EP2923106A1 - Joint, in particular for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Joint, in particular for a motor vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP2923106A1
EP2923106A1 EP13774450.4A EP13774450A EP2923106A1 EP 2923106 A1 EP2923106 A1 EP 2923106A1 EP 13774450 A EP13774450 A EP 13774450A EP 2923106 A1 EP2923106 A1 EP 2923106A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
joint
composite material
shell
fiber composite
joint according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13774450.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
David Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP2923106A1 publication Critical patent/EP2923106A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/02—Attaching arms to sprung part of vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/001—Suspension arms, e.g. constructional features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/12—Pivotal connections incorporating flexible connections, e.g. leaf springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/10—Constructional features of arms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/71—Light weight materials
    • B60G2206/7101—Fiber-reinforced plastics [FRP]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/02—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers comprising fillers, fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/02—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers comprising fillers, fibres
    • F16C2208/04—Glass fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/10—Elastomers; Rubbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/05—Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a joint, in particular for a motor vehicle, for the articulated connection of at least two components.
  • This object is achieved in a joint, in particular for a motor vehicle, for the articulated connection of at least two components, according to the invention in that the joint consists of a resilient fiber composite material.
  • the fiber composite material consists of endless fiber-reinforced plastics. This allows the To create joints with a widely adjustable and directional elastic identifier.
  • the fiber composite material consists of a combination of different plastics, eg. As a composite of glass and carbon fibers.
  • the fiber composite material passes continuously into the components to be joined. Due to the continuous transition (graduating), the joint according to the invention can be used directly in a composite structure of z. B. axle and handlebars are integrated.
  • the fiber composite material by braiding against overloading, z. B. protected in an accident so that a residual performance is maintained.
  • the joint is double-shelled with a first shell and a second shell.
  • the joint may also be formed with three shells with a first shell, a second shell and a third shell.
  • the shells form a gap in the joint area.
  • the gap may be either hollow or filled with a visco-elastic material to increase damping.
  • a stop member may be arranged to limit the range of movement on both sides of the joint.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the joint according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the joint according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of a further embodiment of the joint according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the joint according to the invention
  • Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the joint according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an axis system under
  • the joint 1 consists of a resilient elastic fiber composite material, for. Example of glass fibers, which at both ends in a rigid fiber composite material 2, z. Made of carbon fibers.
  • a first component 3, z. B. an axle, while at the other end (right in the figure), a second component 4, z. B. a handlebar is connected.
  • the fiber composite material passes continuously into the components 3, 4 to be joined.
  • the joint 1 can be provided in addition to the elastic functions with an integrated damping. This is achieved by introducing viscous materials into the laminate structure or joint 1. Corresponding embodiments are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the joint 1 according to the invention.
  • the local joint 1 is designed as a two-shell joint with a first shell 1 a and a second shell 1 b, wherein between the two shells 1 a and 1 b, a gap 6 is formed.
  • the space 6 may be empty or filled with a visco-elastic material, which would increase the damping.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the joint 1 according to the invention is formed with three shells three shells 1 a, 1 b and 1 c. Due to the geometric design of the shells 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, the course of the restoring forces and moments on the joint travel in all directions can be set in a wide range.
  • the gap 6 between the shells 1 a, 1 b and 1 c may be hollow or filled with a damping material.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the joint 1 according to the invention has an opening 7 in the depth direction.
  • the joint 1 according to the invention has a greatly restricted range of motion compared to conventional multi-part structures. This is given by the elastic stress limits of the materials used. In order to avoid joint damage by exceeding the range of motion or to influence the joint characteristic, additional stops may be provided. A corresponding embodiment is shown in FIG. There are provided on both sides of the joint 1 stop components 8, which limit the freedom of movement of the joint 1.
  • the joint 1 according to the invention can be used as a load-bearing structure in the chassis area, as a structure with kinematic functions in connection with wheel guidance, suspension and / or steering and in particular as a structure between body-fixed structures, such as axle beams, and wheel-guiding components, such as wheel carriers.
  • the components may be assembled individual components (screwed, glued or the like) or integrative components such as an axle system, eg. An axle carrier with integrated handlebars made of plastic.
  • the axle system consists of two triangular links 9, which are provided with two axle carrier shells 10 via resilient joints 1 designed according to the invention are connected and lead the wheel carrier with wheel bearing 1 1 in the height direction articulated.
