CN106958461A - 一种具有冷却结构的导向叶片 - Google Patents

一种具有冷却结构的导向叶片 Download PDF

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CN106958461A
CN106958461A CN201710334694.6A CN201710334694A CN106958461A CN 106958461 A CN106958461 A CN 106958461A CN 201710334694 A CN201710334694 A CN 201710334694A CN 106958461 A CN106958461 A CN 106958461A
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wall
array element
guide vane
inner chamber
point array
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张学军
孙兵兵
刘伟
唐思熠
秦仁耀
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AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187—Convection cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
    • F01D9/065—Fluid supply or removal conduits traversing the working fluid flow, e.g. for lubrication-, cooling-, or sealing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/22—Manufacture essentially without removing material by sintering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/234—Laser welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/11—Shroud seal segments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
    • F05D2250/28—Three-dimensional patterned
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
    • F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
    • F05D2250/313—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being perpendicular to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
    • F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
    • F05D2250/314—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being inclined in relation to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape
    • F05D2250/75—Shape given by its similarity to a letter, e.g. T-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05D2260/2212—Improvement of heat transfer by creating turbulence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05D2260/2214—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于涡轮发动机导向叶片设计技术领域，特别涉及一种具有冷却结构的导向叶片。在导向叶片的叶身内腔或缘板外壁处填充点阵单元，所述填充的点阵单元由杆件组成，每根杆件长度尺寸为3mm～10mm，杆件直径为0.5mm～5mm，点阵单元为四面体型或金字塔型或kagome构型，点阵单元在叶身内腔或缘板外壁的三维空间内周期性重复排列，各个点阵单元通过结点相互连接，将叶身内腔填满或覆盖缘板外壁，并与叶片内腔壁或缘板外壁相连。本发明的设计方法是在导向叶片的叶身内腔或缘板外壁处填充呈周期性重复排列的点阵单元，这些点阵单元通过结点相互连接并具有较高的孔隙率。本发明能进一步提高导向叶片的冷却效率，具有较大的应用前景。

