with independent patent claim to realize. It can be obtained according to other preferred embodiments of the present invention from dependent patent claims.

The content of the invention

The present invention relates to a kind of axle with first component and second component.One part is configured to pipe Shape form, and another part can also be configured to tubular form or can have any other vertical Long form, for example, the form of bar.Both parts are urged into subregion one and are enclosed on In another, other in which part is pulled in tubular part.The part being inserted into is preferably One part, but the part being inserted into according to the present invention can also be second component.

Two parts have the circumference of face each other；They are the excircle and tubular part of insertion part Inner periphery.Preferably, they are also the excircle of first component and the inner periphery of second component.So And, they can also be the excircle of second component and the inner periphery of first component.

In the first component region overlapping with second component, be formed with straight-tooth arrangement, first component and Second component by straight-tooth arrange connection so as to rotatably fixed around the main shaft of axle and so as to In the square upward sliding of main shaft.The part arranged as straight-tooth, first component is at it towards second There are multiple teeth, multiple teeth extend parallel to main shaft at the circumference of part.In this case, tooth Cross section be gradually reduced from first component towards second component.In the circumferencial direction around main shaft On, be provided with interdental spaces between multiple teeth, interdental spaces its cross section bottom at least with tooth one Sample is wide.Second component is at it as described above towards having what is arranged as straight-tooth at the circumference of first component The counter-profile of the formation of a part, indented joint is in counter-profile.

According to the present invention, second component is at its circumference towards first component by plastically deformable plastics Material is constructed, and this causes the introducing of the tooth and counter-profile of straight-tooth arrangement when part is joined together Formed by the way that tooth is incorporated into plastically deformable plastic material.Pass through its plastically deformable, modeling Expect the simple and to one's profit of the counter-profile that material causes the not only introducing of tooth and therefore straight-tooth is arranged It is constructed to possibility.Plastically deformable plastic material is also the axle according to the present invention in the feelings collided Desired compressibility provides the foundation under condition.

In order to ensure this compressibility under the collision situation with larger motive force, that is, Instead of the flexing of axle, two parts are made to continue to push together, at least in the region of interdental spaces, the One part or second component can be coated with lubricant.Interdental spaces can be filled with completely or partially Lubricant, this ensures that two parts of axle can easily be pushed together on the direction of main shaft. In this case, lubricant can be applied in as the coating of first component and/or second component.It is excellent Selection of land, second component is particularly scribbled in the region that straight-tooth is arranged before part is joined together Lubricant.Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is preferably selected as lubricant.

Straight-tooth arrangement can extend in any part overlying regions of the length of axle.Preferably, straight-tooth cloth Put and be configured to be in first when insertion part is farthest inserted into tubular part In the whole region of the part axle overlapping with second component.However, the counter-profile of straight-tooth arrangement can also Only it is formed in the case where colliding in the whole region.

The shape of the cross section of tooth can be chosen freely.Preferably, it is selected as trapezoidal or triangle Shape.In further preferred mode, interdental spaces its cross section bottom than the facewidth, special It is preferred that mode in more than wide twice.

In principle, first component and second component can be constructed by any identical or different material.For The axle that can be produced in most light and mode most to one's profit is realized, first component and/or second component are preferred Mainly it is made up of plastic material.Preferably, in this case, two parts are over the whole length Or at least when insertion part is farthest inserted into tubular part two parts it is overlapping It is enhanced in region.In this case, first component and/or second component can have plastic material Fiber reinforcement, preferably pass through glass fibre.Fiber reinforced plastic materials can form one of part Divide or whole part.Alternatively or additionally, first component and/or second component can by relative to The inserts of the cylindrical-surface-like outer that main shaft is coaxially oriented strengthens.This inserts can be inserted in part Any position.Preferably, inserts is formed one kind or many of all parts on two circumference Plant other materials covering.In particularly preferred mode, it is generally positioned in the gross thickness of part Or the center of wall thickness.Inserts can include any material, particularly anti-torsion material.Preferably, Inserts is by steel construction.Inserts can be configured as continuous inserts, but can have appoint in principle What structure, for example, having fenestral fabric completely or partially.Preferably, inserts is by least partly It is configured to grid.The structure of the inserts of grid saves the material of inserts and the therefore totality of axle Weight.In addition, the structure of the inserts of grid ensure that inserts is surrounding the material of its all parts Especially good anchoring in material.If this material surrounds inserts completely, it by contrast may be used To provide the anti-corrosion protection to inserts.Inserts then can be by itself not being for example erosion-resisting Steel construction.