  • the joint 1 according to the invention can furthermore be used in band or bar-like structures, preferably with flat cross sections within the joint axis and a simply curved course.
  • the joint 1 tapers in the region of the joint kinematics point.
  • the joint 1 is geometrically by thickness, choice of material, stiffening ribs u. ⁇ .
  • the joint area is performed curved, wherein the joint function is achieved by bending in the fiber composite material.
  • S-stroke suitable radius
  • the joint 1 has a rest position in the fully relaxed state. Deformations from this rest position cause elastic restoring forces and moments.
  • the height of these joint reactions, as well as their course over the Gelenkverstell Switzerland, can be influenced by the geometric design (in particular width, thickness and spatial curvature) in the different hinge directions. As a result, a desired gimbal hinge behavior, as today's rubber bearings have to be readjusted.
  • the fiber composite material can be made of continuous fiber reinforced plastics and a combination of different plastics, eg. As glass and carbon fibers exist.
  • the connection area is ideally formed as a rigid structure. This may, for example, be a sandwich structure consisting of core and cover layers, a monolithic fiber composite structure or a fin-reinforced SMC or injection-molded component.
  • the hinge region is ideally a monolithic laminate of continuous filament.
  • the function is mainly determined by the outer layers in thick joints.
  • the inner regions are represented, in particular in the thick-walled case, by a material and a fiber arrangement which has a low creep tendency.
  • a viscoelastic material can likewise be incorporated into the layer structure in the joint area. This can, for example, also replace the core area.
  • the transition region between resilient and rigid joint part is designed so that no jumps in stiffness occur because they can cause premature failure. This is achieved by a continuous transition between the regions, such as can be made, for example, by constraining the two adjacent laminates.
  • Possible core materials are plastics, likewise thermoplastics / thermosets, SMC, in particular fiber composite plastics as well as lightweight, shear-resistant foams, elastomers or other visco-elastic plastics.
  • Possible cover materials are continuous fiber reinforced plastics from z. As coal, glass, aramid, basalt fibers, which offer fracture-resistant and cost-effective glass fibers in the joint area. Furthermore, fiber webs or mats of random fiber, also recycled continuous fibers or combinations of the above materials can be used.
  • the compliant function is achieved by fracture-resistant continuous fibers. These are ideally arranged perpendicular to the hinge axis. This can be achieved by laminating from unidirectional patches.
  • additional layers with undulating fibers can be used. These can be incorporated into the layer structure or, especially in the case of braids, applied to the joint as an outer shell by a braiding process.
  • the delamination tendency can be reduced by local reinforcements in the thickness range. This can be made by sewing, tufting or other textile processes.
  • the joint 1 according to the invention thus enables the articulated connection of two components 3 and 4 solely by the use of differently rigid fiber composite materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a joint (1), in particular for a motor vehicle, for the articulated connection of at least two components (3, 4). To provide a joint that has only a low weight, is easy to install and can be adapted more effectively to the respective requirements, it is proposed according to the invention that the joint (1) is composed of an elastic fibre composite material.

Description

Gelenk, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug  Joint, in particular for a motor vehicle
Beschreibung description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Gelenk, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, zur gelenkigen Verbindung mindestens zweier Komponenten. The present invention relates to a joint, in particular for a motor vehicle, for the articulated connection of at least two components.
