CN106984395A - A kind of three pulverizing chamber herbage pulverizers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pasture grinder with three crushing chambers. The pulverizer sequentially includes a pre-crushing chamber, a tooth plate crushing chamber and a screen crushing discharge chamber. There are fixed knives distributed on the inner wall of the lower shell of the pre-crushing chamber, and a feeding port is opened on the upper shell of the pre-grinding chamber to connect with the feeding hopper; There are toothed plates; toothed plates are distributed on the inner wall of the upper shell of the screen crushing discharge chamber, and a discharge port is opened on the lower shell of the discharge chamber to connect with the discharge hopper; among them, there is a discharge port on the discharge port screen; the discharge hopper is connected with the fan. The main shaft is located inside the housing and arranged along the longitudinal direction of the housing. The main shaft located in the pre-grinding chamber is distributed with moving knives, and the main shaft located in the tooth plate crushing chamber and the screen crushing discharge chamber is distributed with hammer blades. The invention adopts the structure of three crushing chambers, the herbage is gradually crushed in different crushing chambers, and then reaches the sieve for sieving, so that the grass with low brittleness and long fiber can be efficiently crushed.

Description

A kind of pasture grinder with three crushing chambers

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry machinery, in particular to a grass grinder with three grinding chambers.

Background technique

The development of animal husbandry and the country's requirements for the recycling of farmland waste have promoted the development and application of forage processing equipment. Crushing grass can reduce the size of the grass, reduce the bulk density, increase the specific surface area, and speed up the contact reaction speed. The shredded forage can be used directly for feeding, or it can be prepared for subsequent processing. The current pulverizers have low pulverization efficiency for hay pulverization, especially for pastures with long fiber length and low brittleness, such as gramineous pastures, which are difficult to pulverize.

Grass grasses, such as Leymus chinensis, have long fibers and low stiffness of stem nodes, so it is difficult for the shredder to achieve knife alignment. The shredded pasture is thrown directly, the size is large and uneven, and the crushing effect is poor. If the hammer mill is directly used for crushing, the long fibers will quickly contact the screen, and the long fibers that cannot pass through the screen will hang on the screen holes, which will cause The sieve is clogged and cannot be crushed. Because the screen plane of the vertical grinder is perpendicular to the main shaft, when the fiber hangs on the screen hole, it cannot return to the crushing chamber, and there is also the problem of screen blockage.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention provides a pasture grinder with three grinding chambers.

A forage grinder with three crushing chambers, the grinder includes:

The shell is a closed cavity formed by the upper shell and the lower shell; from one end to the other end of the shell is a pre-grinding chamber, a tooth plate crushing chamber and a screen crushing discharge chamber; the inner wall of the lower shell of the pre-grinding chamber There are fixed knives distributed on the top, and a feeding port is opened on the upper shell of the pre-crushing chamber to connect with the feeding hopper; tooth plates are distributed on the inner wall of the upper shell and the inner wall of the lower shell of the tooth plate crushing chamber; There are tooth plates distributed on the inner wall of the upper shell of the material chamber, and a discharge port is opened on the lower shell of the screen crushing discharge chamber to connect with the discharge hopper; wherein, a screen is arranged on the discharge port; the discharge hopper is connected with the discharge hopper. Fan connection, fan and fan motor connection;

The main shaft is located inside the housing, arranged along the longitudinal direction of the housing, and connected to the main motor; the main shaft located in the pre-crushing chamber is equipped with moving knives, and the main shaft located in the tooth plate grinding room and screen crushing discharge room is equipped with hammer blades .

Preferably, the movable knives are distributed on the main shaft in a helical or double helical shape.

Preferably, the main shaft is provided with a movable knife seat, the movable knife is mounted on the movable knife seat through a pin shaft of the movable knife, and the movable knife can rotate around the pin shaft of the movable knife.

Preferably, the fixed knife is arranged perpendicular to the main shaft.

Preferably, a guide round steel is provided under the fixed knife, and the guide round steel is inclined at a certain angle toward the screen crushing and discharging chamber.

Preferably, five rows of fixed knives are distributed on the inner wall of the lower housing of the pre-crushing chamber, and the interval angle between two adjacent rows of fixed knives is 30°.

Preferably, the tooth plates are concave tooth plates arranged along the longitudinal direction of the housing.

Preferably, the interval angle between adjacent concave tooth plates is 20°.

