CN106954232B - Time delay optimized resource allocation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种时延优化的资源分配方法,涉及无线通信技术领域;首先,无线资源管理器确定当前时隙上待调度的用户,根据所有待调度用户在当前时隙和前一个时隙上的QSI,计算待调度用户每种业务的优先级因子,并生成用户业务的优先级顺序表,用于指导无线资源管理器对传输待调度用户优先级最高业务的数据所需发射功率的控制和对无线资源块分配的决策,然后,将资源分配结果发送给对应的待调度用户;最后,更新每个用户的每个业务对应缓存队列的QSI;本发明保证网络内所有缓存队列的有界性,以减少业务的平均传输时延,且在实现网络稳定性的前提下,使网络能量效率性能趋近最优值。
The invention discloses a resource allocation method for time delay optimization, which relates to the technical field of wireless communication. First, the wireless resource manager determines the users to be scheduled in the current time slot, according to the current time slot and the previous time slot of all the users to be scheduled. On the QSI, calculate the priority factor of each service of the user to be scheduled, and generate a priority sequence table of user services, which is used to guide the radio resource manager to transmit the data of the user to be scheduled with the highest priority. and the decision on radio resource block allocation, then, the resource allocation result is sent to the corresponding user to be scheduled; finally, the QSI of each service corresponding to the cache queue of each user is updated; the present invention ensures that all cache queues in the network are bounded In order to reduce the average transmission delay of services, and on the premise of achieving network stability, the network energy efficiency performance can approach the optimal value.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域,具体是无线接入网中的一种时延优化的资源分配方法。The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a resource allocation method for time delay optimization in a wireless access network.
背景技术Background technique
根据Cisco在2016年公开的调研报告中显示,目前超过55%的数据流量来自于视频流媒体和语音会话业务,这类时延敏感的实时业务在未来5年仍将保持指数式增长,预计到2020年,实时业务所产生的数据流量将占总数据流量的75%以上。因此,为了保证智能手机、平板电脑和可穿戴设备等智能终端所运行的实时业务能给客户带来更优越的用户体验,移动互联网应用对无线网络的时延性能提出了更高的要求。According to Cisco's public research report in 2016, more than 55% of the current data traffic comes from video streaming media and voice conversation services, and such delay-sensitive real-time services will continue to grow exponentially in the next five years. In 2020, the data traffic generated by real-time services will account for more than 75% of the total data traffic. Therefore, in order to ensure that real-time services run by smart terminals such as smart phones, tablet computers, and wearable devices can bring better user experience to customers, mobile Internet applications put forward higher requirements on the latency performance of wireless networks.
实时业务对无线网络低时延的需求使得传统资源分配方法不再能有效地保证无线网络整体性能。传统资源分配方法的基本出发点是根据获取到的物理层信息,例如信道状态信息(CSI,Channel State Information)和小区间干扰情况,灵活动态地为所服务的用户调整无线网络的可用资源,优化网络的频谱效率或者能量效率。The requirement of real-time services for low-latency wireless networks makes traditional resource allocation methods no longer able to effectively guarantee the overall performance of wireless networks. The basic starting point of the traditional resource allocation method is to flexibly and dynamically adjust the available resources of the wireless network for the served users and optimize the network according to the obtained physical layer information, such as Channel State Information (CSI, Channel State Information) and inter-cell interference. spectral efficiency or energy efficiency.
然而,这种资源分配方法无法根据用户请求业务的实际时延情况,进行有效减少业务传输时延的资源分配,也无法针对用户所请求业务的时延特性而做出时延优化的资源分配策略。仅利用物理层信息而优化物理层性能指标的资源分配方法并不能为用户提供高层次的服务质量保证,也无法进一步提高无线网络的时延性能。因此,有必要提出一种能够根据用户请求业务的时延特性和对应缓存队列的队列状态信息(QSI,Queue StateInformation)而进行时延优化的资源分配方法,以减少用户所请求业务的传输时延,实现网络的稳定性,为用户提供更好的服务质量(QoS,Quality of Service)。However, this resource allocation method cannot perform resource allocation that effectively reduces the service transmission delay according to the actual delay of the service requested by the user, and cannot make a resource allocation strategy that optimizes the delay according to the delay characteristics of the service requested by the user. . The resource allocation method that only uses the physical layer information to optimize the physical layer performance index cannot provide users with high-level service quality assurance, nor can it further improve the delay performance of the wireless network. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a resource allocation method that can optimize the delay according to the delay characteristics of the service requested by the user and the queue state information (QSI, Queue State Information) of the corresponding cache queue, so as to reduce the transmission delay of the service requested by the user. , to achieve network stability and provide users with better quality of service (QoS, Quality of Service).