Im Kraftfahrzeugbau wird die gelenkige Verbindung von verschiedenen Komponenten, wie z. B. die Anbindung von Lenkern an Radträger, Schwenklager, Achsträger o. dgl., meistens mittels Gummilagern realisiert. Gummilager behindern jedoch im Sinne des Leichtbaus mit Fa- Serverbundwerkstoffen eine optimale Ausnutzung der Materialeigen- schaften der zu verbinden Komponenten. Gummilager an sich und das zur Montage erforderliche Zusatzmaterial in Form von Laschen und Lageraugen an den zu verbindenden Komponenten bringen Gewicht mit sich. Weiterhin sind Gummilager aufwändig in der Montage. Ihre Ein- bringung in ggf. faserverstärkte Kunststoffb auteile birgt Risiken hinsichtlich des erhöhten Setzungsverhaltens und der Kontaktkorrosion zwischen einem möglicherweise metallischen Außenring des Gummilagers und kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoffen. Gummilager erlauben darüber hinaus in vielen Anwendungsbereichen mehr Bewegungsfreiheitsgrade als dies funktional erforderlich wäre. So wird vielfach eine 360°- Drehfreiheit gewährt, obwohl die gelenkige Verbindung im Einsatzfall nur einen Bruchteil einer Drehbewegung auszuführen braucht. Schließlich erfordert diese Bauweise vielfach auch mehr Bauraum als notwen- dig, der dann für eine steifigkeits- bzw. festigkeitsoptimierte Auslegung fehlt. In motor vehicles, the articulated connection of various components, such. B. the connection of links to the wheel, pivot bearings, axle o. The like., Most realized by means of rubber bearings. However, rubber bearings hinder optimal utilization of the material properties of the components to be connected in the sense of lightweight construction with Fa server composite materials. Rubber bearings per se and the additional material required for mounting in the form of tabs and bearing eyes on the components to be connected bring weight with it. Furthermore, rubber bearings are expensive to install. Their introduction into possibly fiber-reinforced plastic parts involves risks with regard to the increased settling behavior and the contact corrosion between a possibly metallic outer ring of the rubber bearing and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics. Rubber mounts also allow more freedom of movement in many applications than would be functionally required. Thus, in many cases a 360 ° - freedom of rotation granted, although the articulated connection needs to perform only a fraction of a rotational movement in the application. Finally, this design often requires more space than necessary. dig, which is then missing for a rigidity or strength optimized design.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Gelenk bereit zu steilen, das nur ein geringes Gewicht hat, leicht einzubauen ist und besser an die jeweils bestehenden Vorgaben angepasst werden kann. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a joint ready to go, which has only a low weight, is easy to install and can be better adapted to the respective existing requirements.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Gelenk, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, zur gelenkigen Verbindung mindestens zweier Komponenten, erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass das Gelenk aus einem nachgiebigen Faserverbundmaterial besteht. This object is achieved in a joint, in particular for a motor vehicle, for the articulated connection of at least two components, according to the invention in that the joint consists of a resilient fiber composite material.
Infolge der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung entfallen durch die Funktionsintegration Schnittstellen in Form von Gummilagern und Verbin- dungselementen, wie Schrauben und Außenhülsen. Der Umgebungsbereich des Gelenkes kann dadurch schlanker gestaltet werden. Dies führt zu einer Gewichtsreduktion und verringert den Montageaufwand. Zusätzlich steht zur Gestaltung der angrenzenden Komponenten mehr Bauraum zu Verfügung. Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Ge- lenkes erlaubt die Ausbildung von "Anschlägen" in der elastischen Kennlinie, was z. B. im Fall von Missbrauch (Überfahrt eines Hindernisses) die Beanspruchungsspitzen auf andere Komponenten verringern kann. Die Unteransprüche beinhalten vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung. As a result of the embodiment according to the invention, functional integration eliminates interfaces in the form of rubber bearings and connecting elements, such as screws and outer sleeves. The surrounding area of the joint can thereby be made slimmer. This leads to a weight reduction and reduces the assembly effort. In addition, more space is available for the design of the adjacent components. The inventive design of the joint allows the formation of "attacks" in the elastic characteristic, which z. B. in the case of abuse (crossing an obstacle) can reduce the load peaks on other components. The dependent claims contain advantageous developments and refinements of the invention.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung besteht das Faserverbundmaterial aus endlosfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen. Dies ermöglicht es, die Gelenke mit einer in weiten Bereichen einstellbaren und richtungsabhängigen elastischen Kennung zu erstellen. According to a preferred embodiment, the fiber composite material consists of endless fiber-reinforced plastics. This allows the To create joints with a widely adjustable and directional elastic identifier.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung besteht das Faserverbundmate- rial aus einer Kombination von verschiedenen Kunststoffen, z. B. einem Verbund aus Glas- und Kohlefasern. According to an advantageous development, the fiber composite material consists of a combination of different plastics, eg. As a composite of glass and carbon fibers.