Alternatively or additionally, reinforcement can also be implemented as external reinforcement.In this case, External reinforcement can be applied particularly when insertion part has farthest been inserted into tube When in part in the overlapping region of two parts.External reinforcement can such as thickening by tubular part (increase of wall thickness) and formed.Such thicken of tubular part can integrally include respective part Material or be connected to the additional independent of tubular part by optional interlocking or in the way of being frictionally engaged Reinforcing member.Single reinforcing member may, for example, be the pipe or winding bar of adaptation.In principle, it is single Only reinforcing member can also have and tubular part identical material.However, it can also include conjunction Suitable other materials, for example, steel or high-strength composite fibrous material.

Alternatively or additionally, tooth can also be enhanced.Such enhancing can be for example by using hard Plastic material covers the surface of tooth to realize.Preferably, tooth is strengthened with internal reinforcement.This can be with By being constructed with any tubulose inserts identical material of part, go back and can also be closed by any other Suitable material is constructed.For example, reinforcement can be made up of the hard plastics in tooth.

In the end of the axle away from the overlapping region of two parts, connector can be set.These can be with Suitable form known with the connector for axle and it can be fixed in known manner Part.Connector can be constructed for example by the plastic material or ceramic material of steel or durable.It is optional Select ground, connector can with one of part unitary construction, by glass fibre in particularly preferred mode Reinforced plastic material is constructed.Connector, particularly when they are main by plastic material or ceramic material structure When making, enhancing inserts can be provided with.In this case, inserts can be by times with part What inserts identical material is constructed by another appropriate material.Preferably, connector is inlayed Part is formed from steel.

In the axle according to the present invention, tubular part be directed into tubular part in another part In its whole length on can have constant internal diameter, and another part be directed at it There is constant external diameter in whole length in tubular part.By these constant internal diameters and external diameter, It is possible that both parts, which are pushed together after with reversible manner and pulled open again,.However, tubulose Part its connection end can have on the direction towards the connection end internal diameter reduce region so as to There is provided and resist the higher resistance that another part is introduced into the region.This resistance can be by selectivity Ground uses to consume when axle is used as example such as the axle between the steering wheel of motor vehicles and steering gear Dissipate collision energy.In this case, another part introduced in this region of tubular part Free end can have the external diameter that reduces in a same direction set up rubbing in maximum possible The resistance of collision energy is eliminated on wiping face.

Selectively or in addition, another part its connection end can also have towards connection end increase Big external diameter and tubular part region with the internal diameter increased in a same direction can direction The external diameter, another is shifted onto also to set up two parts of counteracting in this case by further one Resistance that is interior and can be used for Dissipative Collisions energy.

If eliminate collision energy the problem of, then tubular part and be bonded on it is therein another Part can also construct spiked form over the whole length.When another part is inserted into tubulose When in part, then the length of axle can only change once.However, when two parts are pulled open again When, radial clearance occurs quickly.