目前大多数针对实时业务而做出时延优化的资源分配方法通常考虑了用户的时延情况、业务的优先级和用户当前的CSI,能够满足用户对于实时业务的QoS要求,实现较好的网络整体性能,但是相关算法复杂度通常较高,无法同时兼顾实时业务和非实时业务的差异化QoS需求,亦或会出现网络数据包丢弃率较高的情况,无法保证网络的稳定性,亦或缺少对建设绿色通信网络中对实现高能效性能的考虑。At present, most of the resource allocation methods that optimize the delay for real-time services usually consider the user's delay, the priority of the service and the user's current CSI, which can meet the user's QoS requirements for real-time services and achieve a better network. Overall performance, but the complexity of related algorithms is usually high, and it is impossible to take into account the differentiated QoS requirements of real-time services and non-real-time services at the same time, or there may be a high rate of network packet discarding, which cannot guarantee the stability of the network, or There is a lack of consideration for achieving energy-efficient performance in building green communication networks.
作为一个当前被学术界和产业界广泛研究的指标,能量效率用于估计能量如何被高效利用,既需要考虑优化网络的总速率和,也需要考虑优化网络的整体能耗。因此,亟需提出一种新的时延优化的资源分配方法,在保证各用户业务平均传输时延在设定的门限范围内,同时最大程度地提高网络的能量效率性能。As an indicator that is currently widely studied in academia and industry, energy efficiency is used to estimate how energy is efficiently utilized, which needs to consider not only the total rate sum of the optimized network, but also the overall energy consumption of the optimized network. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a new resource allocation method for delay optimization, which can ensure that the average transmission delay of each user service is within the set threshold range, and at the same time maximize the energy efficiency performance of the network.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此,本发明提出了一种时延优化的资源分配方法,是一种实现网络能量效率和平均传输时延均衡的资源分配方法,该方法根据各用户的CSI和QSI,动态地控制无线资源的分配,旨在网络能量效率的最大化,同时还针对业务时延特性的不同,按需地对业务的平均传输时延进行优化,保证业务的平均传输时延不超过设定的门限。In view of this, the present invention proposes a resource allocation method for delay optimization, which is a resource allocation method for realizing network energy efficiency and average transmission delay balance. The allocation of resources is aimed at maximizing the energy efficiency of the network, and at the same time, according to the different service delay characteristics, the average transmission delay of the service is optimized on demand to ensure that the average transmission delay of the service does not exceed the set threshold.
具体步骤如下:Specific steps are as follows:
步骤一、无线资源管理器统计网络能感知的具有不同时延特性的业务类型;Step 1: The wireless resource manager counts service types with different delay characteristics that the network can perceive;
业务类型共N种;表示为{1,2,…,n,…,N};n为业务序号;所有附着用户共K个;表示为{1,2,…,k,…,K};k为用户标识。There are N types of service types; expressed as {1,2,…,n,…,N}; n is the service serial number; there are K total attached users; expressed as {1,2,…,k,…,K}; k is the user ID.
步骤二、针对每个资源分配时隙,无线资源管理器在起始时刻为每种业务配置业务控制参数,以及确定在当前时隙内所有可用无线资源块的集合;Step 2, assigning a time slot for each resource, the radio resource manager configures service control parameters for each service at the starting moment, and determines the set of all available radio resource blocks in the current time slot;
(1)无线资源管理器依次为网络能感知的N种业务配置业务控制参数;(1) The radio resource manager sequentially configures service control parameters for N services that the network can perceive;
Vn为业务n的业务控制参数;V n is the service control parameter of service n;
(2)无线资源管理器确定当前时隙内所有可用无线资源块的集合;(2) The radio resource manager determines the set of all available radio resource blocks in the current time slot;
对所有可用无线资源块进行序列编号并统计数量;所有可用无线资源块的集合定义为{1,2,…,R},所述的可用无线资源块是指未分配给任何用户的处于空闲状态的无线资源块,自然数R为当前时隙内所有可用无线资源块的总数量;All available radio resource blocks are serially numbered and counted; the set of all available radio resource blocks is defined as {1,2,...,R}, and the available radio resource blocks refer to the idle state that is not allocated to any user , the natural number R is the total number of all available radio resource blocks in the current time slot;
步骤三、针对每个资源分配时隙,无线资源管理器获取每个用户的每种业务对应缓存队列的QSI,确定所有需要进行调度的用户并获取所有待调度用户在当前时隙的CSI;
所述的缓存队列的QSI是指缓存队列中待传输业务数据的积压数量;所述的CSI为用户在可用无线资源块上的信道增益;The QSI of the buffer queue refers to the backlog of service data to be transmitted in the buffer queue; the CSI is the channel gain of the user on the available radio resource blocks;
无线资源管理器根据每一个用户的每种业务对应的缓存队列是否为空,确定当前时隙所有需要进行调度的用户,并获取所有待调度用户在当前时隙上报的CSI;According to whether the buffer queue corresponding to each service of each user is empty, the radio resource manager determines all users that need to be scheduled in the current time slot, and obtains the CSI reported by all users to be scheduled in the current time slot;
步骤四、针对每个待调度用户的每个业务,无线资源管理器分别获取对应缓存队列在当前时隙t以及前一个时隙t-1的QSI;Step 4: For each service of each user to be scheduled, the radio resource manager obtains the QSI of the corresponding buffer queue in the current time slot t and the previous time slot t-1 respectively;