Vorteilhafterweise geht das Faserverbundmaterial kontinuierlich in die zu verbindenden Komponenten über. Durch den kontinuierlichen Über- gang (graduierend) kann das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk direkt in eine Verbundstruktur aus z. B. Achsträger und Lenker integriert werden. Advantageously, the fiber composite material passes continuously into the components to be joined. Due to the continuous transition (graduating), the joint according to the invention can be used directly in a composite structure of z. B. axle and handlebars are integrated.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist das Faserverbundmaterial durch Überflechten gegen eine Überbelastung, z. B. bei einem Unfall derart geschützt, dass ein Resttragverhalten erhalten bleibt. According to a preferred embodiment, the fiber composite material by braiding against overloading, z. B. protected in an accident so that a residual performance is maintained.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist das Gelenk zweischalig mit einer ersten Schale und einer zweiten Schale ausgebildet. Alternativ kann das Gelenk auch dreischalig mit einer ersten Schale, einer zweiten Schale und einer dritten Schale ausgebildet sein. According to an advantageous development, the joint is double-shelled with a first shell and a second shell. Alternatively, the joint may also be formed with three shells with a first shell, a second shell and a third shell.
Vorzugsweise bilden die Schalen im Gelenkbereich einen Zwischenraum aus. Preferably, the shells form a gap in the joint area.
Der Zwischenraum kann entweder hohl oder zwecks Erhöhung der Dämpfung mit einem visko-elastischen Material gefüllt sein. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann beidseits des Gelenkes ein Anschlagbauteil zu Begrenzung des Bewegungsbereichs angeordnet sein. Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen. Es zeigen: The gap may be either hollow or filled with a visco-elastic material to increase damping. According to an advantageous embodiment, a stop member may be arranged to limit the range of movement on both sides of the joint. Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform des erfin- dungsgemäßen Gelenkes, FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the joint according to the invention,
Figur 2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gelenkes, Figur 3 eine Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gelenkes, FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the joint according to the invention, FIG. 3 shows a view of a further embodiment of the joint according to the invention,
Figur 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gelenkes, FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the joint according to the invention,
Figur 5 einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gelenkes, und Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the joint according to the invention, and
Figur 6 eine schematische Darstellung eines Achssystems unter Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an axis system under
Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Gelenkes.  Use of the joint according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk 1 besteht aus einem nachgiebigen elastischen Faserverbundmaterial, z. B. aus Glasfasern, das an beiden Enden in ein steifes Faserverbundmaterial 2, z. B. aus Kohlefasern, über- geht. An das steife Faserverbundmaterial 2 ist an einem Ende (links in der Figur) eine erste Komponente 3, z. B. ein Achsträger angeschlossen, während an das andere Ende (rechts in der Figur) eine zweite Komponente 4, z. B. ein Lenker, angeschlossen ist. Dabei geht das Faserverbundmaterial kontinuierlich in die zu verbindenden Komponenten 3, 4 über. The joint 1 according to the invention consists of a resilient elastic fiber composite material, for. Example of glass fibers, which at both ends in a rigid fiber composite material 2, z. Made of carbon fibers. To the rigid fiber composite material 2 is at one end (left in the figure) a first component 3, z. B. an axle, while at the other end (right in the figure), a second component 4, z. B. a handlebar is connected. In this case, the fiber composite material passes continuously into the components 3, 4 to be joined.
Eine zumindest im Bereich des Gelenkes 1 und im Übergangsbereich zwischen dem elastischen und dem steifen Faserverbundmaterial 2 vorgesehene Überflechtung 5 kann im Falle einer Überlastung, z. B. bei Missbrauch oder einem Unfall, sicherstellen, dass ein Resttragverhalten vorhanden ist. An intended at least in the region of the joint 1 and in the transition region between the elastic and the rigid fiber composite material 2 Überflechtung 5 may in case of overload, z. For example, in case of misuse or accident, make sure that there is residual wear.
Das Gelenk 1 kann zusätzlich zu den elastischen Funktionen mit einer integrierten Dämpfung versehen werden. Dies wird erzielt durch Ein- bringen viskoser Materialien in den Laminataufbau bzw. in das Gelenk 1 . Entsprechende Ausgestaltungen sind in den Figuren 2 und 3 gezeigt. The joint 1 can be provided in addition to the elastic functions with an integrated damping. This is achieved by introducing viscous materials into the laminate structure or joint 1. Corresponding embodiments are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
In Figur 2 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gelenkes 1 dargestellt. Das dortige Gelenk 1 ist als zweischaliges Ge- lenk mit einer ersten Schale 1 a und einer zweiten Schale 1 b ausgeführt, wobei zwischen den beiden Schalen 1 a und 1 b eine Zwischenraum 6 ausgebildet ist. Der Zwischenraum 6 kann leer oder mit einem visko- elastischen Material ausgefüllt sein, wodurch die Dämpfung erhöht würde. FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the joint 1 according to the invention. The local joint 1 is designed as a two-shell joint with a first shell 1 a and a second shell 1 b, wherein between the two shells 1 a and 1 b, a gap 6 is formed. The space 6 may be empty or filled with a visco-elastic material, which would increase the damping.