Preferably, the main shaft located in the tooth plate crushing chamber and the screen crushing discharge chamber is provided with disc brackets at intervals, the hammer is installed between the disc supports through the hammer pin, and the hammer can rotate around the hammer pin .

Preferably, the pulverizer is installed on a frame; both ends of the main shaft protrude from the casing, and are fixed on the frame through bearings with seats.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The present invention adopts the structure of three crushing chambers, the herbage is gradually crushed in different crushing chambers and then reaches the sieve for sieving, so as to improve the crushing efficiency of the forage, improve the palatability, ensure that the forage reaches a smaller size when it reaches the sieve, and improve the quality of the sieve. efficiency, to avoid clogging the screen, while reducing energy consumption. The invention can realize high-efficiency crushing of forage grass with low brittleness and long fiber.

(2) The installation direction of the moving and fixed knives is perpendicular to the main shaft, which is convenient to increase the speed of the main shaft. The highly rotatable moving knives drive the forage grass to move in the crushing chamber to achieve multiple knife setting. Cooperate with the cutting of pasture to solve the problem of difficult knife setting when ordinary shredders crush pasture. The moving knives are distributed in a spiral shape, and play a role in pushing the grass while initially crushing it.

(3) Different from the commonly used canine tooth plates installed on an inclination to cooperate with the moving knife to crush and guide the pasture, the present invention uses the pushing effect of the spirally installed moving knife and the suction effect of the fan to push the pasture in the pulverizer. Therefore, when the hammers are evenly arranged, the tooth plate can use a concave tooth plate installed parallel to the main shaft. The concave tooth plate is formed by casting. Compared with the traditional sharp tooth plate inclined to the main shaft and welded, the concave tooth plate itself does not have the function of pushing material, but its production, storage and installation are more convenient and simple, and at the same time it can reduce pasture. The speed of the crushing chamber of the tooth plate prevents the forage from reaching the screen crushing discharge chamber without being fully crushed, ensuring that the forage reaching the screen is smaller in size and further improving the sieving rate of the forage, which greatly reduces the loss of large-sized pasture directly contacting the screen. Chance of clogging the screen holes.

(4) The helically arranged moving knives will bring the axial burden of the main shaft and the problem of easy vibration. Therefore, the method of helically arranged moving knives is generally not used in the existing pulverizers. In the present invention, the symmetrically arranged hammer pieces on the main shaft can play the role of a counterweight wheel, effectively alleviating the vibration problem caused by the helically arranged fixed knives, and the use of the bearing with seat can also solve the problem of axial load.

(5) The sieve can control the size of the pasture. When the size of the forage is too large to pass through the sieve, it will be picked up by the hammer in the discharge chamber, and the long forage will be further crushed by the hammer and the concave tooth plate until the size of the forage is reached. Meet the screening requirements.

(6) The fan introduces the screened pasture into the air delivery system, which can be sent to the next process machine or directly into the warehouse. At the same time, it provides negative pressure for the crushing chamber, improves the screening rate, and promotes the pasture in the crushing chamber to the outlet. move.

(7) The feeding method of the present invention is radial feeding, which can realize the feeding of the whole bale under the smaller diameter of the crushing chamber, which is convenient to operate and reduces manual work.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-chamber herbage pulverizer.

Figure 2 is a top view of the three crushing chambers with the upper cover removed.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a concave tooth plate.

Description of labels: 1-fan motor, 2-fan, 3-outlet hopper, 4-left upper cover, 5-hinge, 6-frame, 7-feeding hopper, 8-right upper cover, 9-bolt locking mechanism, 10 -lower housing, 11-main motor, 12-hammer, 13-concave tooth plate, 14-fixed knife, 15-moving knife, 16-main shaft, 17-disc support.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is only exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention and its application.

As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 2, it is a three-chamber herbage pulverizer provided by the present invention, which includes a frame 6, a housing, a main shaft 16, a fixed knife 15, a moving knife 16, a concave tooth plate 13 and a fan 2.

The upper left cover 4 and the upper right cover 8 are connected to form an upper casing, and the upper left cover 4 and the upper right cover 8 are sealed by rubber; the upper casing and the lower casing 10 form a casing. The lower casing 10 is fixed on the frame 6 by welding. The upper left cover 4 and the upper right cover 8 are respectively connected to the lower housing 10 through hinges 5 and fixed through a bolt locking mechanism 9 . Loosen the bolt locking mechanism 9, and the upper left cover 4 and the upper right cover 8 can be opened and closed around the hinge, which facilitates the replacement of internal components.