The advantageous development of the present invention will understand from patent claims, specification and drawings.Such as exist What the advantage of the combination of the feature and several features mentioned in specification was merely exemplary, and in nothing Need must realize advantage according to an embodiment of the invention in the case of can be to substitute or accumulate side Formula works.In the case where not changing the theme of appended Patent right requirement, on original application text Part and disclosure, are applicable below：Further feature can be from accompanying drawing --- and it is particularly illustrated Geometry and multiple parts relative size relative to each other and their positioned opposite and operation Connection --- in draw.The spy of the feature of different embodiments of the invention or different Patent right requirements The combination levied in the way of different from the adduction relationship of selected Patent right requirement is also possible And herein propose.This is directed in single accompanying drawing illustrated or carried in its specification Those features arrived.These features can also be from different Patent right requirements combinations of features.Special The feature illustrated in sharp claim can also be saved for other embodiments of the invention.

The feature mentioned in patent claims and specification is intended to by with such as in its quantitative aspects Under type understands there is just this number or more than the number being previously mentioned, without clearly using Adverbial word " at least ".If for example, it is noted that tooth, therefore, this is intended to be understood to refer to just one Individual tooth, two teeth or multiple teeth are present.These features can be supplemented by other features, or can be with It is the unique features that product is included.

Reference included in Patent right requirement is not indicated that to being protected by Patent right requirement Theme in terms of scope limitation.They are used only for the mesh for being easier to understand Patent right requirement 's.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention is described in more detail and described below with reference to preferred embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings, In the accompanying drawings：

Fig. 1 is the cross section of the main shaft perpendicular to axle by the axle according to the present invention, and it passes through axle The first component region overlapping with second component；

Fig. 2 is by the vertical section according to the axle of the present invention along its main shaft.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 is the cross section of the line along the section I-I in Fig. 2 by the axle 1 according to the present invention And show the first component 2 and second component 3 of axle 1.First component 2 and second component 3 Part 4 is configured to tubular form and another quilt of part 5 of first component 2 and second component 3 It is inserted into a part 4.In the example depicted in fig. 1, tubular part 4 is second component 3 And insertion part 5 is first component 2.However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.Tube Part 4 can also be first component 2 and insertion part 5 is correspondingly second component 3.In any feelings Under condition, insertion part 5 can be tubulose or bar-shaped.

Straight-tooth arrangement 9 is built between first component 2 and second component 3.In this case, First component 2 has multiple teeth 10 on its circumference, and multiple teeth 10 are in the main shaft 6 parallel to axle Direction on extend.In this case, straight-tooth arrangement 9 can be on any part region of axle 1 Fang Yanshen.Preferably, it when axle 1 is used first component 2 and second component 3 be intended to relatively Each other by mobile region extend, in particularly preferred mode when insertion part 5 it is maximum Degree it is inserted into when in tubular portion 4 and prolongs in two parts 2,3 and 4,5 overlapping whole regions Stretch.

The cross section of tooth 10 is gradually reduced from first component 2 towards second component 3.In such case Under, the cross section according to Fig. 1 can be presented in tooth 10, for example, trapezoidal shape, preferably in the horizontal stroke Tooth 10 in section has a generally triangular shape shape.It is interdental spaces 11 between tooth 10.In this case, The bottom of interdental spaces 11 is at least wide as the bottom of tooth 10.Preferably, interdental spaces 11 Bottom is at least twice of the width of the base portion of tooth 10.

In the example illustrated in fig .1, the circumference 7 for setting the first component 2 of tooth 10 is insertion The excircle of part 5.However, when first component 2 is outer tubular member 4, setting tooth 10 Circumference 7 is the inner periphery of first component 2.The excircle 8 of second component is relative with circumference 7.If, As in Fig. 1, second component 3 is tubular part 4, then this be tubular part 4 inner periphery.So And, if second component 3 is insertion part 5, circumference 8 is the excircle of second component 3.

At its circumference 8, second component 3 has the counter-profile 12 formed, and tooth 10 is bonded on phase To in profile 12.When part is joined together, counter-profile 12 by tooth by being incorporated into second Formed at the circumference 8 of the material of part 3.Therefore, second component 3 can by plasticity at its circumference 8 Flexible plasties material is made, and tooth 10 can be incorporated into the material.In the region of interdental spaces 11, The circumference 7 of first component 2 and the circumference 8 of second component 3 are somewhat spaced apart from each other.In interdental spaces In 11 region, lubricant 13 is set.In this case, lubricant 13 could be arranged to The form or the coating as second component 3 of the coating of one part 2.Preferably, the quilt of lubricant 13 It is set to the coating of second component 3.Any viscosity or solid material can be selected as lubricant 13；Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is preferably used as lubricant 13.