Figur 3 zeigt eine Ausgestaltung, bei der das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk 1 dreischalig mit den Schalen 1 a, 1 b und 1 c ausgebildet ist. Durch die geometrische Gestaltung der Schalen 1 a, 1 b und 1 c lässt sich der Verlauf der Rückstell kräfte und -momente über den Gelenkweg in allen Raumrichtungen in weiten Bereichen einstellen. Der Zwischenraum 6 zwischen den Schalen 1 a, 1 b und 1 c kann hohl oder mit einem Dämpfungsmaterial gefüllt sein. Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the joint 1 according to the invention is formed with three shells three shells 1 a, 1 b and 1 c. Due to the geometric design of the shells 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, the course of the restoring forces and moments on the joint travel in all directions can be set in a wide range. The gap 6 between the shells 1 a, 1 b and 1 c may be hollow or filled with a damping material.
In Figur 4 ist eine Ausführung gezeigt, bei welcher das erfindungsge- mäße Gelenk 1 in Tiefenrichtung eine Durchbrechung 7 aufweist. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the joint 1 according to the invention has an opening 7 in the depth direction.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk 1 weist gegenüber konventionellen mehrteiligen Aufbauten einen stark eingeschränkten Bewegungsbereich auf. Dieser ist durch die elastischen Beanspruchungsgrenzen der ver- wendeten Materialien gegeben. Um eine Gelenkbeschädigung durch Überschreiten des Bewegungsbereichs zu vermeiden bzw. um die Gelenkcharakteristik zu beeinflussen, können zusätzliche Anschläge vorgesehen sein. Eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung ist in Figur 5 gezeigt. Dort sind beidseits des Gelenkes 1 Anschlagbauteile 8 vorgesehen, welche die Bewegungsfreiheit des Gelenks 1 begrenzen. The joint 1 according to the invention has a greatly restricted range of motion compared to conventional multi-part structures. This is given by the elastic stress limits of the materials used. In order to avoid joint damage by exceeding the range of motion or to influence the joint characteristic, additional stops may be provided. A corresponding embodiment is shown in FIG. There are provided on both sides of the joint 1 stop components 8, which limit the freedom of movement of the joint 1.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk 1 kann als lasttragende Struktur im Fahrwerksbereich, als Struktur mit kinematischen Funktionen im Zusammenhang mit Radführung, Federung und/oder Lenkung und insbe- sondere als Struktur zwischen karosseriefesten Strukturen, wie Achsträgern, und radführenden Komponenten, wie Radträgern, eingesetzt werden. Bei den Bauteilen kann es sich um montierte Einzelkomponenten (verschraubt, verklebt o. ä.) oder integrative Bestandteile wie einem Achssystem, bspw. einem Achsträger mit integrierten Lenkern aus Kunststoff handeln. The joint 1 according to the invention can be used as a load-bearing structure in the chassis area, as a structure with kinematic functions in connection with wheel guidance, suspension and / or steering and in particular as a structure between body-fixed structures, such as axle beams, and wheel-guiding components, such as wheel carriers. The components may be assembled individual components (screwed, glued or the like) or integrative components such as an axle system, eg. An axle carrier with integrated handlebars made of plastic.
