CN106972536B - Control method and device for virtual synchronous generator of photovoltaic power station - Google Patents
Control method and device for virtual synchronous generator of photovoltaic power station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method and a device of a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power station, which comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out load reduction control on each photovoltaic power generation unit which participates in the control of the virtual synchronous generator in the photovoltaic power station; collecting voltage, current and frequency signals at the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station; the virtual synchronous generator controller is utilized to realize the control of the virtual synchronous generator of the photovoltaic power station, and the active power reference value and the reactive power reference value of each photovoltaic power generation unit are obtained; issuing a power instruction obtained by the virtual synchronous generator controller to each photovoltaic power generation unit through an optical fiber network; and each photovoltaic power generation unit receives a power instruction, tracks a power reference value and realizes power control of the photovoltaic power station. The method realizes the function of the virtual synchronous generator of the photovoltaic power station, enhances the safe and stable operation capability of the photovoltaic power station, and can exert the voltage and frequency control capability of the photovoltaic power station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation systems, in particular to a control method and device of a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power station.
Background
With the continuous development of new energy power generation technology, in recent years, new energy power generation (photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and the like) based on a power electronic inverter interface accounts for higher proportion in a power system. The main countries in the world set respective new energy power generation development plans. However, compared with a traditional synchronous generator power supply, the new energy power generation system based on the power electronic inverter interface has a high response speed, the response of the power generation system is decoupled from the dynamic response of the power system, rotational inertia and damping which are beneficial to keeping the stable operation of the system are hardly generated, the dynamic characteristics of the power system are inevitably influenced by a large amount of access of the new energy power generation system, necessary voltage and frequency support cannot be provided for the power system, a revolution is brought to the power system, and a challenge is brought to the stable operation control of the power system.
The control method can realize decoupling control of active power and reactive power, the new energy power generation system does not have rotation inertia and damping characteristics and is not beneficial to stable operation of the system, and the new energy power generation system based on inverter grid connection can have characteristics similar to a synchronous generator by adopting a virtual synchronous generator control method. However, the photovoltaic grid-connected system in the prior art does not have the characteristic of a virtual synchronous generator, if the existing photovoltaic unit inverters are transformed one by one, time and labor are wasted, and because the inverters of each photovoltaic unit operate independently, the mutual influence of the inverters needs to be further researched, so that the operation performance of the whole photovoltaic power station can be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control method and a control device for a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power station.
A method of controlling a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power plant, the method comprising:
and 5, receiving a power instruction by each photovoltaic power generation unit, tracking a power reference value, and realizing power control of the photovoltaic power station.
In the step 1, the process of performing load shedding control on each photovoltaic power generation unit participating in virtual synchronous generator control in the photovoltaic power station specifically includes:
by changing the power reference value of each photovoltaic power generation unit, the active power output of the photovoltaic power generation unit deviates from the maximum power tracking value of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
In the step 2, a current transformer and a voltage transformer are specifically used for collecting voltage, current and frequency signals at the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station.
In step 3, the obtaining of the active power reference value and the reactive power reference value of each photovoltaic power generation unit specifically includes: and obtaining active power reference values and reactive power reference values of all photovoltaic units through a virtual synchronous generator control algorithm according to the measured voltage, current and frequency signals.
In step 4, the power command is a power command of each photovoltaic power generation unit controlled by the virtual synchronous generator.
