Application of the slime bacteria in preparing predation and suppressing the medicine of plant pathogenetic bacteria
Technical field:
The invention belongs to microbiology, biological control, natural product chemistry and field of pharmacology, and in particular to three plants can catch
Food and the slime bacteria for suppressing plant pathogenetic bacteria, and the application in preparing predation and suppressing the medicine of plant pathogenetic bacteria.
Background technology:
Plant disease endangers agricultural production, causes economic loss, its study on prevention is significant.Biological prevention
With free from environmental pollution, good to people and other biological security, preventive and therapeutic effect persistently, noresidue, the killing specificity to disease
By force, the advantages of being easy to other prophylactico-therapeutic measures cooperations, the saving energy, thus with wide development prospect.The world today,
People improve constantly to " non-harmful product " demand to environmental protection pay attention to day by day, meet the life of agricultural sustainable development requirement
Thing Prevention Technique is increasingly becoming study hotspot and important directions.
So far, researcher has screened a large amount of antagonistic strains for having and suppressing phytopathogen effect, including gemma
Bacillus, streptomycete, Pseudomonas alba, series bacillus, Trichoderma etc..The main Biocontrol Mechanism of these bacterial strains is in growth metabolism
During produce antibiotic agents, toxin, bacteriocin, protein-based antibacterial material of a variety of antagonism pathogens etc., reach suppression
System or the effect for killing pathogen.Because the generation of secondary metabolite is larger by such environmental effects, this kind of antagonistic strain exists
The problems such as preventive effect is unstable, persistence is poor is often faced when field is applied.
It is main Biocontrol Mechanism and research using natural enemy and Predatory relation in insect pest or the biological control of animal diseases
Direction, has reported a large amount of successful cases.There is also some predators (micropredator) in microorganism, such as
Lysobacter, Bdellovibrio, Bacteriovorax, Daptobacter, Bacteroidetes and Myxococcales
(fruiting myxobacteria) etc..
In recent years, microorganism predator and its predation cause increasing concern.Educational circles thinks, above-mentioned micro- life
Thing predator is potential biocontrol microorganisms.But, application potential of the microorganism predator in terms of biological control is ground at present
Study carefully and few.
Slime bacteria (myxobacteria) can gliding motility, the cell with complicated mycelia generating process, uniqueness
Between signal transduction system, significant social behavior feature.Recently, people gradually recognize, are preyed on compared to simple microorganism
Person such as Bdellovibrio or Bacteriovorax, slime bacteria have greater advantages in terms of biological control, because slime bacteria has
There is multiple Biocontrol Mechanism.
1. slime bacteria is the predator in microorganism.Most of slime bacterias can pass through unique wolf pack formula group behavior
(wolf-pack) and the microorganism of other work, including bacterium, fungi, yeast, algae etc. are actively preyed in gliding motility, it is used for
Meet the nutritional need of itself.The predation scope of slime bacteria is quite extensive, and its preferences to prey bacterium is typically implemented in very
The level of big taxonomical unit such as door and guiding principle, ignores the Physiological Differentiation of same bacterium, with important biological control meaning, has
It may solve that some pathogen fungus strain differences are big etc. to prevent and treat problem.
2. slime bacteria is the second largest antibiotics generated bacterium that actinomyces are only second in prokaryotes, can produce it is rich and varied,
The novel secondary metabolite of structure, potentiality are had a wide range of applications in terms of drug development, biological pesticide and ecological management.
Research thinks that the microorganism that can produce the secondary metabolites such as antibiotic is all the very hopeful biological control factor, such as bud
Spore bacillus, streptomycete, Pseudomonas alba etc..Recently, it has been found that the natural active product of slime bacteria secretion is often as predation instrument
Or weapon take part in its predation process.
3. slime bacteria strong stress resistance.Slime bacteria has two kinds of forms of vegetative cell and gloeospore (myxospore), in environment
During inclement condition, resistance very strong gloeospore can be formed, resistance nutritional deficiency, soda acid, drying, cold, sweltering heat and radiate
Etc. external environment condition, this allows slime bacteria to be survived for a long time in many extreme environments.