Tubular part 4 and insertion part 5 each have the inserts 14,15 of the form on the face of cylinder.Edge The reinforcement of the formation all parts 2,3 of inserts 14,15.Such reinforcement can also be arranged to Another or additional structure, for example, the material that the material for passing through part 2,3 is added is enhanced. Part 2,3 is preferably constructed from a plastics material, and plastic material can for example use glass fiber reinforcement.So And, part 2,3 can be constructed by any material in principle.Inserts 14,15 can also be by any Material is constructed, for example, by anti-torsion plastic material.Preferably, they are by steel construction.Inserts 14, 15 can extend in the length of all parts 2,3；Preferably, they are constructed completely or partially For grid.Tooth 10 also has reinforcement 16.Reinforcement 16 can be constructed in a different manner；For example, Tooth 10 can be covered on the outside.It is preferable, however, that reinforcement 16 strengthens tooth 10 on the inside of it. Reinforcement 16 can be included and inserts 14,15 identical materials or different materials.

Fig. 2 is along its main shaft 6 and therefore according to figure by the axle 1 according to the present invention Cross section on the direction of the line of 1 section II-II.Operative position of the first component 2 in shown axle 1 Put and be farthest incorporated into tubular part 4.In the overlapping region of two parts 2,3, Interdental spaces 11 are filled with lubricant 13.

In axle 1 away from the end of the overlapping region of two parts 2,3, connector 17 is set.Connection Part 17 can be integrally formed with part 4,5 or is connected to positive locking and/or optional interlock method Part 4,5.Connector 17 is constructed by any rigidity and durable material, for example, fibre reinforced plastics Material, die casting moulded steel, forged steel or ceramic material.Preferably, connector 17 is configured to fibre Tie up reinforced plastic material and part 4,5 unitary constructions.With with part 4,5 identical modes, connection Part 17 can have enhancing inserts 18.Preferably for part 4,5 and connector 17 Overall structure, inserts 18 with inserts 14,15 identical materials by constructing, particularly preferred By steel construction in mode.

The internal diameter 21 and another part 5 of tubular part 4 are represented with dotted line 19 and 20 in fig. 2 External diameter 22 can be towards connector 17 towards the end of connector 17 in two parts 4,5 It is continuously reduced on direction so that tubular part 4 has adjacent with smaller constant interior in this case The inner cone in another region in footpath 21, and another part 5 terminates at corresponding Outer Taper 24. If part 5 is inserted into tubular part 4 so remote so that Outer Taper 24 is abutted with inner cone 23, Then only resist sizable resistance, that is, the specifically deformation drag of part 4 and 5, enter one The insertion of step is only possible.This can use to dissipate when axle 1 is set in a selective way Between the steering wheel and steering gear housing of such as motor vehicles and when accident occurs for motor vehicles Collision energy on the direction of main shaft 6.Therefore, in the other end of two parts 4 and 5, have The region of increased internal diameter or external diameter can be with the direction towards the connector 17 of another part 5 It is constructed and collision energy can also be dissipated wherein, wherein each hair of the dissipation of collision energy Life causes the irreversible transformation of part 4 and 5.