步骤五、无线资源管理器根据时隙t以及时隙t-1的QSI,计算每个待调度用户每个业务的优先级并确定每个待调度用户优先级最高的业务;Step 5, the radio resource manager calculates the priority of each service of each user to be scheduled and determines the service with the highest priority of each user to be scheduled according to the QSI of time slot t and time slot t-1;
计算每个待调度用户k′每种业务的优先级公式如下:The formula for calculating the priority of each service of each user k' to be scheduled is as follows:
PRIk′,n(t)=(Qk′,n(t))2-(Qk′,n(t-1))2 PRI k',n (t)=(Q k',n (t)) 2 -(Q k',n (t-1)) 2
PRIk′,n(t)为在时隙t上待调度用户k′关于业务n的优先级因子,Qk′,n(t)为时隙t上待调度用户k′关于业务n对应缓存队列的QSI;PRI k',n (t) is the priority factor of user k' to be scheduled on service n on time slot t, Q k',n (t) is the buffer corresponding to service n of user k' to be scheduled on time slot t QSI of the queue;
对于每个待调度的用户,最大优先级因子所对应业务的优先级最高;For each user to be scheduled, the service corresponding to the maximum priority factor has the highest priority;
步骤六、无线资源管理器从可用无线资源块集合中选出编号值最小的无线资源块,计算在该无线资源块上传输每个待调度用户优先级最高业务数据所需的最优发射功率和效用因子;Step 6: The radio resource manager selects the radio resource block with the smallest number value from the set of available radio resource blocks, and calculates the optimal transmit power and utility factor;
具体步骤如下:Specific steps are as follows:
首先,无线资源管理器从步骤二中确定的可用无线资源块集合中选出编号值最小的无线资源块的序号为r;First, the radio resource manager selects the radio resource block with the smallest number value from the set of available radio resource blocks determined in step 2, and the sequence number is r;
然后,计算在无线资源块r上传输每个待调度用户优先级最高业务的数据时,所需的最优发射功率;Then, calculate the optimal transmit power required when transmitting the data of the service with the highest priority of each user to be scheduled on the radio resource block r;
针对待调度用户k′,计算在无线资源块r上传输其优先级最高业务n的数据时,所需的最优发射功率公式如下:For the to-be-scheduled user k', when calculating the data of the highest priority service n to be transmitted on the radio resource block r, the required optimal transmit power formula is as follows:
Pk′,n,r(t)为在时隙t上使用无线资源块r传输待调度用户k′优先级最高业务n的数据时所需的最优发射功率;W是无线资源块r的带宽;ε是数值介于0到1之间的能量效率因子,ε数值越接近自然数1则表示系统的电能转化率越高;为在时隙t上待调度用户k′的能量效率值;σ2为无线资源块r上对应的高斯白噪声功率;gk′,r(t)为在时隙t上待调度用户k′在无线资源块r上的信道增益;Pmax为无线接入点的最大发射功率;P k',n,r (t) is the optimal transmit power required when using the radio resource block r to transmit the data of the highest priority service n of the user k' to be scheduled on the time slot t; W is the value of the radio resource block r Bandwidth; ε is an energy efficiency factor with a value between 0 and 1. The closer the value of ε is to the natural number 1, the higher the power conversion rate of the system; is the energy efficiency value of user k' to be scheduled on time slot t; σ 2 is the corresponding white Gaussian noise power on radio resource block r; g k',r (t) is user k' to be scheduled on time slot t The channel gain on the wireless resource block r; Pmax is the maximum transmit power of the wireless access point;
Pk′,n,r(t)取值遵循以下公式:取最小值的函数定义为取最大值的函数定义为 The value of P k′,n,r (t) follows the following formula: The function of taking the minimum value is defined as The function to take the maximum value is defined as
最后,根据服务每个待调度用户所需的最优发射功率,计算使用无线资源块r传输各个待调度用户优先级最高业务数据的效用因子;Finally, according to the optimal transmit power required to serve each to-be-scheduled user, calculate the utility factor of using the radio resource block r to transmit the highest-priority service data of each to-be-scheduled user;
针对待调度用户k′,计算在无线资源块r上传输其优先级最高业务的数据时的效用因子,公式如下:For the to-be-scheduled user k', calculate the utility factor when transmitting the data of the service with the highest priority on the radio resource block r. The formula is as follows:
为在时隙t上使用无线资源块r传输待调度用户k′优先级最高业务n的数据时的效用因子; is the utility factor when the radio resource block r is used to transmit the data of the service n with the highest priority of the user k' to be scheduled on the time slot t;
步骤七、根据使用最小编号值的无线资源块r传输每个待调度用户优先级最高业务数据时的效用因子,确定该无线资源块r的分配决策和功率控制结果,并且无线资源管理器更新无线资源块集合;Step 7: Determine the allocation decision and power control result of the radio resource block r according to the utility factor when transmitting the service data with the highest priority of each user to be scheduled according to the radio resource block r with the smallest number value, and the radio resource manager updates the radio resource block r. A collection of resource blocks;
首先,对所有待调度用户计算所得的效用因子进行排序,选取出最小值;同时获得最小效用因子对应的用户序号及其业务序号的取值;First, sort the utility factors calculated by all the users to be scheduled, and select the minimum value; at the same time, obtain the value of the user serial number and the service serial number corresponding to the minimum utility factor;
效用因子取得最小值时,对应的用户序号及其业务序号的取值函数为:When the utility factor reaches the minimum value, the value function of the corresponding user serial number and its service serial number is:
然后,在选取了最小效用因子对应的用户k*及其优先级最高业务n*的基础上,判断是否满足如果是,无线资源管理器将无线资源块r分配给用户k*用以传输其优先级最高业务n*的数据,并且设置在时隙t上无线接入点通过无线资源块r服务用户k*传输其优先级最高业务n*的数据的最优发射功率为否则,无线资源管理器不会将无线资源块r分配给任何待调度用户;Then, on the basis of selecting the user k * corresponding to the minimum utility factor and the service n * with the highest priority, it is judged whether it satisfies the If so, the radio resource manager allocates radio resource block r to user k * to transmit data of its highest priority service n * , and sets the wireless access point to serve user k * through radio resource block r on time slot t The optimal transmit power for transmitting data with the highest priority service n * is Otherwise, the radio resource manager will not allocate the radio resource block r to any user to be scheduled;
步骤八、无线资源管理器并判断所有的可用无线资源块是否遍历完毕;如果是,执行步骤九;否则,返回步骤六;Step 8, the radio resource manager judges whether all available radio resource blocks have been traversed; if so, execute step 9; otherwise, return to step 6;
步骤九、无线资源管理器将每个无线资源块的分配决策和功率控制结果发送给相应的待调度用户;Step 9, the radio resource manager sends the allocation decision and power control result of each radio resource block to the corresponding user to be scheduled;
步骤十、统计每个用户在当前时隙t的数据传输速率,所需消耗的总发射功率并计算下一时隙t+1的能量效率值;Step 10, count the data transmission rate of each user in the current time slot t, the total transmit power consumed and calculate the energy efficiency value of the next time slot t+1;
首先,对于分配到无线资源块的待调度用户ko,能量效率值计算方法如下:First, for the user k o to be scheduled allocated to the radio resource block, the calculation method of the energy efficiency value is as follows:
是在时隙t上采集到用户ko的数据传输速率;是在时隙t上用户ko所需的总发射功率,其定义为 is the data transmission rate of user k o collected on time slot t; is the total transmit power required by user k o on time slot t, which is defined as
对于其他未分配到无线资源块的用户io,能量效率值的计算方法如下:For other users i o that are not allocated to radio resource blocks, the calculation method of the energy efficiency value is as follows:
步骤十一、无线资源管理器对每个用户的每种业务对应缓存队列的QSI进行更新;Step 11, the radio resource manager updates the QSI of the cache queue corresponding to each service of each user;
对于在时隙t上分配到无线资源块上的待调度用户ko,其优先级最高业务n对应的缓存队列的QSI更新方法如下:For the to-be-scheduled user k o allocated to the radio resource block on the time slot t, the QSI update method of the cache queue corresponding to the service n with the highest priority is as follows:
为当前时隙t上用户ko优先级最高业务n的新数据到达速率; is the new data arrival rate of the highest priority service n of user k o on the current time slot t;
对于在时隙t上分配到无线资源块上的待调度用户ko,其非优先级最高业务no对应的缓存队列的QSI更新方法如下:For the to-be-scheduled user k o allocated to the radio resource block on the time slot t, the QSI update method of the buffer queue corresponding to the non-highest-priority service n o is as follows:
对于其他在时隙t上未分配到无线资源块的用户io每个业务对应的缓存队列的QSI更新方法如下:For other users i o that are not allocated to radio resource blocks on time slot t, the QSI update method for each service corresponding to the buffer queue is as follows:
步骤十二、无线资源管理器结束在当前时隙t的无线资源分配过程,并判断所有资源分配时隙是否全部完成,如果是,结束;否则,进入到下一个无线资源分配时隙开始时刻之际,返回执行步骤二。Step 12: The radio resource manager ends the radio resource allocation process in the current time slot t, and judges whether all resource allocation time slots are completed, if so, end; otherwise, enter the next radio resource allocation time slot start time. If so, go back to step 2.
本发明的优点在于:The advantages of the present invention are:
与现有方法相比,本发明不仅充分考虑了用户的CSI,还充分利用了缓存队列的QSI,提出的时延优化的资源分配方法优先对最迫切需要进行业务数据传输的待调度用户进行资源分配,以保证网络内所有缓存队列的有界性,实现用户请求各种业务的平均传输时延保持在设定的门限内。与此同时,在进行功率控制和无线资源块分配时,以减少各种业务的平均传输时延和网络高能量效率为目标,在实现网络的稳定性前提下,使网络的能量效率性能接近最优值,有效地改善用户的服务体验。Compared with the existing method, the present invention not only fully considers the CSI of the user, but also fully utilizes the QSI of the buffer queue, and the proposed resource allocation method for delay optimization prioritizes resource allocation to the user to be scheduled that most urgently needs to transmit service data. Allocated to ensure the boundedness of all buffer queues in the network, so that the average transmission delay of users requesting various services is kept within the set threshold. At the same time, when performing power control and radio resource block allocation, the goal is to reduce the average transmission delay of various services and to achieve high network energy efficiency. Under the premise of achieving network stability, the energy efficiency performance of the network is close to the maximum. The value of merit can effectively improve the user's service experience.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述时延优化的资源分配方法的实施例示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a resource allocation method for delay optimization according to the present invention;
图2为本发明所述时延优化的资源分配方法的流程示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of the resource allocation method for delay optimization according to the present invention.
