CN106981976A - T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法 - Google Patents

T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法 Download PDF

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CN106981976A
CN106981976A CN201710180367.XA CN201710180367A CN106981976A CN 106981976 A CN106981976 A CN 106981976A CN 201710180367 A CN201710180367 A CN 201710180367A CN 106981976 A CN106981976 A CN 106981976A
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inverter
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CN106981976B (zh
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黄敏
杨勇
方刚
卢进军
谢胜仁
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Goodwe Technologies Co Ltd
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JIANGSU GOODWE POWER SUPPLY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • H02J3/383—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，采用作为调制T型三电平三相逆变器的调制信号；Varef、Vbref、Vcref分别为三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号，Voffset为三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号的三次谐波偏置信号，Voffset_LC为具有抑制LC滤波器的谐振电流注入到调制信号的电压偏置信号，Voffset_LC＝Kfia_high，Kf为电流到电压的转换系数，ia_high为T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出电流ia的高频分量。本发明的方法能够实现有效抑制环流中线和逆变器逆变侧电流中包含的LC滤波器谐振，减少逆变器共模漏电流，提高逆变器性能。

Description

T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于T型三电平三相逆变器中来抑制中线共模电流的方法。
背景技术
在分布式发电系统中，逆变器作为可再生能源(如光伏发电、风力发电等)与电网或负载连接的桥梁，其性能直接影响整个分布式发电系统。而分布发电系统中的多电平逆变器与二电平逆变器相比具有以下优势：(1)逆变器输出电压、电流谐波更小；(2)输出电压变化率更小；(3)输出功率更大。因此，多电平逆变器在分布式发电系统得到关注和应用。
在多电平逆变器中，T型三电平三相逆变器和二极管钳位型三电平三相逆变器相比，具有以下优势：(1)减少6个电力二极管，从而降低系统成本；(2)逆变器开关频率在5kHz—30kHz，T型三电平三相逆变器比二极管钳位型三电平三相逆变器效率高。因此，T型三电平逆变器在分布式发电系统中得到了广泛的应用。
在光伏发电系统中，逆变器可分为隔离型和非隔离型逆变器，而非隔离型逆变器由于效率高、体积小等优点在分布式光伏发电系统得到广泛的应用。对于非隔离T型三电平三相光伏并网逆变器，为减少光伏并网逆变器共模漏电流，大部分商用逆变器通常采用将T型三电平三相逆变器输出滤波电容的公共点连接到直流母线电容的中性点(环流中线)的方案，如附图1所示。这样，逆变器的一部分高频电流将在中线上环流，大大减少逆变器输出共模漏电流。但是，由于逆变器环流中线的存在，T型三电平三相逆变器的LC滤波器形成谐振的高频分量也将在逆变器与环流中线上流动，影响光伏并网逆变器逆变侧电流和环流中线电流，导致光伏并网逆变器输出逆变侧电流和环流中线上包含LC滤波器的谐振电流。因此，若不加控制，环流中线的高频电流以及逆变侧电流高频成分均将增加。
对于目前大部分商用光伏并网逆变器没有考虑抑制LC滤波器的谐振电流，主要原因在于LC滤波器的谐振电流主要在逆变器侧和环流中线上环流，不在逆变器网侧流(不会流入电网)。由此可见，为抑制T型三电平三相并网逆变器环流中线高频电流和逆变器逆变侧谐振高频电流，发明一种抑制T型三电平三相光伏并网逆变器环流中线电流，提高T型三电平三相光伏并网逆变器性能的方法，在分布式发电系统有很好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够抑制并网逆变器的中线共模电流，以提高逆变器性能的T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，应用于采用SPWM调制且逆变侧输出三相电流信号ia、ib、ic的T型三电平三相逆变器中，所述T型三电平三相逆变器的输出经LC滤波器连接至电网，所述T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法为：采用
作为调制所述T型三电平三相逆变器的调制信号；
其中，分别为用于调制所述T型三电平三相逆变器的三相调制信号，Varef、Vbref、Vcref分别为三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号，Voffset为所述三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号的三次谐波偏置信号，Voffset_LC为具有抑制所述LC滤波器的谐振电流注入到所述调制信号的电压偏置信号，Voffset_LC＝Kfia_high，Kf为电流到电压的转换系数，ia_high为所述T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出电流ia的高频分量。