The main shaft 16 is installed inside the housing and is coaxial with the housing. Both ends of the main shaft 16 protrude from the housing, and are fixed on the frame 6 through bearings with seats. The main shaft 16 is connected with the main motor 11 through a pulley and a belt, and is driven by the main motor 11 .

From the right end to the left end of the shell, there are pre-crushing chamber, tooth plate crushing chamber and screen mesh crushing discharge chamber.

The cavity corresponding to the upper right cover 8 is a pre-crushing chamber, and a feeding port is provided on the upper right cover 8 to connect with the feeding hopper 7 . Feeding hopper 7 is made up of base plate, upper plate and side plate connection. Among them, the bottom plate is a straight plate, the front end of which exceeds the front end of the upper plate and the side plate by a certain length, and the bottom plate is at an angle of 20° to the horizontal direction. The forage falls on the bottom plate and can slide into the pre-shredding chamber by its own weight. Radial feeding enables full bale feeding with smaller crushing chamber diameters. A fixed knife 14 is distributed on the inner wall of the lower housing of the pre-crushing chamber, and the fixed knife 14 is sharpened. Fixed knife 14 is fixed by fixed knife seat, and is installed perpendicular to main shaft 16. Preferably, a guide round steel is provided below the fixed knife 14, and the guide round steel is inclined at a certain angle to the direction of the screen crushing and discharging chamber, so as to guide the grass. Five rows of fixed knives 14 are arranged on the lower housing inner wall of the pre-crushing chamber, and the interval angle between two adjacent rows of fixed knives 14 is 30°. A moving knife seat is distributed on the main shaft 16 located in the pre-crushing chamber. The moving knife seat is composed of two moving knife brackets installed back to back. The moving knife 15 is sharpened and installed on the moving knife seat through the moving knife pin and the moving knife bush , the moving knife pin is fixed by the cotter pin, and the moving knife 15 can rotate around the knife pin. When the movable knife 15 cannot cut, it can rotate around the pin shaft of the movable knife to achieve scratching and reduce the wear on the blade; while one end of the pin shaft of the movable knife is square and cannot be rotated around the knife seat. In actual work, the wear mainly occurs On the movable knife 15 and the movable knife pin shaft, the wear degree of the movable knife seat is low, so the movable knife seat does not need to be replaced frequently, and the movable knife seat can be directly fixed on the main shaft 16 by welding. The movable knife 15 is distributed on the main shaft 16 in a helical or double-helical shape, and cooperates with the fixed knife 14 to cut pasture grass and push the pasture grass.

The cavities corresponding to the left upper cover 4 are tooth plate crushing chambers and screen mesh crushing discharge chambers. On the inner wall of the upper left cover 4, there are 8 concave tooth plates 13 distributed in parallel, the 8 concave tooth plates 13 are parallel to the main shaft 16, and the interval angle between adjacent concave tooth plates 13 is 20°. Disc supports 17 are installed at equal intervals on the main shaft 16 located in the tooth plate crushing chamber and the screen crushing discharge chamber, and the hammer 12 is installed between the disc supports 17 through the hammer pin shaft and hammer bushing. The shaft is secured by a cotter pin. The hammer 12 can rotate around the hammer pin.

Eight concave tooth plates 13 are distributed on the inner wall of the lower shell of the tooth plate crushing chamber, the eight concave tooth plates 13 are parallel to the main shaft 16, and the interval angle between adjacent concave tooth plates 13 is 20°. The tooth plate crushing chamber crushes pasture through the action of the hammer blade 12 and the concave tooth plate 13 . The production, storage and installation of the concave tooth plate 13 are more convenient and simple. At the same time, the speed of pasture passing through the crushing chamber can be reduced, and the pasture can be prevented from reaching the discharge chamber without being fully crushed, ensuring that the pasture reaching the screen is smaller in size and improving the pasture rate. The sieving rate is high, which greatly reduces the probability of large-size grass directly contacting the sieve and blocking the sieve hole.

A discharge port is provided on the lower casing of the screen crushing discharge chamber to connect with the discharge hopper 3, and a screen is provided on the discharge port. Selecting the screen can control the discharge size of the pasture. When the size of the pasture is too large to pass through the screen, it will be picked up by the hammer 12 in the discharge chamber, and the long pasture will be further crushed by the cooperation of the hammer 12 and the concave tooth plate 13 until the pasture The size meets the screening requirements.