4. the matrix such as slime bacteria preference soil, rotten wood, bark, the excrement of the careless mammal of food and rotten lichens,
Possesses good stability and competitiveness in these environment.Slime bacteria is widely distributed indigenous bacterium in soil, diversity and rich
Degree is all very high.Numerous studies show, if with excellent competitiveness and colonazition, are that can biocontrol microorganisms play steadily in the long term
The key of biocontrol effect.Therefore, the powerful colonization ability of slime bacteria and resistance have huge advantage to biological control.
5. slime bacteria can control the quantity of the flora of other in soil, soil micro-ecosystem balance is maintained.Research shows, glues thin
Bacterium is present in various habitats, affects the colony characteristicses of other bacteriums of surrounding.As microorganism predator, slime bacteria is as animal
Predator in food chain is the same, can with the number change of prey dynamic change.Structure of soil microbial community is
Dynamic equilibrium.If this balance is broken, pathogen quantity is increased sharply, and soil-borne disease will occur.Research shows, improves soil
The measures such as earth microecological balance, improvement biological community structure, raising microbial diversity have preventing and treating to make to many plant diseases
With.
6. slime bacteria is the important participant of soil organic matter metabolism, play the part of emphatically in the material circulation of global biosphere
The role wanted.Slime bacteria can secrete biomass and larger molecular organicses in abundant extracellular lyase, degraded soil etc.,
The available nutrient of plant available can be increased, promote plant growth, reduce diseases and pests of agronomic crop, be conducive to developing ecology
Organic agriculture.Much study it has been proved that the measure using the improved soil fertility such as compost or organic fertilizer has to plant disease
Good prevention effect, is one of research direction of control of plant disease.
But, although with important Biocontrol Potential, but research and application of the slime bacteria in terms of biological control at present is few.
At home, there is no is used for slime bacteria the report of biological control.Abroad, since the seventies in last century, someone carries out successively
Slime bacteria prevents and treats the research of plant pathogenic microorganisms.
1972, Hocking etc. was had found, in flat board experiment, 3 plants of slime bacterias can crack to some extent to be belonging respectively to
Pythium intermedium, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and F.solani 6 plants of plants
Disease fungus;During potted plant experiment, these slime bacterias, which are inoculated in cultivation soil, can effectively mitigate above-mentioned disease fungus and cause
Damping-off and case fatality rate, it was found that to colonize effect good in cultivation soil for these slime bacterias.1984, Geyer etc. will
Ustilago maydis basidiospore is layered on water agar plate, and then induction is separated to two kinds and can produced from corn field soil
The species of raw predation plaque, one kind is Amoeba, and another is slime bacteria, and both species simultaneously also can be in cultivation
U.maydis quantity is controlled in soil.1984, Homma by Rhizoctonia solani pigment mycelia and
Cochliobolus miyabeanus conidium is added in soil, finds that the brood body of this two fungal strain is split after 4 weeks
Solution;There are a large amount of deep mixed perforation and etching under ESEM, on disease fungus brood body;From Cochliobolus
One plant of slime bacteria Polyangium spp. is separated in miyabeanus mycelia and conidium, and confirms the slime bacteria energy
Cause above-mentioned predation and cracking phenomenon.2001, Taylor etc. had found, during adjacent inoculation, slime bacteria Nannocystis
Exedens can suppress three plants of aspergillus fungis such as Aspergillus flavus and A.parasiticus;During overlapping inoculation,
Spore, germinating spore, mycelia, sclerotium of these fungies etc. then can be preyed on and cracked to slime bacteria N.exedens.2002,
Bull etc. has found 6 plants of studied slime bacterias to 8 plants of plant pathogenic fungi Cylindrocarpon spp., Fusarium
oxysporum f.sp.apii、Phytophthora capsici、Pythium ultimum、Rhizoctonia spp.、
Sclerotinia minor, Verticillium alboatrum and V.dahliae are respectively provided with cracking and predation effect.2006
Year, Bull etc. is reported using romaine lettuce sclerotiniose caused by slime bacteria preventing and treating Sclerotinia minor again., Kim etc. in 2011
It was found that one plant of slime bacteria (Myxococcus) can utilize the predation of itself and the antagonism double mechanism of its activated product
To prevent and treat three kinds of pathogenic bacteria Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Pyricularia grisea;
In pot experiment, the slime bacteria is significantly better than fungicidal agents Delan to the prevention effect of pepper anthracnose., Dahm in 2015
Deng being separated to 30 plants of slime bacterias from forest soil and testing their prevention effects to forest Major Diseases fungi, this is found
A little slime bacterias cracking and suppress 4 kinds of common forest disease fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum,
F.culmorum and Cylindrocarpon destructans;Potted plant experiment shows that some of slime bacterias can protect nursery stock
From R.solani infringements, also confirm that these slime bacterias have good colonization ability in potting soil.