具体实施例specific embodiment
为使本发明的目的、设计方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。In order to make the objectives, design solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明所述时延优化的资源分配方法的实施例示意图,如图1所示,无线资源管理器在执行用户调度和业务优先级确定进程时,首先无线资源管理器从基带处理器缓存区获取每个用户的每种业务对应缓存队列的QSI,确定所有在当前时隙上需要进行调度的用户,然后通过上行控制信道获取所有待调度用户在当前时隙上报的CSI;A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the resource allocation method for delay optimization according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , when the radio resource manager executes the process of user scheduling and service priority determination, the radio resource manager first obtains from the buffer area of the baseband processor Each service of each user corresponds to the QSI of the buffer queue, determines all the users that need to be scheduled in the current time slot, and then obtains the CSI reported by all the users to be scheduled in the current time slot through the uplink control channel;
无线资源管理器从基带处理器缓存区获取每个待调度用户的每种业务对应缓存队列的QSI,计算所有待调度用户每种业务的优先级因子,并按优先级因子的数值从大到小生成用户业务优先级顺序表,用于指导无线资源管理器对待调度用户所需发射功率的控制和对无线资源块的分配,然后,将决策结果通过下行控制信道发送给所有相对应的待调度用户;最后,对基带处理器缓存区中每个用户的每个业务对应缓存队列的QSI进行更新。The radio resource manager obtains the QSI of the buffer queue corresponding to each service of each user to be scheduled from the buffer area of the baseband processor, calculates the priority factor of each service of all users to be scheduled, and arranges the priority factors from large to small. Generate a user service priority sequence table to guide the radio resource manager to control the transmit power required by the users to be scheduled and allocate radio resource blocks, and then send the decision results to all the corresponding users to be scheduled through the downlink control channel ; Finally, update the QSI of the buffer queue corresponding to each service of each user in the baseband processor buffer area.
无线资源管理器执行资源分配进程在时间上以一个时隙为最小粒度,时刻监听每个用户的业务请求,无线资源分配算法按周期运行,即每个时隙更新一次无线接入点的资源分配策略,每个无线资源块在时域上占据一个时隙,而在频域上的带宽为W,对应的高斯白噪声功率为σ2,每个无线资源块在一个时隙内只能被一个用户独享使用,每个用户在一个时隙内可能分配到多个无线资源块,也可能没有分配到无线资源块,而分配到无线资源块的用户在一个时隙内只传输其优先级最高业务的数据。The wireless resource manager executes the resource allocation process with a time slot as the smallest granularity in time, and monitors the service requests of each user at all times. The wireless resource allocation algorithm runs periodically, that is, the resource allocation of the wireless access point is updated once per time slot. strategy, each radio resource block occupies a time slot in the time domain, and the bandwidth in the frequency domain is W, the corresponding white Gaussian noise power is σ 2 , and each radio resource block can only be used by one radio resource block in a time slot. Exclusive use by users, each user may be assigned to multiple radio resource blocks in a time slot, or may not be assigned to a radio resource block, and a user assigned to a radio resource block only transmits its highest priority in a time slot business data.
如图2所示,具体操作步骤如下:As shown in Figure 2, the specific operation steps are as follows:
步骤一、无线资源管理器统计网络支持的具有不同时延特性的业务类型;Step 1, the wireless resource manager counts the service types with different delay characteristics supported by the network;
网络中业务控制功能实体能感知N种具有不同时延特性的业务类型,基带处理器缓冲区可为每个用户请求的每种业务建立缓存队列,网络中所有用户的集合为{1,2,…,K},所有业务类型的集合为{1,2,…,N},其中,自然数K为网络中所有附着用户的数量,自然数N为所有业务类型的数量。The service control function entity in the network can perceive N service types with different delay characteristics, the baseband processor buffer can establish a buffer queue for each service requested by each user, and the set of all users in the network is {1, 2, ...,K}, the set of all service types is {1,2,...,N}, where the natural number K is the number of all attached users in the network, and the natural number N is the number of all service types.