A control apparatus for a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power plant, the apparatus comprising:
the load shedding control module is used for carrying out load shedding control on each photovoltaic power generation unit which participates in the control of the virtual synchronous generator in the photovoltaic power station;
the measuring module is used for collecting voltage, current and frequency signals at the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station;
the virtual synchronous generator control module is used for realizing virtual synchronous generator control of the photovoltaic power station by utilizing the virtual synchronous generator controller and obtaining the active power reference value and the reactive power reference value of each photovoltaic power generation unit;
and the communication module is used for issuing the power instruction obtained by the virtual synchronous generator controller to each photovoltaic power generation unit through an optical fiber network.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the method realizes the function of the virtual synchronous generator of the photovoltaic power station, enhances the safe and stable operation capability of the photovoltaic power station, and can exert the voltage and frequency control capability of the photovoltaic power station.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an inverter topology and its equivalent virtual synchronous generator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic control block diagram of a virtual synchronous generator controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power system model according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the output power of a photovoltaic cell in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the output power of a photovoltaic power plant in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of frequency comparison of an electrical power system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the frequency controlled power output of a photovoltaic unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the frequency controlled power output of a photovoltaic power plant in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a control device of a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a more effective and concise control method for a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power station, which can easily establish the control function of the virtual synchronous generator of the photovoltaic power station and improve the stable operation capacity and the frequency and voltage control capacity of the photovoltaic power station. The embodiment of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and as shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a control method of a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power plant provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes:
in step 1, the process of load shedding control on each photovoltaic power generation unit specifically includes:
by changing the power reference value of each photovoltaic power generation unit, the active power output of the photovoltaic power generation unit deviates from the maximum power tracking value (the maximum power which can be generated by the photovoltaic unit according to the current illumination intensity), so that the standby capacity is reserved for the photovoltaic power generation unit to participate in the control of the virtual synchronous generator.
in the step, voltage, current and frequency signals of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station are collected by using a current transformer and a voltage transformer.
in this step, the process of obtaining the active and reactive power reference values of each photovoltaic power generation unit specifically includes: and obtaining active power reference values and reactive power reference values of all photovoltaic units through a virtual synchronous generator control algorithm according to the measured voltage, current and frequency signals.
The above-mentioned virtual synchronous generator control principle is explained in detail by the following specific examples:
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an inverter topology and its equivalent virtual synchronous generator according to an example of the present invention, the mechanical equation of the synchronous generator is
Wherein J is the rotational inertia of the synchronous generator and has the unit of kg.m2Tm、TeAnd TdMechanical, electromagnetic and damping torques of the synchronous generator are respectively in units of N.m, D is a damping coefficient and is in units of N.m.s/rad, omega0The unit is rad/s for the synchronous angular speed of the power grid. In which the electromagnetic torque Te of the generator is driven by the virtual synchronous generator potential eabcAnd an output current iabcCalculated, as shown in formula (2):
Te＝Pe/ω＝(eaia+ebib+ecic)/ω (2)
in the formula, PeElectricity output for virtual synchronous generatorMagnetic power.
The virtual synchronous generator control of the inverter introduces the control of the formula (1) in an active power loop of the virtual synchronous generator control, and the mechanical characteristics of the virtual synchronous generator are realized by means of the control. Due to the introduction of the rotational inertia J, the grid-connected inverter has inertia in the active power and frequency dynamic process, and the introduction of the damping parameter D enables the inverter to have the capability of damping power grid power oscillation.
From fig. 2, the electromagnetic equation of the virtual synchronous generator can be obtained as follows:
wherein L is the synchronous reactance of the synchronous generator, R is the synchronous resistance of the synchronous generator, uabcFor terminal voltage of synchronous generator, iabcFor the current at the generator end of the synchronous generator, eabcRepresenting the synchronous generator potential.
The machine end current of the virtual synchronous generator can be obtained through the electromagnetic equation of the virtual synchronous generator, so that a power instruction is obtained through calculation of the machine end current and the voltage, and the power instruction is a total power instruction of each photovoltaic power generation unit controlled by the virtual synchronous generator.
Further, frequency control and voltage control can be simultaneously realized in virtual synchronous generator control, as shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic control block diagram of a virtual synchronous generator controller in an embodiment of the present invention, the frequency control is implemented by measuring the frequency of a grid-connected point and using the deviation of the frequency from the rated frequency of a system to adjust the total active power:
ΔP＝Kf(fref-fmeas) (3)
in the formula, KfIs the frequency modulation coefficient, frefFor rated frequency of the system, fmeasIs the measured grid tie point frequency.
