Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides water treatment integrated equipment combining biological membranes and electric filtration and a water treatment process for the first time. And the operation cost is reduced under the condition of ensuring the treatment effect, and the system can continuously work.
The invention provides a water treatment integrated device combining biological membrane and electric filtration,
comprises a sewage adjusting chamber, a biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber and an electric filtration treatment chamber which are communicated in sequence,
a screen is respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of the sewage adjusting chamber;
in the biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber, biomembrane filler is paved in the biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber, and an aeration head is paved at the bottom of the biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber;
the electric filtering treatment chamber is internally provided with a plurality of sets of electric filtering devices which are connected in parallel, the water inlet of each set of electric filtering device is provided with an inclined flow mud guard, and each set of electric filtering device is internally provided with a micron-sized reticular ruthenium-titanium anode and a stainless steel microporous cathode.
In the water treatment integrated equipment, a first screen is arranged at a water inlet of the sewage adjusting chamber and is used for filtering scum and particulate matters; a water outlet of the sewage regulating chamber is provided with a second screen, and the meshes of the second screen are smaller than those of the first screen, are used for further filtering scum and particulate matters and are used as a channel for water to enter the biofilm reactor from the pretreatment device; the first screen and the second screen are both stainless steel metal screens; the bottom side of the sewage adjusting chamber is provided with a sludge cleaning and discharging port.
In the water treatment integrated equipment, a plurality of columnar biological membrane fillers are vertically paved in a sewage treatment chamber by a biological membrane method; the biomembrane filler is used for growing biomembrane fibers, namely the biofilm-forming filamentous fibers are vertically paved in a biomembrane sewage treatment chamber in a bundle shape, and the paving density is related to hydraulic factors such as the pollution concentration of the inlet sewage, hydraulic load and the like;
the aeration head is externally connected with a blast aerator and is used for aerating the biological membrane fibers so that microorganisms on the surface of the biological filler degrade organic matters in the domestic wastewater into stable inorganic matters through aerobic metabolism;
the distance between the aeration head and the bottom of the biomembrane fiber is 5-20 cm.
In the water treatment integrated equipment, the shell of the biomembrane method sewage treatment chamber is a closed container made of a stainless steel plate, and the top of the shell is provided with a fault inspection port.
In the above water treatment integrated apparatus, the stainless steel microporous cathode is a stainless steel sintered mesh or a micron-pore screen.
In the water treatment integrated equipment, a guide plate is arranged at a water inlet in the middle of the electric filtering device, and a mud bucket is arranged at the bottom of the electric filtering device; the micron-sized mesh ruthenium-titanium anode and the stainless steel microporous cathode are arranged above the oblique flow fender in parallel, and the stainless steel microporous cathode is arranged below the micron-sized mesh ruthenium-titanium anode.
In the above-mentioned water treatment integrated equipment, the contained angle between oblique flow fender and the electric filtration treatment chamber shell bottom is 30 ~ 45, and the biofilm that drops that bigger solid particle granule and flocculation are better gathers each other under oblique flow fender effect, free sedimentation to the mud bucket.
In the water treatment integrated equipment, the biological film filler is common biological film filler; the biomembrane filler can also be a common biomembrane filler modified by a gutta-percha natural material, and compared with the common biomembrane filler, the filler has better hydrophilicity and larger surface roughness, and is more favorable for microorganism attachment.