步骤二、针对每个资源分配时隙,无线资源管理器在起始时刻依次为每种业务配置业务控制参数,以及确定在当前时隙内所有可用无线资源块的集合;Step 2, for each resource allocation time slot, the radio resource manager configures service control parameters for each service in turn at the starting moment, and determines the set of all available radio resource blocks in the current time slot;
首先,无线资源管理器根据N种业务时延特性的不同而将业务进行分类,依次为能感知的每一种业务配置业务控制参数;First, the radio resource manager classifies the services according to the different delay characteristics of N services, and configures service control parameters for each service that can be perceived in turn;
具体地,第一种业务定义为虚拟现实业务,第二种业务定义为视频流业务,第三种业务定位为电子邮件业务,如此类推;无线资源管理器依次为每种业务配置控制参数,Vn为业务n的业务控制参数,n为请求业务的序号且n∈{1,2,…,N};Specifically, the first service is defined as a virtual reality service, the second service is defined as a video streaming service, the third service is positioned as an email service, and so on; the wireless resource manager configures control parameters for each service in turn, V n is the service control parameter of service n, n is the serial number of the requested service and n∈{1,2,…,N};
所述的业务控制参数是用来均衡业务的平均传输时延和网络能量效率性能的非负数,一般来说,对于高实时性要求的业务,其业务控制参数设置为一个较小的数值,对于非实时性的业务,可将其业务控制参数设置为一个较大的数值;较小的业务控制参数可以保证更低的业务平均传输时延,较大的业务控制参数可以实现更高的能量效率性能;The service control parameter is a non-negative number used to balance the average transmission delay of the service and the performance of the network energy efficiency. Generally speaking, for a service with high real-time requirements, the service control parameter is set to a small value. For non-real-time services, the service control parameters can be set to a larger value; smaller service control parameters can ensure lower average service transmission delay, and larger service control parameters can achieve higher energy efficiency performance;
在初始化设置时,对于虚拟现实等高实时性要求的业务,将其对应的业务控制参数设置为一个较小的数值,以保证业务平均传输时延较低,对于电子邮件等背景级业务,可将其对应的业务控制参数设置为一个较大的数值,以保证网络实现高能量效率性能;During initialization, for services with high real-time requirements such as virtual reality, set the corresponding service control parameters to a small value to ensure a low average service transmission delay. For background-level services such as email, you can Set its corresponding service control parameter to a larger value to ensure that the network achieves high energy efficiency performance;
另外,可根据当前对网络性能要求的变化而在下一资源分配时隙对业务控制参数进行重配置,具体而言,如果网络运营商对业务n的时延性能要求增加了,可适当将Vn减少以实现更低的平均传输时延,同理,如果对请求业务n的用户的能量效率性能要求增加,可适当将Vn增大以实现网络更高的能量效率性能;In addition, the service control parameters can be reconfigured in the next resource allocation time slot according to the current change in network performance requirements. Specifically, if the network operator's requirements for the delay performance of service n increase, V n can be appropriately set to Reduce to achieve a lower average transmission delay. Similarly, if the energy efficiency performance requirements of users requesting service n increase, Vn can be appropriately increased to achieve higher energy efficiency performance of the network;
然后,遍历所有无线资源块,确定当前时隙内所有可用无线资源块的集合;Then, traverse all radio resource blocks to determine the set of all available radio resource blocks in the current time slot;
无线资源管理器遍历网络运营商对本无线接入点规划可分配的所有无线资源块,确定出当前时隙内所有可用无线资源块的数量并进行序列编号,确定所有可用无线资源块的集合,所述可用的无线资源块是指可以分配给任何用户的无线资源块,也即处于空闲状态的无线资源块;The radio resource manager traverses all the radio resource blocks that the network operator plans to allocate to the wireless access point, determines the number of all available radio resource blocks in the current time slot and numbers them in sequence, and determines the set of all available radio resource blocks. The available radio resource blocks refer to the radio resource blocks that can be allocated to any user, that is, the radio resource blocks in an idle state;
当前时隙上所有可用的无线资源块集合定义为{1,2,…,R},其中自然数R为当前时隙内所有可用无线资源块的总数量。The set of all available radio resource blocks in the current time slot is defined as {1,2,...,R}, where the natural number R is the total number of all available radio resource blocks in the current time slot.
步骤三、针对每个资源分配时隙,无线资源管理器获取每个用户的每种业务对应缓存队列在当前时隙的QSI,确定所有需要进行调度的用户并获取所有待调度用户通过上行控制信道上报自身在当前时隙的CSI;Step 3: Allocating a time slot for each resource, the radio resource manager obtains the QSI of the buffer queue corresponding to each service of each user in the current time slot, determines all the users that need to be scheduled, and obtains all the users to be scheduled through the uplink control channel. Report its own CSI in the current time slot;
无线资源管理器监听所有附着用户的请求业务,判断是否需要为用户建立关于请求业务的缓存队列,然后遍历所有用户所有业务对应的缓存队列,确定当前时隙需要进行调度的用户并获取所有待调度用户在当前时隙的CSI。The wireless resource manager monitors the requested services of all attached users, determines whether a cache queue for the requested service needs to be established for the user, and then traverses the cache queues corresponding to all services of all users, determines the users that need to be scheduled in the current time slot, and obtains all pending scheduling. CSI of the user in the current slot.