The voltage control is located in the reactive power control loop, and the voltage deviation is used for adjusting the potential of the virtual synchronous machine
ΔE＝Kv(Vref-Vmeas) (4)
Obtaining active power reference values and reactive power reference values by the virtual synchronous generator controller, and then distributing and issuing the power instruction to each photovoltaic power generation unit by the power distribution unit according to the rated capacity of each photovoltaic power generation unit in proportion, as shown in formula (5)
In the formula, PrefiActive power command for the ith photovoltaic cell, SiIs the rated capacity of the ith photovoltaic unit, N is the total number of photovoltaic power generation units controlled by the virtual synchronous generator, PTotalThe distribution method for reactive power is the same as the active power for the total power reference value obtained by the virtual synchronous generator control.
because the virtual synchronous generator controller and each photovoltaic power generation unit are distributed in different geographical positions, in order to ensure the speed of signal transmission, a power instruction can be issued to each photovoltaic power generation unit by adopting an optical fiber network.
The power instruction is the power instruction of each photovoltaic power generation unit controlled by the virtual synchronous generator.
And 5, receiving a power instruction by each photovoltaic power generation unit, tracking a power reference value, and realizing power control of the photovoltaic power station.
Here, the photovoltaic power generation unit can receive an external power command, so that the implementation is relatively easy, and the embodiment of the invention does not relate to the modification of an internal control system of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
The control of the invention is explained in detail with reference to a specific embodiment, and a power system model shown in fig. 4 is built by Matlab/Simulink to perform simulation verification on the control method, wherein the power system comprises a synchronous generator G1 and a photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic power station is represented by 2 photovoltaic inversion units, the capacity of the photovoltaic power station is 30kW, and the rated capacity of the synchronous generator G1 is 300 kW.
According to the illumination condition, the maximum output power of the photovoltaic power station is 50kW, in order to control the virtual synchronous generator of the photovoltaic power station, 20% of spare capacity is reserved for load reduction control of the photovoltaic power station (realized by directly giving a load reduction power instruction to the photovoltaic power generation units), the total output power of the photovoltaic power station is controlled to be 40kW, the output powers of the photovoltaic power generation units 1 and 2 are the same and are respectively about 20kW, the output power of the synchronous generator is 150kW, and the load is 190 kW. The control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator of the photovoltaic power station are J-4 and D-20, and the power instruction of the virtual synchronous generator is evenly distributed because the capacities of the photovoltaic unit 1 and the photovoltaic unit 2 are the same. In order to verify the control effect of the virtual synchronous generator of the photovoltaic power station, a step signal is given to the virtual synchronous generator controller at 2s to control the output power of the virtual synchronous generator controller to be stepped from 40kW to 45kW, as shown in FIG. 5, a schematic diagram of the output power of a photovoltaic unit in an example of the invention is shown, and as shown in FIG. 6, a schematic diagram of the output power of the photovoltaic power station in an example of the invention is shown.
Simulation results show that the output power of the photovoltaic power station has inertia and damping characteristics similar to those of a synchronous generator under the control of the virtual synchronous generator. Further, the effect of the control of the virtual synchronous generator of the photovoltaic power station on the system frequency is verified, and the parameter K of the frequency controllerfAnd taking 1000. The load was increased by 20kW at 5s, causing the system frequency to drop. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing frequency comparison of an electric power system in an example of the present invention, and the system frequency obtained when virtual synchronous generator control is used and when virtual synchronous generator control is not used (the photovoltaic power generation unit does not respond to the system frequency change) is shown in fig. 7.
Further, as shown in fig. 8, a schematic diagram of frequency control power output of a photovoltaic unit in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, as shown in fig. 9, a schematic diagram of frequency control power output of a photovoltaic power station in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, and a simulation result shows that: the photovoltaic power station controlled by the virtual synchronous generator can increase the output of active power to participate in system frequency control, and is beneficial to safe and stable operation of the system.
According to the embodiment, the photovoltaic power station virtual synchronous generator control method provided by the embodiment of the invention enables the photovoltaic power station to have the function of a virtual synchronous generator, can provide inertia and damping for a system, effectively deals with system frequency change, and improves the capability of guaranteeing safe and stable operation of the system.