At present, few for the biological control Effect study of slime bacteria both at home and abroad, above-mentioned report enumerates all public affairs substantially
Develop the paper of table.As can be seen that some slime bacterias have predation and inhibitory action to various plants disease fungus, to these diseases
Plant disease also shows preventive and therapeutic effect caused by fungal pathogenses.In addition, as the indigenous bacterium of soil of strong stress resistance, slime bacteria is used for
Good colonization ability is shown in soil.The research of current slime bacteria controlling plant diseases is concentrated mainly on plant pathogenic fungi
Aspect.Because fungi is most common plant pathogenic microorganisms, fungal disease accounts for the 70-80% of plant disease.Thing
In reality, predation and antagonistic effect of the slime bacteria to bacterium are more preferably.Therefore, the potential value of slime bacteria preventing and treating bacterial diseases of plants is obtained
Expect, reinforcement is needed in correlative study badly.
The content of the invention:
The invention provides three plants of slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1, Polyangium sp.8#-3,
Applications of the Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 in preparing predation and suppressing plant pathogenetic bacteria medicine.
The slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1 of the present invention, it was preserved in the micro- life in Guangdong Province on November 25th, 2016
Thing DSMZ (five building, Institute of Micro-biology of the province laboratory building of GuangZhou, China city martyr Road 100), its preserving number is:GDMCC
No.60120。
The slime bacteria Polyangium sp.8#-3 of the present invention, it was preserved in Guangdong Province microorganism on November 25th, 2016
DSMZ's (five building, Institute of Micro-biology of province laboratory building of GuangZhou, China city martyr Road 100), its preserving number is:GDMCC
No.60122。
The slime bacteria Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 of the present invention, it was preserved in the micro- life in Guangdong Province on November 25th, 2016
Thing DSMZ (five building, Institute of Micro-biology of the province laboratory building of GuangZhou, China city martyr Road 100), its preserving number is:GDMCC
No.60121。
Slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1, Polyangium sp.8#-3 are found through experiments that in the present invention,
Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 can prey on various plants pathogenetic bacteria, additionally it is possible to produce the activity for suppressing peachiness Erwinia
Natural products.
Therefore, the invention provides slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1, Polyangium sp.8#-3,
Applications of the Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 in terms of preventing and treating plant soft rot disease caused by suppressing peachiness Erwinia and the bacterium is dived
Power.(plant soft is rotten caused by these three slime bacterias and its natural products exploitation are done into suppression peachiness Erwinia and the pathogen
The biological pesticide of disease).
Present invention also offers slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1, Polyangium sp.8#-3,
Applications of the Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 in the medicine for suppressing peachiness Erwinia is prepared.
Slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1, the Polyangium sp.8#-3, Cystobacter of the present invention
Sp.XJ9-1, on the one hand they can prey on and crack various plants pathogenetic bacteria, on the other hand can produce suppression peachiness Ou Wenshi
The bioactive natural product of bacterium, with important application value.The slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1 of the present invention,
Polyangium sp.8#-3, Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 can be in the applications in terms of biological control and drug development.