The discharge hopper 3 is connected with the air delivery system through the fan 2, and the fan 2 is connected with the fan motor 1. The blower 2 attracts to form a negative pressure in the casing, and cooperates with the pusher of the spirally arranged movable knife 15 to push the pasture to move toward the discharge port.

The pasture enters the pre-crushing chamber through the feeding hopper 7, and the moving knife 15 rotates at high speed under the drive of the main shaft 16, and sets the knife with the fixed knife 14 for many times. Make a cut. Under the cooperation of the moving knife 15 and the fixed knife 14, the pasture is scattered, broken and mixed. Driven by the spirally arranged moving knife 15 and attracted by the fan 2, the pasture moves axially to reach the crushing chamber of the tooth plate. The herbage is further crushed in the radially closed tooth plate crushing chamber with the cooperation of the hammer 12 and the concave tooth plate 13, reducing the size of the forage, ensuring that the long forage is fully crushed and then reaches the screen crushing discharge chamber, improving the quality of the forage. Break rate. Most pastures have reached the sieving requirements when they reach the sieve crushing discharge room, and can be sieved directly to increase the sieving rate of the sieve and prevent the sieve from being blocked. The discharge chamber continues to move, and continues to crush under the cooperation of the hammer 12 and the concave tooth plate 13 until the pasture meets the screening requirements, and the fan 2 introduces the pasture after screening into the air delivery system, which can be sent to the next process machine or directly Warehouse.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of pasture pulverizer with three pulverizing chambers, it is characterized in that, this pulverizer comprises: The shell is a closed cavity formed by the upper shell and the lower shell; from one end to the other end of the shell is a pre-grinding chamber, a tooth plate crushing chamber and a screen crushing discharge chamber; the inner wall of the lower shell of the pre-grinding chamber There are fixed knives distributed on the top, and a feeding port is opened on the upper shell of the pre-crushing chamber to connect with the feeding hopper; tooth plates are distributed on the inner wall of the upper shell and the inner wall of the lower shell of the tooth plate crushing chamber; There are tooth plates distributed on the inner wall of the upper shell of the material chamber, and a discharge port is opened on the lower shell of the discharge chamber to connect with the discharge hopper; wherein, a screen is provided on the discharge port; the discharge hopper is connected to the fan, The fan is connected to the fan motor; The main shaft is located inside the housing, arranged along the longitudinal direction of the housing, and connected to the main motor; the main shaft located in the pre-crushing chamber is equipped with moving knives, and the main shaft located in the tooth plate grinding room and screen crushing discharge room is equipped with hammer blades . 2 . The grass grinder with three crushing chambers according to claim 1 , wherein the movable knives are distributed on the main shaft in a helical or double helical shape. 3 . 3. According to claim 2, a herbage grinder with three crushing chambers is characterized in that, the main shaft is provided with a movable knife seat, and the movable knife is mounted on the movable knife seat through the pin shaft of the movable knife, and the movable knife can be wound around The pin shaft of the moving knife rotates. 4. A kind of pasture grinder with three crushing chambers according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fixed knife is arranged perpendicular to the main shaft. 5. According to claim 4, a kind of herbage grinder with three crushing chambers is characterized in that, a guide round steel is provided under the fixed knife, and the guide round steel is inclined at a certain angle to the direction of the screen crushing discharge chamber . 6. According to any one of claims 1, 4, and 5, a three-grinding chamber forage grinder is characterized in that 5 rows of fixed knives are distributed on the inner wall of the lower housing of the pre-grinding chamber, and two adjacent rows are fixed. The interval angle of the knives is 30°. 7 . The forage grinder with three crushing chambers according to claim 1 , wherein the tooth plate is a concave tooth plate arranged along the longitudinal direction of the casing. 8. A three-grinding-chamber forage grinder according to claim 7, characterized in that the interval angle between adjacent concave tooth plates is 20°. 9. According to claim 1, a herbage grinder with three crushing chambers is characterized in that disc brackets are arranged at intervals on the main shaft located in the tooth plate crushing chamber and the screen crushing discharge chamber, and the hammer passes through the hammer pin Installed between the disc brackets, and the hammer can rotate around the pin shaft of the hammer. 10. According to claim 1, a kind of pasture pulverizer with three pulverizing chambers is characterized in that, the pulverizer is mounted on the frame; on the rack.