In view of the above method flow, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control device for a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power station, where the specific content of the device can be implemented by referring to the above method, and as shown in fig. 10, the device mainly includes:
the load shedding control module 101 is used for carrying out load shedding control on each photovoltaic power generation unit participating in virtual synchronous generator control in the photovoltaic power station;
the measurement module 102 is used for collecting voltage, current and frequency signals at a grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station;
the virtual synchronous generator control module 103 is configured to implement virtual synchronous generator control of the photovoltaic power station by using a virtual synchronous generator controller, and obtain active and reactive power reference values of each photovoltaic power generation unit;
and the communication module 104 is configured to issue the power instruction obtained by the virtual synchronous generator controller to each photovoltaic power generation unit through an optical fiber network.
In addition, a power control module is arranged in the photovoltaic power generation unit and used for receiving a power instruction, tracking a power reference value and realizing power control of the photovoltaic power station.
The specific implementation process of each functional module can be described with reference to the method embodiment.
It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A control method of a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, load reduction control is carried out on each photovoltaic power generation unit participating in virtual synchronous generator control in a photovoltaic power station, and the specific process is as follows: the active power output of each photovoltaic power generation unit deviates from the maximum power tracking value thereof by changing the power reference value of each photovoltaic power generation unit;
step 2, collecting voltage, current and frequency signals at the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station;
step 3, realizing virtual synchronous generator control of the photovoltaic power station by using the virtual synchronous generator controller, and obtaining the active power reference value and the reactive power reference value of each photovoltaic power generation unit, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining total active and reactive power reference values by a virtual synchronous generator controller according to the measured voltage, current and frequency signals, and then obtaining the active and reactive power reference values of each photovoltaic power generation unit according to the rated capacity of each photovoltaic power generation unit in a proportional distribution manner;
step 4, issuing the power instruction obtained by the virtual synchronous generator controller to each photovoltaic power generation unit through an optical fiber network;
and 5, each photovoltaic power generation unit receives the power instruction, tracks the active power reference value and the reactive power reference value and realizes power control of the photovoltaic power station.
2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, voltage, current and frequency signals at the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power plant are collected by using a current transformer and a voltage transformer.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the power command is a power command of each photovoltaic power generation unit controlled by a virtual synchronous generator.
4. A control device for a virtual synchronous generator of a photovoltaic power plant, characterized in that the device comprises:
the load reduction control module is used for carrying out load reduction control on each photovoltaic power generation unit participating in virtual synchronous generator control in the photovoltaic power station, and the specific process is as follows: the active power output of each photovoltaic power generation unit deviates from the maximum power tracking value thereof by changing the power reference value of each photovoltaic power generation unit;
the measuring module is used for collecting voltage, current and frequency signals at the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station;
the virtual synchronous generator control module is used for realizing the virtual synchronous generator control of the photovoltaic power station by utilizing the virtual synchronous generator controller, obtaining the active and reactive power reference values of each photovoltaic power generation unit, and the specific process is as follows: obtaining total active and reactive power reference values by a virtual synchronous generator controller according to the measured voltage, current and frequency signals, and then obtaining the active and reactive power reference values of each photovoltaic power generation unit according to the rated capacity of each photovoltaic power generation unit in a proportional distribution manner;
and the communication module is used for issuing the power instruction obtained by the virtual synchronous generator controller to each photovoltaic power generation unit through an optical fiber network.
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| CN110098632B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2021-08-06 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method, system and device for quantitatively identifying damping coefficient of virtual synchronous generator |
| CN108695897B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-05-12 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Power control method, device, controller, system and medium for photovoltaic power station |
| CN109409012B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2023-02-28 | 国网青海省电力公司 | Method for detecting multi-machine parallel stability of photovoltaic virtual inverter under machine-network coupling background |
| CN109586343A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Photovoltaic-energy-storing and power-generating system and method based on virtual synchronous generator control |
| CN110071524B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-09-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Virtual synchronous control method for single-phase cascade H-bridge photovoltaic inverter |
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