Reference numerals list

1 axle

2 first components

3 second components

4 tubular parts

5 insertion parts

6 main shafts

7 circumference

8 circumference

9 straight-tooth are arranged

10 teeth

11 interdental spaces

12 counter-profiles

13 lubricants

14 inserts

15 inserts

16 reinforcements

17 connectors

18 inserts

19 dotted lines

20 dotted lines

21 internal diameters

22 external diameters

23 inner cones

24 Outer Tapers

Claims (20)

1. axle (1) of the one kind with first component (2) and second component (3),

One of wherein described part (4) are configured to tubular form and another part (5) is in master It is inserted on the direction of axis (6) in the tubular part (4), wherein the first component (2) Circumference (7) towards the second component (3) circumference (8), and

Wherein described first component (2) and the second component (3) are connected for surrounding the master Axis (6) is fixed so as in the square upward sliding of the main shaft (6) by rotation, wherein described Straight-tooth arrangement (9) is formed between first component (2) and the second component (3),

Wherein described first component (2) its towards the second component (3) the circumference (7) place has multiple teeth (10), and the multiple tooth (10) is parallel to the main shaft (6) Extend,

The cross section of wherein described tooth (10) is from the first component (2) towards described second Part (3) is gradually reduced,

Wherein on the circumferencial direction around the main shaft (6), the tooth (10) Between be provided with interdental spaces (11), the interdental spaces (11) at least with the tooth (10) It is equally wide, and

Wherein described second component (3) its towards the first component (2) the circumference (8) place has the counter-profile (12) formed, and the tooth (10) is bonded on the relative wheel In wide (12),

Wherein,

The second component (3) is at it towards the circumference (8) place of the first component (2) Constructed by plastically deformable plastic material and

It is described by the way that the tooth (10) is incorporated into when the part (2,3) is joined together The counter-profile (12) is formed in plastic material.

2. axle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the region in the interdental spaces (11) In, the first component (2) and/or the second component (3) scribble lubricant (13).

3. axle (1) according to claim 2, wherein the lubricant (13) is polytetrafluoroethyl-ne Alkene.

4. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein the first component (2) and/ Or the second component (3) is at least mainly made up of plastic material.

5. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein the first component (2) and/ Or the second component (3) when another described part (5) be farthest inserted into it is described It is enhanced when in tubular part (4) at least in the overlapping region of described two parts.

6. axle (1) according to claim 5, wherein the first component (2) and/or described Second component (3) passes through the cylinder planar inserts that is coaxially oriented relative to the main shaft (6) (14/15) strengthen.

7. axle (1) according to claim 6, wherein the inserts (14/15) is by steel structure Make and/or be at least partly configured to grid.

8. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein the first component (2) and/ Or the second component (3) has fiber reinforced plastic materials.

9. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein the tubular part (4) is logical External reinforcement is crossed to strengthen.

10. axle (1) according to claim 9, wherein the external reinforcement be by with it is described Tubular part (4) identical material construct and with the tubular part (4) unitary construction.

11. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein the tooth (10) is enhanced.

12. axle (1) according to claim 11, wherein the tooth (10) has internal strengthen Part (16).

13. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein the tooth (10) has three Angular cross section or trapezoidal cross-section.

14. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein the interdental spaces (11) Be the tooth (10) at least twice it is wide.

15. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein, carried on the back on the axle (1) The end in the region overlapping from described two parts (2,3) is formed integrally with connector (17).

16. axle (1) according to claim 15, wherein the connector (17) is by inlaying Part (18) strengthens.

17. axle (1) according to claim 16, wherein the inserts (18) is by steel construction.

18. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein in the main shaft (6) Another the described part (5) being inserted on direction in the tubular part (4) has in end There is external diameter increased region on the direction away from overlapping region, wherein the end back is from described two Individual part (2,3) is overlapping and described another part (5) has the region of constant external diameter, And/or the tubular part (4) deviates from described two parts (2,3) overlapping and described pipe at it There is shape part (4) end in the region of constant internal diameter to have internal diameter away from described overlapping The region reduced on the region direction.

19. the axle (1) according to one of preceding claims, wherein steering wheel is fixed to rotate Mode is supported on the first component (2) or the second component (3).

20. axle (1) according to claim 19, wherein described two parts (2,3) are overlapping The region be arranged on the motor vehicles comprising the axle (1) steering column steering wheel sidepiece In point.