The present invention slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1 its be preserved in Guangdong Province microorganism on November 25th, 2016
DSMZ's (five building, Institute of Micro-biology of province laboratory building of GuangZhou, China city martyr Road 100), its preserving number is:GDMCC
No.60120。
The present invention slime bacteria Polyangium sp.8#-3 its be preserved in Guangdong Province microorganism on November 25th, 2016
DSMZ's (five building, Institute of Micro-biology of province laboratory building of GuangZhou, China city martyr Road 100), its preserving number is:GDMCC
No.60122。
The present invention slime bacteria Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 its be preserved in the micro- life in Guangdong Province on November 25th, 2016
Thing DSMZ (five building, Institute of Micro-biology of the province laboratory building of GuangZhou, China city martyr Road 100), its preserving number is:GDMCC
No.60121。
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is predation effects of the Myxococcus sp.e-3-1 to plant pathogenetic bacteria;
Fig. 2 is predation effects of the Polyangium sp.8#-3 to plant pathogenetic bacteria;
Fig. 3 is predation effects of the Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 to plant pathogenetic bacteria.
Embodiment:
Following examples are that the present invention is further illustrated, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1, the Polyangium sp.8#-3 of the present invention derives from Aksu of Xinjiang
Alkaline land soil.
The slime bacteria Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 of the present invention are from virgin forest soil in Vietnam Tan Dao national parks
Sample.
Embodiment 2:
Slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.e-3-1, Polyangium sp.8#-3, Cystobacter are inoculated with respectively
Sp.XJ9-1 to CYE nutrient solutions (10mM MOPS, 10g/L casein peptones, 5g/L yeast extracts, 8mM MgSO4, solvent is
Water, PH 7.6), 150rpm, 30 DEG C of culture 3d, then with MMC buffer solutions (10mM MOPS, 4mM MgSO4, 2mM CaCl2, it is molten
Agent is water, PH 7.6) rinse be diluted to 1 × 1011Cell/ml, obtains slime bacteria bacterium solution.
Each plant pathogenetic bacteria (Rhizobium radiobacter GIM 1.274, Pseudomonas are inoculated with respectively
Syringae GIM 1.330, Acidovorax avenae subsp avenae JCM 20985, Rhodococcus
Fascians NBRC 12155, Burkholderia cepacia GIM 1.450, Curtobacterium
Flaccumfaciens GIM 1.343, Erwinia persicina GIM 1.331, Arthrobacter ilicis JCM
12267, Erwinia chrysanthemi GIMT 1.178, Pantoea stewartii subsp.stewartii LMG
2715, Ralstonia solanacearum GIM 1.70, Rhizobacter dauci DSM 11587,
Sphingomonassuberifaciens JCM 8521, Xanthomonas campestris JCM 20466,
Xylellafastidiosasubsp.fastidiosa LMG 17159, Streptomyces scabiei JCM 7914,
Bacillus megaterium GIM1.270, Clavibacter michiganensis JCM1370) into NA culture mediums,
Logarithmic phase is arrived in 150rpm, 30 DEG C of cultures, is then diluted to 1 × 10 with MMC wash buffers9Cell/mL, obtains pathogenic thin
Bacterium bacterium solution.Plant pathogenetic bacteria used in this experiment is shown in Table 1.
20 μ L plant pathogenetic bacteria bacterium solutions are dripped into CFL solid mediums (10mM MOPS, pH 7.6,1mM KH2PO4,
8mM MgSO4, 0.2g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.2g/L sodium citrates, 0.2g/L Sodium Pyruvates, 0.1g/L junket peptones, 15g/L agar,
Solvent is water) on, it is to be dried after, 1 μ L slime bacteria prepared Chinese ink mixed liquor is added dropwise in its edge, and (slime bacteria bacterium solution and prepared Chinese ink press volume
Than 2:1 mixes), make two colony edges at a distance of about 3mm.Flat board is placed in 30 DEG C of cultures, 3,5,7, observe predation after 9d.