The invention also provides a water treatment process based on the equipment, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, sewage enters a front chamber of a biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber after being filtered by a sewage adjusting chamber, and biochemical reaction is carried out in the biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber;
secondly, controlling the gas-water ratio of the sewage treatment chamber by the biomembrane method to be 10-20: 1; properly aerating the biofilm-hanging microorganisms by a blast aerator, sequentially carrying out aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic metabolism of the microorganisms by biofilm fillers from the surface to the inside, degrading organic matters and simultaneously completing the processes of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and updating a biofilm;
thirdly, the aged and fallen biological membrane in the biological membrane sewage treatment chamber is discharged into an electric filtering device of the electric filtering treatment chamber along with effluent, larger particles and flocculating constituents are mutually enriched and freely precipitated under the action of an inclined flow fender and are removed in a mud bucket, and smaller flocculating constituents or floating substances float to the vicinity of a stainless steel microporous cathode at the upper part of the electric filtering device;
fourthly, the electric filtration is realized through a stainless steel microporous cathode, and the selection of the aperture of the filter material is set according to different separation requirements, such as algae-containing water, biochemical effluent containing sludge and the like; after the cathode is electrified, the main reaction is as follows:
4H2O(l)+4e-→2H2↑+4OH-,
micro bubbles generated near the stainless steel microporous cathode can realize self-cleaning of the stainless steel microporous cathode filter screen microscopically, prevent granular and bioactive substances from blocking the pore channel of the stainless steel microporous cathode filter screen and realize self-cleaning of electric gas evolution;
fifthly, filtering the water through the stainless steel microporous cathode to reach an action area of a micron-sized mesh ruthenium-titanium anode, applying voltage to the anode to generate a biocidal effect, wherein the biocidal effect is mainly realized through an electric field gradient and active oxygen and active chlorine (20-60 mg/L of chloride ions generally exist in natural water) generated by the anode, and the anode mainly reacts as follows:
2H2O(l)→ O2↑+4H++4e-;
2Cl--2e-= Cl2;
Cl2+H2O=HClO+HCl;
the sewage overflows from the top and is discharged after the biocidal treatment of active oxygen and active chlorine;
the active oxygen and the active chlorine can prevent algae and microorganisms in the sewage from attaching to the filter material (which is a main reason for fouling a traditional MBR membrane), kill bacteria in the effluent and ensure the cleanness of the effluent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the electric filtering device replaces a membrane separation system or a secondary sedimentation tank, and forms a set of combined process with a front-arranged grating and a biofilm reactor. The electric filtering device mainly comprises a micron-sized reticular ruthenium-titanium anode and a stainless steel microporous cathode, has the effects of filtering, electric gas evolution self-cleaning, biocidal and the like after voltage is applied, can realize maintenance-free and less maintenance, and is suitable for treating rural sewage and black and odorous water. Wherein, the filtration is realized by a cathode (generally a stainless steel sintering net or a micron-pore screen) with the filtration function, and different separation requirements (such as algae-containing water, biochemical effluent containing sludge and the like) are realized by the selection of the aperture of the filter material; after the cathode is electrified, the generated micro bubbles can realize self-cleaning of the filtering material on a microcosmic scale, prevent granular and bioactive substances from blocking the pore channel of the filtering material and realize the self-cleaning of the electrogas evolution; the biocidal effect is mainly realized by the electric field gradient and active oxygen and active chlorine (20-60 mg/L of chloride ions generally exist in natural water) generated by the anode, and algae and microorganisms in sewage can be prevented from attaching to the filter material (which is the main reason for fouling the traditional BMR membrane). Through the electric filtering process, the micropores of the filtering material can be kept smooth, the continuous and stable sludge-water separation performance is ensured, and the active oxidation free radicals can play the effects of killing bacteria and reducing sludge. On the other hand, the front section of the electric filtering device adopts a biomembrane method to remove pollutants, the biomembrane method has the characteristics of large biomass, long sludge age and less residual sludge, is used for rural sewage treatment and field treatment of black and odorous water, has the characteristics of high treatment efficiency, standard effluent water quality, less residual organic sludge, good stability, small occupied area, low maintenance requirement, unattended operation and the like, is suitable for application of rural distributed sewage treatment, water quality strengthening purification of black and odorous water and the like, and has good market prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The technical solution of the present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
As shown in figure 2, the integrated sewage treatment process based on the novel electric filtering device comprises integrated process equipment formed by combining a sewage conditioning chamber 100, a biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber 200 and an electric filtering treatment chamber 300, wherein the biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber 200 adopts a modified common biological filler biomembrane process, and the electric filtering treatment chamber 300 adopts an electric filtering dialysis technology.