具体地,当用户k在当前无线资源分配时隙t起始时刻请求业务n时,k为用户标识且k∈{1,2,…,K};无线资源管理器访问基带处理器的缓存区,获取用户k关于请求业务n对应缓存队列在时隙t的QSI值Qk,n(t),如果没有Qk,n(t)的观察值返回,则建立Qk,n(t)并赋值Qk,n(t)=0,反之,不进行任何操作;Specifically, when user k requests service n at the beginning of the current radio resource allocation time slot t, k is the user ID and k∈{1,2,...,K}; the radio resource manager accesses the buffer area of the baseband processor , obtain the QSI value Q k,n (t) of the cache queue corresponding to the request service n in the time slot t of the user k, if no observation value of Q k,n (t) is returned, then establish Q k,n (t) and Assign Q k,n (t)=0, otherwise, no operation is performed;
如果在当前时隙内有用户去附着网络或有用户的业务数据已经传输完毕,无线资源管理器则从基带处理器缓存区删除这些用户相应业务对应的缓存队列;之后,遍历所有用户所有业务的缓存队列,如果观察到某个用户关于每种业务对应的缓存队列都没被建立,则确认该用户在当前时隙为非调度用户,反之,该用户在当前时隙为调度用户;If there are users who attach to the network in the current time slot or the service data of the users has been transmitted, the wireless resource manager deletes the buffer queues corresponding to the corresponding services of these users from the buffer area of the baseband processor; Cache queue, if it is observed that a user's corresponding cache queue for each service has not been established, it is confirmed that the user is a non-scheduled user in the current time slot, otherwise, the user is a scheduled user in the current time slot;
资源管理器收集所有待调度用户在当前无线资源分配时隙的CSI值,即所有待调度用户通过上行控制信道向无线资源管理器上报自身在当前时隙的CSI值,所述的缓存队列对应于每个用户每个业务,缓存队列的QSI是指缓存队列中待传输业务数据的积压数量,CSI为用户在可用无线资源块上的信道增益。The resource manager collects the CSI values of all users to be scheduled in the current radio resource allocation time slot, that is, all users to be scheduled report their CSI values in the current time slot to the radio resource manager through the uplink control channel, and the buffer queue corresponds to For each service of each user, the QSI of the buffer queue refers to the backlog of service data to be transmitted in the buffer queue, and the CSI is the channel gain of the user on the available radio resource blocks.
步骤四、针对每个待调度用户的每个业务,无线资源管理器访问基带处理器缓存区,分别获取所有待调度用户每个业务对应的缓存队列在当前时隙t以及前一个时隙t-1的QSI;Step 4: For each service of each user to be scheduled, the radio resource manager accesses the buffer area of the baseband processor, and obtains the cache queue corresponding to each service of all users to be scheduled in the current time slot t and the previous time slot t- 1 QSI;
步骤五、无线资源管理器根据时隙t以及时隙t-1的QSI,计算每个待调度用户每个业务的优先级因子并确定每个待调度用户优先级最高的业务;Step 5, the radio resource manager calculates the priority factor of each service of each user to be scheduled and determines the service with the highest priority of each user to be scheduled according to the QSI of time slot t and time slot t-1;
计算所述每个待调度用户每个业务的优先级因子的方法为:The method for calculating the priority factor of each service of each user to be scheduled is:
按照PRIk,n(t)=(Qk,n(t))2-(Qk,n(t-1))2确定在时隙t上用户k关于业务n的优先级因子PRIk,n(t);According to PRI k,n (t)=(Q k,n (t)) 2 -(Q k,n (t-1)) 2 , determine the priority factor PRI k of user k with respect to service n on time slot t, n (t);
对于每个待调度的用户而言,按其业务优先级因子,由大到小生成业务优先级确定优先级顺序表,最大优先级因子所对应用户业务的优先级最高,PRIk,n(t)反映了用户k的业务n在一个时隙间隔时间内业务数据积压变化的程度,当PRIk,n(t)数值比较大的时候,说明用户k关于业务n对应的缓存队列数据积压增量比较大,因此业务n调度的优先级也应该相应变高,这样可以有效减轻缓存队列处于高占满状态时造成业务平均传输时延大的情况,同时也能够有效减少新到达的业务数据发生丢包的现象。For each user to be scheduled, according to its service priority factor, the service priority is generated from large to small to determine the priority order table. The user service corresponding to the largest priority factor has the highest priority, and PRI k,n (t ) reflects the degree of change in the backlog of service data of user k's service n within a time slot interval. When the value of PRI k,n (t) is relatively large, it indicates that the backlog of cache queue data of user k corresponding to service n is incremented It is relatively large, so the priority of business n scheduling should be correspondingly higher, which can effectively reduce the large average business transmission delay when the cache queue is in a high-occupancy state, and can also effectively reduce the loss of newly arrived business data. package phenomenon.
具体地,对于用户k而言,最大优先级因子所对应业务的优先级最高,即用户k在时隙t上最急需被调度的是第i种业务,其中,函数为用户k在时隙t上PRIk,n(t)取最大值时的业务序号的取值。Specifically, for user k, the priority of the service corresponding to the maximum priority factor is the highest, that is, the service that user k needs to be scheduled most urgently on time slot t is the ith service, where, function is the value of the service sequence number when user k takes the maximum value of PRI k,n (t) on time slot t.