Description

一种具有冷却结构的导向叶片
技术领域
本发明属于涡轮发动机导向叶片设计技术领域，特别涉及一种具有冷却结构的导向叶片。
背景技术
燃气涡轮发动机的效率随着涡轮入口温度的提高而增加，目前的燃气温度已经远高于叶片材料的温度极限，必须对涡轮叶片进行有效的冷却才能保证燃气涡轮的正常工作。燃气轮机中的高温部件，如燃烧室、涡轮、尾喷管等的工作环境非常恶劣，由此造成高温部件的可靠性差、寿命短。据美国权威部门的统计，燃气轮机中的故障有60％以上出现在高温部件，并有不断上升的趋势。我国的一些燃气轮机高温部件的寿命只有几百小时，高温部件的材料费及加工费高昂，由此带来的经济损失十分严重。
目前，涡轮发动机最常采用冷却结构是内部冷却结合气膜冷却，即在叶片表面制备出数量多而密的气膜孔，从叶片内腔向外喷出小股冷气在叶片外表面形成气膜，隔离热源并带走热量，同时叶片内腔通过冷却气流冷却，以降低叶片实际的工作温度。
为达到优良的冷却效果，先进燃气轮机的叶片冷却结构已经非常复杂，但冷却效果仍显不足，由于冷效不足，易造成导孔处热障涂层剥落，导孔、缘板、叶身等处出现裂纹等缺陷，继续保持原有散热结构的前提下，提高构件的冷却能力已十分困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服现有燃气轮机导向叶片冷效不足，提供一种具有新型冷却结构的导向叶片。本发明的技术解决方案是，在导向叶片的叶身内腔或缘板外壁处填充点阵单元，所述填充的点阵单元由杆件组成，每根杆件长度尺寸为3mm～10mm，杆件直径为2mm～5mm。点阵单元为四面体型或金字塔型或kagome构型，点阵单元在叶身内腔或缘板外壁的三维空间内周期性重复排列，各个点阵单元通过结点相互连接，将叶身内腔填满或覆盖缘板外壁，并与叶片内腔壁或缘板外壁相连。
本发明具有的优点和有益效果：本发明的点阵结构具有较高的表面积，且能通过金属杆单元和内部连通结构的流体对流传热，具有十分良好的主动传热特性，本发明利用点阵结构高散热特点，达到提高导向叶片冷却效率，提高构件使用寿命，延长翻修周期的目的。基本方法是：在导向叶片的叶身内腔、缘板外壁等处填充点阵结构，这些点阵单元必须相互连接并具有便于冷气流动的连接通道，再根据导向叶片冷气流动方向选取合适的点阵构型，并调整点阵方向，使冷气流动的阻力最小，最后根据导向叶片的结构和尺寸确定点阵单元的尺寸和填充数量。
本发明的设计方法是在导向叶片的叶身内腔或缘板外壁处填充呈周期性重复排列的点阵单元，这些点阵单元通过结点相互连接并具有较高的孔隙率。本发明能进一步提高导向叶片的冷却效率，具有较大的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明中向叶片点阵填充位置示意图，其中，1叶身内腔示意图；2缘板外壁示意图；
图2是本发明点阵单元中一种典型结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明做进一步阐述，但本发明并不局限于具体实施例。
在导向叶片的叶身内腔1或缘板外壁2处填充点阵单元，所述填充的点阵单元由杆件3组成，每根杆件长度尺寸为3mm～10mm，杆件直径为0.5mm～5mm，点阵单元为四面体型或金字塔型或kagome构型，点阵单元在叶身内腔的三维空间或缘板外壁的表面周期性重复排列，各个点阵单元通过结点相互连接，将叶身内腔填满或覆盖缘板外壁，并与叶片内腔壁或缘板外壁相连。
实施例
具有点阵冷却结构的发动机一级导向叶片：
(1)在发动机的一级导向叶片的叶身内腔和缘板外壁处设计点阵结构，如图1所示；
(2)选取图2所示的结构为点阵单元，该点阵单元由位于正方体的对角线处的4根杆件组成，4根杆相交于正方体的中心位置，其中点阵中杆的直径为2mm，杆的长度为5.2mm。
(3)采用步骤(2)所述点阵结构将发动机一级导向叶片叶身内腔填满。
(4)同意选区图2所示的结构为点阵单元，该点阵单元由位于正方体的对角线处的4根杆件组成，4根杆相交于正方体的中心位置，杆件的直径为0.5mm，杆件的长度为3.46mm。
(5)采用步骤(2)所述的点阵结构将发动机一级导向叶片缘板外壁完全覆盖，点阵覆盖层厚度为1层点阵结构厚度，约2mm。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所做的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有冷却结构的导向叶片，其特征在于：在导向叶片的叶身内腔或缘板外壁处填充点阵单元，所述填充的点阵单元由杆件组成，每根杆件长度尺寸为3mm～10mm，杆件直径为0.5mm～5mm，点阵单元为四面体型或金字塔型或kagome构型，点阵单元在叶身内腔或缘板外壁的三维空间内周期性重复排列，各个点阵单元通过结点相互连接，将叶身内腔填满或覆盖缘板外壁，并与叶片内腔壁或缘板外壁相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有冷却结构的导向叶片，其特征在于：所述覆盖在导向叶片缘板外壁表面处的点阵结构为1～5层。
CN201710334694.6A 2017-05-12 2017-05-12 一种具有冷却结构的导向叶片 Pending CN106958461A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112610285A (zh) * 2020-12-18 2021-04-06 武汉大学 一种仿金刚石晶胞拓扑的汽轮机空心静叶强化除湿结构及汽轮机除湿装置
US11965428B1 (en) 2022-10-28 2024-04-23 Doosan Enerbility Co., Ltd. Airfoil cooling structure, airfoil having airfoil cooling structure, and turbine blade/vane element including airfoil

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US5361828A (en) * 1993-02-17 1994-11-08 General Electric Company Scaled heat transfer surface with protruding ramp surface turbulators
US5738493A (en) * 1997-01-03 1998-04-14 General Electric Company Turbulator configuration for cooling passages of an airfoil in a gas turbine engine
CN101649844A (zh) * 2009-09-09 2010-02-17 北京戴诺新思动力技术有限公司 一种基于中空结构金属/复合材料构架的风扇叶片
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN112610285A (zh) * 2020-12-18 2021-04-06 武汉大学 一种仿金刚石晶胞拓扑的汽轮机空心静叶强化除湿结构及汽轮机除湿装置
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