Eine beispielhafte Darstellung eines derartigen Verwendungszwecks ist in Figur 6 in Verbindung mit einem Achssystem dargestellt. Das Achssystem besteht aus zwei Dreieckslenkern 9, die mit zwei Achsträger- schalen 10 über erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete nachgiebige Gelenke 1 verbunden sind und den Radträger mit Radlager 1 1 in Höhenrichtung gelenkig führen. An exemplary representation of such a purpose of use is shown in Figure 6 in conjunction with an axis system. The axle system consists of two triangular links 9, which are provided with two axle carrier shells 10 via resilient joints 1 designed according to the invention are connected and lead the wheel carrier with wheel bearing 1 1 in the height direction articulated.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk 1 kann weiterhin bei band- oder bal- kenartigen Strukturen, vorzugsweise mit ebenen Querschnitten innerhalb der Gelenkachse und einfach gekrümmtem Verlauf eingesetzt werden. Idealerweise verjüngt sich das Gelenk 1 im Bereich des Gelenkkinematikpunktes. Im Anschlussbereich ist das Gelenk 1 geometrisch durch Dicke, Materialwahl, versteifenden Rippen u. ä. an die Um- gebung anpassbar. Vorzugsweise wird der Gelenkbereich gekrümmt ausgeführt, wobei die Gelenkfunktion über Biegung im Faserverbundmaterial erreicht wird. Um Beschädigungen bzw. Veränderungen in der Gelenkfunktion durch Kriech- oder Setzprozesse zu vermeiden, ist es sinnvoll, den Gelenkbereich um die Gelenkachse in einem geeigneten Radius zu führen (S-Schlag). Dadurch können Dehnungen in diesem Bereich gering gehalten werden. The joint 1 according to the invention can furthermore be used in band or bar-like structures, preferably with flat cross sections within the joint axis and a simply curved course. Ideally, the joint 1 tapers in the region of the joint kinematics point. In the connection area, the joint 1 is geometrically by thickness, choice of material, stiffening ribs u. Ä. Adaptable to the environment. Preferably, the joint area is performed curved, wherein the joint function is achieved by bending in the fiber composite material. To avoid damage or changes in the joint function by creeping or setting processes, it makes sense to guide the joint area around the joint axis in a suitable radius (S-stroke). As a result, strains in this area can be kept low.
Das Gelenk 1 weist eine Ruhelage im komplett entspannten Zustand auf. Verformungen aus dieser Ruhelage bewirken elastische Rückstell- kräfte und -momente. Die Höhe dieser Gelenkreaktionen, wie auch deren Verlauf über den Gelenkverstellbereich, lässt sich durch die geometrische Gestaltung (insbesondere Breite, Dicke und räumliche Krümmung) in den unterschiedlichen Gelenkrichtungen beeinflussen. Dadurch kann ein gewünschtes kardanisches Gelenkverhalten, wie dies heutige Gummilager aufweisen, nachgestellt werden. The joint 1 has a rest position in the fully relaxed state. Deformations from this rest position cause elastic restoring forces and moments. The height of these joint reactions, as well as their course over the Gelenkverstellbereich, can be influenced by the geometric design (in particular width, thickness and spatial curvature) in the different hinge directions. As a result, a desired gimbal hinge behavior, as today's rubber bearings have to be readjusted.
Das Faserverbundmaterial kann aus endlosfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen sowie aus einer Kombination von verschiedenen Kunststoffen, z. B. Glas- und Kohlefasern, bestehen. Der Anbindungsbereich wird idealerweise als steife Struktur ausgebildet. Dies kann bspw. eine Sandwich-Struktur bestehend aus Kern und Decklagen, eine monolithische Faserverbundstruktur oder ein mit Rippen verstärktes SMC oder Spritzgussbauteil sein. The fiber composite material can be made of continuous fiber reinforced plastics and a combination of different plastics, eg. As glass and carbon fibers exist. The connection area is ideally formed as a rigid structure. This may, for example, be a sandwich structure consisting of core and cover layers, a monolithic fiber composite structure or a fin-reinforced SMC or injection-molded component.
Der Gelenkbereich ist idealerweise ein monolithisches Laminat aus Endlosfaser. Die Funktion wird bei dick ausgeführten Gelenken überwiegend durch die äußeren Lagen bestimmt. Die inneren Bereiche werden besonders im dickwandigen Fall durch ein Material und eine Fa- seranordnung, die eine geringe Kriechneigung aufweist, dargestellt. Dafür kommen grundsätzlich endlosfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe, aber auch spezielle Kernwerkstoffe mit Kurzfasern in gerichteter oder ungerichteter Anordnung in Frage. Zu Umsetzung einer Dämpfungseigenschaft kann im Gelenkbereich ebenfalls ein visko-elastisches Material in den Lagenaufbau eingearbeitet werden. Dies kann bspw. auch den Kernbereich ersetzen. The hinge region is ideally a monolithic laminate of continuous filament. The function is mainly determined by the outer layers in thick joints. The inner regions are represented, in particular in the thick-walled case, by a material and a fiber arrangement which has a low creep tendency. For this purpose, basically endless fiber-reinforced plastics, but also special core materials with short fibers in a directional or undirected arrangement come into question. To implement a damping property, a viscoelastic material can likewise be incorporated into the layer structure in the joint area. This can, for example, also replace the core area.