所述T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出电流ia经低通滤波器而得到其低频电流ia_low，则ia_high＝ia-ia_low。
其中，ωf为所述低通滤波器的截止频率，s为拉氏变换算子。
Voffset＝-(max(Varef,Vbref,Vcref)+min(Varef,Vbref,Vcref))/2。
所述T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出的三相电流信号ia、ib、ic分别经坐标变换而对应转换为dq坐标系下的直流分量id、iq，所述三相电流信号各自对应的直流分量id、iq分别与给定值比较后，再通过比例积分调节器后输出调节输出量，所述调节输出量经过坐标变换后得到三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号Varef、Vbref、Vcref。
坐标变换时通过锁相环而获取所述电网的空间角度角。
所述T型三电平三相逆变器采用电网电压定向矢量控制方式。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明的方法能够实现有效抑制环流中线和逆变器逆变侧电流中包含的LC滤波器谐振，减少逆变器共模漏电流，提高逆变器性能。
附图说明
附图1为分布式发电逆变系统中LC滤波器的谐振电流流通回路示意图。
附图2为分布式发电逆变系统的结构示意图。
附图3为三相并网逆变器电网电压定向抑制环流中线共模电流矢量控制方法示意图。
附图4为基于电网电压定向的矢量控制系统矢量图。
附图5为三相并网逆变器稳态仿真波形图；(a)传统方法环流中线电流；(b)本发明方法环流中线电流了；(c)传统方法逆变侧三相电流；(d)本发明方法逆变侧三相电流；(e)传统方法电网侧三相电流；(f)本发明方法电网侧三相电流。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例一：参见附图2所示，分布式发电逆变系统由分布式可再生能源、T型三电平三相逆变器、LC滤波器、电网等构成。本实施例中，该分布式发电逆变系统为光伏发电逆变系统，其中的分布式可再生能源为光伏阵列，在附图2中由直流电源Edc和直流输入电阻Rdc等效。T型三电平三相逆变器根据光伏阵列输入的功率，实现有功功率和无功功率控制，LC滤波器滤除逆变器输出电流高频分量，T型三电平三相逆变器的输出经LC滤波器连接至电网。在附图2中，uan、ubn、ucn为T型三电平三相并网逆变器输出的三相电压，ea、eb、ec为三相电网电压，ia、ib、ic是T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出的三相输出电流，L为滤波电感，C为滤波电容。T型三电平三相逆变器输出滤波电容C的公共点连接到直流母线电容的中性点。
上述T型三电平三相逆变器采用SPWM调制。为提高直流母线电压利用率，通常在常规正弦波脉冲宽度调制(sinusoid pulse width modulation,SPWM)加入三次谐波。加入三次谐波之后逆变器的调制信号为：
其中，Varef、Vbref、Vcref分别为三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号，Voffset为三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号的三次谐波偏置信号，三次谐波偏置信号Voffset表示为：
Voffset＝-(max(Varef,Vbref,Vcref)+min(Varef,Vbref,Vcref))/2 (2)
其中，max函数取变量的最大值，其中min函数取变量的最小值。
为抑制LC滤波器谐振电流在环流中线上流，将T型三电平三相逆变器产生谐振电流与其抵消。先将T型三电平三相并网逆变器的逆变侧电流ia经过一个低通滤波器得到逆变器A相电流的低频电流ia_low，其可示为：
其中ωf为低通滤波器的截止频率，在本系统中ωf选取为ωf＝314.15rad/s；s为拉氏变换算子。
则三电平三相逆变侧电流ia的高频分量电流ia_high为：
ia_high＝ia-ia_low (4)
则具有抑制LC滤波器的谐振电流注入到调制信号的电压偏置信号为：
Voffset_LC＝Kfia_high (5)
其中Kf为电流到电压转换系数，在本发明系统中Kf＝4。
从而采用以下具有抑制环流中线共模电流的调制信号作为调制T型三电平三相逆变器的调制信号：
其中，分别为用于调制T型三电平三相逆变器的三相调制信号，Varef、Vbref、Vcref分别为三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号，Voffset为三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号的三次谐波偏置信号，Voffset_LC为具有抑制LC滤波器的谐振电流注入到调制信号的电压偏置信号。
基于以上控制方法的三相并网逆变器电网电压定向抑制环流中线共模电流矢量控制方法示意图如附图3所示。T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出的三相电流信号ia、ib、ic分别经坐标变换(ABC/αβ/dq变换)而对应转换为dq坐标系下的直流分量id、iq，三相电流信号各自对应的直流分量id、iq分别与给定值(给定值根据功率的大小自由给定，如本系统给定为)比较后，再通过比例积分(proportional integral,PI)调节器后输出调节输出量，调节输出量经过坐标变换(dq/αβ/abc变换)后得到三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号Varef、Vbref、Vcref。为了获取电网的空间角度角，坐标变换时通过锁相环(phase locked loop,PLL)而获取电网的空间角度角。而为抑制环流中线共模电流，逆变侧相电流ia经过滤波和变换得到Voffset_LC，进而得到所需的，三相调制信号