The sewage adjusting chamber 100 has both functions of deslagging and water distribution, and an inlet of the sewage adjusting chamber is provided with a first screen 101 with larger screen holes and an outlet of the sewage adjusting chamber is provided with a second screen 102 with thinner screen holes; the two screens are both stainless steel meshes and are used for filtering larger scum, particulate matters and the like;
the biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber 200 is a modified common biofilm process sewage treatment chamber, the biomembrane process sewage treatment chamber 200 adopts a closed reactor formed by welding stainless steel, the side part is provided with a fault inspection port 205, the bottom part is paved with an aeration head 203 and is externally connected with a blast aerator 204 for aeration; laying biofilm microorganisms which are biofilm-formed by biofilm fibers 202 and form a biofilm filter material 201 in the reactor;
a plurality of sets of electric filtering devices which are arranged in parallel are arranged in the electric filtering treatment chamber 300, the electric filtering devices are connected with the biomembrane method sewage treatment chamber 200 through pipelines, and the water inlet flow is controlled by a pump (the pump is not needed under the condition of reasonable elevation arrangement); the water inlet part of the electric filtering device is provided with a guide plate 303 and a mud guard 304, the side part of the electric filtering device is provided with a fault inspection port 306, the bottom of the electric filtering device is provided with a mud discharge hopper 305, the bottom of the mud discharge hopper 305 is provided with a mud discharge port, the top of the electric filtering device is provided with a micron-sized mesh ruthenium-titanium anode 301 and a stainless steel microporous cathode 302, the two electrodes are externally connected with a detection and monitoring system 307, the system is used for controlling the voltage of the two electrodes of the electric filtering device, the stainless steel microporous cathode 302, and sewage is subjected to deep treatment by the electric filtering device.
The main process parameters in this example are as follows: the volume ratio of the sewage adjusting chamber 100, the biomembrane sewage treatment chamber 200 and the electric filtration treatment chamber 300 is set to be 1:4:2, the length, width and height dimensions are respectively 200mm (800 mm, 400 mm) x 500mm, the gas-water ratio is controlled to be 15:1, the hydraulic retention time is 5h, the water flow is controlled to be 40L/h, the distance between a guide plate and the upper edge of a mud bucket is 120mm, the inclination angle of the mud bucket is 60 degrees, and the inclination angle of an inclined plate sedimentation tank is 45 degrees (the size and the dimension of the inclined plate sedimentation tank are consistent with the dimension of a BMR reactor); the voltage applied to the two ends of the electrode is 1.5V, and the length, width and thickness of the anode and cathode plates are 100mm multiplied by 3 mm;
the function of each working chamber is as follows:
(1) sewage conditioning chamber 100: the two stainless steel filter screens of the adjusting chamber and the water inlet and the water outlet thereof remove slag and mix uniformly for the inlet water, which is beneficial to the subsequent process;
(2) biofilm process sewage treatment room 200: the sewage after deslagging enters the sewage treatment chamber 200 of biomembrane process, under the appropriate aeration condition, the biomembrane carries on aerobic, facultative anaerobic, anaerobic biological metabolism reaction from outside to inside separately, carry on the phosphorus and nitrogen removal process while degrading organic matter, and carry on the renewal of the biomembrane, the biomembrane aged enters the electric filtration treatment chamber 300 with the rivers;
(3) pretreatment in the electro-filtration treatment chamber 300: the aged and fallen biological membranes in the biological membrane sewage treatment chamber 200 are discharged into an electric filter device along with effluent, an inclined plate is arranged at the water inlet of the electric filter device, larger particles and flocculating constituents are mutually enriched under the action of a mud guard and freely precipitate to a mud bucket for removal, and smaller flocculating constituents or floating substances float to the upper part of the electric filter device (near the lower surface of an electric filter cathode plate) if not removed;
(4) the electric filtration is realized by a cathode (generally a stainless steel sintering net or a micron-pore screen) with a filtration function, and the pore size of the filter material is set according to different separation requirements (such as algae-containing water, biochemical effluent containing sludge and the like); micro bubbles generated by the cathode after electrification near the filter screen can realize self-cleaning of the filter material on a microcosmic scale, prevent granular and bioactive substances from blocking the pore channel of the filter material and realize self-cleaning of the electrogas evolution;
the water filtered by the cathode filter screen reaches the action area of the micron-sized mesh ruthenium-titanium anode, the anode generates a biocidal effect after voltage is applied, and the biocidal effect is mainly realized by the electric field gradient and active oxygen and active chlorine (20-60 mg/L chloride ions generally exist in natural water) generated by the anode, so that algae and microorganisms in sewage can be prevented from attaching to the filtering material, bacteria and the like in the discharged water can be killed, and the cleanness of the discharged water is ensured.