Der Übergangsbereich zwischen nachgiebigem und steifem Gelenkteil wird so ausgeführt, dass keine Steifigkeitssprünge auftreten, da diese ein frühzeitiges Versagen herbeiführen können. Dies wird erreicht durch einen kontinuierlichen Übergang zwischen den Bereichen, wie er beispielsweise durch Schäftung der beiden aneinandergrenzenden Laminate hergestellt werden kann. Mögliche Kernmaterialien sind Kunststoffe, gleichermaßen Thermoplaste/Duroplaste, SMC, insbesondere Faserverbundkunststoffe sowie leichte, schubfeste Schäume, Elastomere oder andere visko-elastische Kunststoffe. Mögliche Deckmaterialien sind endlosfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe aus z. B. Kohle-, Glas-, Aramid-, Basalt-Fasern, wobei sich im Gelenkbereich bruchzähe und kostengünstige Glasfasern anbieten. Weiterhin können Faservliese oder -matten aus Wirrfaser, auch recycelte Endlosfasern oder Kombinationen aus obigen Werkstoffen verwendet werden. The transition region between resilient and rigid joint part is designed so that no jumps in stiffness occur because they can cause premature failure. This is achieved by a continuous transition between the regions, such as can be made, for example, by constraining the two adjacent laminates. Possible core materials are plastics, likewise thermoplastics / thermosets, SMC, in particular fiber composite plastics as well as lightweight, shear-resistant foams, elastomers or other visco-elastic plastics. Possible cover materials are continuous fiber reinforced plastics from z. As coal, glass, aramid, basalt fibers, which offer fracture-resistant and cost-effective glass fibers in the joint area. Furthermore, fiber webs or mats of random fiber, also recycled continuous fibers or combinations of the above materials can be used.
Die nachgiebige Funktion wird mehrheitlich durch bruchzähe Endlosfasern erzielt. Diese sind idealerweise senkrecht zur Gelenkachse angeordnet. Dies lässt sich durch Laminate aus unidirektionalen Gelegen erzielen. The compliant function is achieved by fracture-resistant continuous fibers. These are ideally arranged perpendicular to the hinge axis. This can be achieved by laminating from unidirectional patches.
Um ein gutmütiges Ausfallverhalten bei Überlast zu erhalten, können zusätzliche Lagen mit undulierenden Fasern (bspw. Gewebe, Geflechte) eingesetzt werden. Diese können in den Lagenaufbau eingebracht oder besonders im Fall von Geflechten durch einen Umflechtprozess als äußere Hülle auf das Gelenk aufgebracht werden. In order to obtain a good-natured failure behavior in the event of overload, additional layers with undulating fibers (eg, fabrics, braids) can be used. These can be incorporated into the layer structure or, especially in the case of braids, applied to the joint as an outer shell by a braiding process.
Insbesondere bei dickwandigen Strukturen kann die Delaminationsnei- gung durch lokale Verstärkungen im Dickenbereich verringert werden. Diese kann durch Vernähen, Tuften oder andere textile Prozesse hergestellt werden. Especially with thick-walled structures, the delamination tendency can be reduced by local reinforcements in the thickness range. This can be made by sewing, tufting or other textile processes.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk 1 ermöglicht somit die gelenkige Verbindung zweier Komponenten 3 und 4 allein durch die Verwendung un- terschiedlich steifer Faserverbundmaterialien. The joint 1 according to the invention thus enables the articulated connection of two components 3 and 4 solely by the use of differently rigid fiber composite materials.