为实现T型三电平三相并网逆变器有功功率和无功功率独立控制，三电平三相逆变器采用电网电压定向矢量控制方式。电网电压定向的矢量控制(Voltage OrientedControl,VOC)方式是指dq同步旋转坐标系与三相电网电压空间矢量同步旋转，且dq旋转坐标系的d轴与电压矢量重合。基于电网电压定向的矢量控制系统矢量图如图4所示。
由图4可知，三相电网电压矢量在dq旋转坐标系d轴上的分量在q轴上的分量Eq＝0。根据瞬时功率理论，三相并网逆变器输出瞬时有功功率P和瞬时无功功率Q分别为：
其中Ed、Eq为电网电压在dq旋转坐标系d轴分量和q轴分量；id、iq为三相并网逆变器输出电流在dq旋转坐标系d轴分量和q轴分量。
将电网电压定在d轴上面，则
联合式(7)和式(8)可得：
由式(9)可知，系统的瞬时有功功率P与逆变输出电流在d轴上的分量id成正比，而瞬时无功功率Q则与输出电流在q轴上的分量iq成正比。因此，通过id与iq的控制，就可以分别控制系统的瞬时有功、无功功率。
为了验证上述所发明的方法的正确性和有效性，按图3的控制方法对所发明方法和传统方法进行对比仿真。系统仿真参数如表1。
表1 仿真参数
额定功率 P＝10kW
滤波电感 L＝1.3mH
滤波电容 C＝4.7μF
母线滤波电容 C1＝3000uF
逆变器开关频率 fs＝20kHz
直流输入 Edc＝650V
直流输入电阻 Rdc＝1Ω
电网电压频率 fg＝50Hz
电网电压有效值 eRMS＝220V
为实现功率因数为1逆变，有功功率电流给定无功功率电流给定图5为环流中线电流、逆变器输出逆变侧三相电流和电网侧三相电流。图5(a)、(c)、(e)采用传统方法，而图5(b)、(d)、(f)为所发明方法。从图5的仿真波形看出：(1)所发明方法环流中线电流icm的最大值为5A，而传统方法中线电流icm的最大值为9A，所发明方法输出环流中线电流明显小于传统方法；(2)所发明方法输出逆变侧电流波形质量优于传统方法，传统方法逆变侧电流明显包含LC滤波器高频谐振电流；(3)发明方法和传统方法逆变器网侧电流基本相同。从图5对比仿真波形看出：所发明方法不增加任何硬件基础上，实现有效抑制环流中线和逆变器逆变侧电流LC滤波器谐振，提高逆变器性能。在光伏发电系统有很好的应用价值。
发明提供了一种抑制T型三电平三相光伏并网逆变器LC滤波器的谐振电流、抑制中线共模电流的方法，大大减少了逆变器中线共模电流高频分量，并应用于T型三电平三相光伏并网发电系统，提高了T型三电平三相光伏并网逆变器性能、提高光伏并网发电系统的性能。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，应用于采用SPWM调制且逆变侧输出三相电流信号ia、ib、ic的T型三电平三相逆变器中，所述T型三电平三相逆变器的输出经LC滤波器连接至电网，其特征在于：所述T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法为：采用
V a r e f * = V a r e f + V o f f s e t - V o f f s e t _ L C V b r e f * = V b r e f + V o f f s e t - V o f f s e t _ L C V c r e f * = V c r e f + V o f f s e t - V o f f s e t _ L C
作为调制所述T型三电平三相逆变器的调制信号；
其中，分别为用于调制所述T型三电平三相逆变器的三相调制信号，
Varef、Vbref、Vcref分别为三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号，Voffset为所述三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号的三次谐波偏置信号，Voffset_LC为具有抑制所述LC滤波器的谐振电流注入到所述调制信号的电压偏置信号，Voffset_LC＝Kfia_high，Kf为电流到电压的转换系数，ia_high为所述T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出电流ia的高频分量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，其特征在于：所述T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出电流ia经低通滤波器而得到其低频电流ia_low，则ia_high＝ia-ia_low。
3.根据权利要求2所述的T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，其特征在于：其中，ωf为所述低通滤波器的截止频率，s为拉氏变换算子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，其特征在于：Voffset＝-(max(Varef,Vbref,Vcref)+min(Varef,Vbref,Vcref))/2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，其特征在于：所述T型三电平三相逆变器的逆变侧输出的三相电流信号ia、ib、ic分别经坐标变换而对应转换为dq坐标系下的直流分量id、iq，所述三相电流信号各自对应的直流分量id、iq分别与给定值比较后，再通过比例积分调节器后输出调节输出量，所述调节输出量经过坐标变换后得到三相常规正弦波脉冲调制信号Varef、Vbref、Vcref。
6.根据权利要求5所述的T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，其特征在于：坐标变换时通过锁相环而获取所述电网的空间角度角。
7.根据权利要求1所述的T型三电平三相逆变器抑制中线共模电流的方法，其特征在于：所述T型三电平三相逆变器采用电网电压定向矢量控制方式。
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