As a result as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, from Fig. 1-3 as can be seen that Myxococcus sp.e-3-1 can prey on Rhizobium
Radiobacter GIM 1.274, Pseudomonas syringae GIM 1.330, Acidovorax avenae subsp
Avenae JCM 20985, Rhodococcus fascians NBRC 12155, Burkholderia cepacia GIM
1.450, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens GIM 1.343, Erwinia persicina GIM 1.331,
Arthrobacter ilicis JCM 12267, Erwinia chrysanthemi GIMT 1.178, Pantoea
Stewartii subsp.stewartii LMG 2715, Ralstonia solanacearum GIM 1.70,
Rhizobacter dauci DSM 11587, Sphingomonas suberifaciens JCM 8521, Xanthomonas
Campestris JCM 20466, Xylella fastidiosa subsp.fastidiosa LMG 17159,
Streptomyces scabiei JCM 7914, Bacillus megaterium GIM1.270, Clavibacter
michiganensis JCM1370;Polyangium sp.8#-3 can prey on Rhizobium radiobacter GIM
1.274, Pseudomonas syringae GIM 1.330, Acidovorax avenae subsp avenae JCM
20985, Rhodococcus fascians NBRC 12155, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens GIM
1.343, Arthrobacter ilicis JCM 12267, Erwinia chrysanthemi GIMT 1.178, Pantoea
Stewartii subsp.stewartii LMG 2715, Ralstonia solanacearum GIM 1.70,
Rhizobacter dauci DSM 11587, Sphingomonas suberifaciens JCM 8521, Xanthomonas
Campestris JCM 20466, Xylella fastidiosa subsp.fastidiosa LMG 17159,
Streptomyces scabiei JCM 7914, Bacillus megaterium GIM1.270, Clavibacter
michiganensis JCM1370;Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1 can prey on Rhizobium radiobacter GIM
1.274, Pseudomonas syringae GIM 1.330, Acidovorax avenae subsp avenae JCM
20985, Rhodococcus fascians NBRC 12155, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens GIM
1.343, Erwinia persicina GIM 1.331, Arthrobacter ilicis JCM 12267, Erwinia
Chrysanthemi GIMT 1.178, Pantoea stewartii subsp.stewartii LMG 2715, Ralstonia
Solanacearum GIM 1.70, Rhizobacter dauci DSM 11587, Sphingomonas suberifaciens
JCM 8521, Xanthomonas campestris JCM 20466, Xylella fastidiosa subsp.fastidiosa
LMG 17159, Streptomyces scabiei JCM 7914, Bacillus megaterium GIM1.270,
Clavibacter michiganensis JCM1370;.
The plant pathogenetic bacteria of table 1 and the disease of induction
Embodiment 2:Inhibitory action research of the metabolite of slime bacteria to plant pathogenetic bacteria (peachiness Erwinia)
In VY/2 culture mediums, (5g Angel active dry yeasrs, are added water and boil 10min, and 1g MgSO are added after cooling4,1g
CaCl2, adjust pH to 7.4, be settled to 1L, high-temperature heat sterilization uses preceding addition 0.5mg vitamin Bs12) in be inoculated with three plants respectively
Slime bacteria Myxococcus sp.GIMe-3-1, Polyangium sp.8#-3 and Cystobacter sp.XJ9-1,150rpm,
30 DEG C of culture 7d, 4000rpm centrifugations, collect thalline and fermented liquid supernatant respectively.Zymotic fluid is extracted with isometric ethyl acetate
After 12h, extract rotary evaporation, with methanol dissolution extraction thing, zymotic fluid extract is obtained.Ultrasound is broken after thalline acetone soak
It is broken, then it is extracted with ethyl acetate after 12h, extract rotary evaporation, with methanol dissolution extraction thing, obtains the extraction of bacterial cell disruption liquid
Thing.Zymotic fluid extract and bacterial cell disruption liquid extract are dissolved into 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL concentration with methanol respectively.Inoculation is planted
Thing pathogenetic bacteria is cultivated for 30 DEG C to NA fluid nutrient mediums 150rpm and arrives logarithmic phase.By plant pathogenetic bacteria (the peachiness Europe of logarithmic phase
Wen bacterium) solution by volume 1:100 ratios are mixed with 50 DEG C or so of NA agar mediums (liquid condition), each after shaking up
Plate adds 20mL.The zymotic fluid extract solution or bacterial cell disruption liquid extract that 5 μ L various concentrations have been added dropwise are adhered on flat board
The 6mm diameter filter papers of solution.Antibacterial circle diameter is determined after 37 DEG C of 24~36h of culture.Three plants of slime bacteria crude extracts are to peachiness Europe
The inhibition of Wen bacterium is shown in Table 1.
Antibacterial circle diameter of the 1. 3 plants of slime bacteria crude extracts of table to peachiness Erwinia