Die vorhergehende Beschreibung der vorliegenden Erfindung dient nur zu illustrativen Zwecken und nicht zum Zwecke der Beschränkung der Erfindung. Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind verschiedene Änderungen und Modifikationen möglich, ohne den Umfang der Erfindung sowie ihrer Äquivalente zu verlassen. The foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention. Within the scope of the invention are various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the equivalents thereof.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Gelenk 1 joint
1 a erste Schale  1 a first shell
1 b zweite Schale  1 b second shell
1 c dritte Schale  1 c third shell
2 steifes Faserverbundmaterial 2 rigid fiber composite material
3 erste Komponente 3 first component
4 zweite Komponente  4 second component
5 Überflechtung  5 Overwhelming
6 Zwischenraum  6 space
7 Durchbrechung  7 opening
8 Anschlagbauteil  8 stop component
9 Dreieckslenker  9 wishbones
10 Achsträgerschale  10 axle carrier shell
11 Radträger mit Radlager  11 wheel carriers with wheel bearings

Claims

Patentansprüche 1 . Gelenk, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, zur gelenkigen Verbindung mindestens zweier Komponenten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gelenk (1 ) aus einem elastischen Faserverbundmaterial besteht. Claims 1. Joint, in particular for a motor vehicle, for the articulated connection of at least two components, characterized in that the joint (1) consists of an elastic fiber composite material.
2. Gelenk nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Faserverbundmaterial aus endlosfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen besteht. 2. Joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber composite material consists of continuous fiber reinforced plastics.
3. Gelenk nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Faserverbundmaterial aus einer Kombination von verschiedenen Kunststoffen besteht. 3. Joint according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber composite material consists of a combination of different plastics.
4. Gelenk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Faserverbundmaterial kontinuierlich in die zu verbindenden Komponenten (3, 4) übergeht. 4. Joint according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber composite material continuously merges into the components to be joined (3, 4).
5. Gelenk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Faserverbundmaterial durch Überflechten (5) gegen eine Überbelastung derart geschützt ist, dass ein Rest- tragverhalten erhalten bleibt. 5. Joint according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber composite material is protected by over-braiding (5) against overloading so that a residual load-bearing behavior is maintained.
6. Gelenk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gelenk (1 ) zweischalig mit einer ersten Schale (1 a) und einer zweiten Schale (1 b) ausgebildet ist. Gelenk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gelenk (1 ) dreischalig mit einer ersten Schale (1 a), einer zweiten Schale (1 b) und einer dritten Schale (1 c) ausgebildet ist. 6. Joint according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint (1) has two shells with a first shell (1 a) and a second shell (1 b) is formed. Joint according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the joint (1) has three shells with a first shell (1 a), a second shell (1 b) and a third shell (1 c) is formed.
Gelenk nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalen (1 a, 1 b, 1 c) im Gelenkbereich einen Zwischenraum (6) ausbilden. Joint according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the shells (1 a, 1 b, 1 c) form an intermediate space (6) in the joint region.
Gelenk nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwischenraum (6) leer oder mit einem visko-elastischen Material gefüllt ist. Joint according to claim 8, characterized in that the intermediate space (6) is empty or filled with a visco-elastic material.
Gelenk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beidseits des Gelenkes (1 ) ein Anschlagbauteil (8) angeordnet ist. Joint according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on both sides of the joint (1) a stop member (8) is arranged.
EP13774450.4A 2012-11-22 2013-10-11 Joint, in particular for a motor vehicle Withdrawn EP2923106A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012221406.2A DE102012221406A1 (en) 2012-11-22 2012-11-22 Joint, in particular for a motor vehicle
PCT/EP2013/071301 WO2014079627A1 (en) 2012-11-22 2013-10-11 Joint, in particular for a motor vehicle

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EP2923106A1 true EP2923106A1 (en) 2015-09-30

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DE (1) DE102012221406A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014079627A1 (en)

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DE102014217444A1 (en) 2014-09-01 2016-03-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Chassis of a vehicle with a component made of fiber-reinforced plastic
DE102016119088A1 (en) 2016-10-07 2018-04-12 Ab Elektronik Gmbh Pedal device with hinge part

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DE3530353A1 (en) * 1985-08-24 1987-03-05 Opel Adam Ag WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR VEHICLES
DE3908256A1 (en) * 1989-03-14 1990-09-20 Walter Dipl Ing Feilhauer Joint
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WO1996027507A1 (en) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-12 Esoro Ag Wheel suspension with transverse leaf-spring suspension
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DE102012221406A1 (en) 2014-05-22

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