步骤六、无线资源管理器从确定的可用无线资源块集合中选出编号值最小的无线资源块,计算每个待调度用户在该无线资源块上传输其优先级最高业务数据所需的最优发射功率,并计算每个待调度的用户使用该无线资源块的效用因子;Step 6: The radio resource manager selects the radio resource block with the smallest number value from the determined set of available radio resource blocks, and calculates the optimal value required for each user to be scheduled to transmit its service data with the highest priority on the radio resource block. transmit power, and calculate the utility factor of each user to be scheduled using the radio resource block;
具体步骤如下:Specific steps are as follows:
首先,无线资源管理器从步骤二中确定的可用无线资源块的集合中选出编号值最小的无线资源块;First, the radio resource manager selects the radio resource block with the smallest number value from the set of available radio resource blocks determined in step 2;
假设该取出的无线资源块的序号为r。It is assumed that the sequence number of the extracted radio resource block is r.
然后,计算每个待调度用户在最小无线资源块r上传输其优先级最高业务的数据时,所需的最优发射功率;Then, calculate the optimal transmit power required when each user to be scheduled transmits the data of the service with the highest priority on the smallest radio resource block r;
无线资源管理器获取每个待调度用户优先级最高业务的业务控制参数,以及对应缓存队列在当前时隙的QSI、能量效率值和CSI,计算每个待调度用户在该无线资源块上优先级最高业务数据所需的最优发射功率;The radio resource manager obtains the service control parameters of the service with the highest priority of each user to be scheduled, as well as the QSI, energy efficiency value and CSI of the corresponding buffer queue in the current time slot, and calculates the priority of each user to be scheduled on the radio resource block The optimal transmit power required for the highest service data;
所述的最优发射功率公式如下:The optimal transmit power formula is as follows:
其中,Pk,n,r(t)为在时隙t上,使用无线资源块r传输用户k优先级最高业务n的数据时所需的最优发射功率,W是无线资源块r的带宽;gk,r(t)为在时隙t上用户k在无线资源块r上的CSI,Pmax为无线接入点的最大发射功率,为在时隙t上用户k的能量效率值,该无线资源块上对应的高斯白噪声功率为σ2,Pk,n,r(t)取值遵循以下公式:取最小值的函数定义为取最大值的函数定义为 Among them, P k,n,r (t) is the optimal transmit power required when using the radio resource block r to transmit the data of the highest priority service n of the user k on the time slot t, and W is the bandwidth of the radio resource block r ; g k,r (t) is the CSI of user k on radio resource block r in time slot t, P max is the maximum transmit power of the wireless access point, is the energy efficiency value of user k on time slot t, the corresponding white Gaussian noise power on the radio resource block is σ 2 , and the value of P k,n,r (t) follows the following formula: the function of taking the minimum value is defined as The function to take the maximum value is defined as
具体地,在时隙t上使用无线资源块r传输用户k优先级最高业务n的数据时所需的最优发射功率Pk,r,n(t)不仅与当前时隙t的CSI有关,还与QSI有关,如果用户k在无线资源块r上的信道增益越大,则发射功率也越大,以实现更高的数据传输速率和频谱利用率,另外,如果用户k关于优先级最高业务n的QSI越大,发射功率也越大,因为通过增大发射功率来提高数据传输速率,业务n的平均传输时延才能控制在一定范围内,从而实现网络的稳定性。Specifically, the optimal transmit power P k,r,n (t) required when using the radio resource block r to transmit the data of the highest priority service n of user k on time slot t is not only related to the CSI of the current time slot t, Also related to QSI, if the channel gain of user k on the radio resource block r is larger, the transmit power is also larger to achieve higher data transmission rate and spectrum utilization. In addition, if user k is concerned about the highest priority service The greater the QSI of n, the greater the transmit power, because by increasing the transmit power to improve the data transmission rate, the average transmission delay of service n can be controlled within a certain range, thereby achieving network stability.
根据每个待调度用户所需的最优发射功率,计算使用该无线资源块传输每个待调度用户优先级最高业务数据的效用因子,具体方法为:According to the optimal transmit power required by each user to be scheduled, the utility factor of using the radio resource block to transmit the service data with the highest priority of each user to be scheduled is calculated, and the specific method is as follows:
其中为在时隙t上,使用无线资源块r传输用户k优先级最高业务n的数据时的效用因子。in is the utility factor when the radio resource block r is used to transmit the data of the highest priority service n of user k on time slot t.
具体地,效用因子是使用无线资源块r服务用户k所需的发射功率与实现的数据传输速率的加权减式,如果效用因子数值越小,则反映用户k使用无线资源块r传输优先级最高业务n可以消耗越少的发射功率来得到越大的数据传输速率,即能实现更低的业务平均传输时延和更高的网络能量效率,用户k越应该分配到无线资源块r。Specifically, the utility factor is the weighted subtraction of the transmit power required to serve user k using radio resource block r and the achieved data transmission rate, if the utility factor The smaller the value is, it reflects that user k can use the radio resource block r to transmit the highest priority service n, which can consume less transmit power to obtain a larger data transmission rate, that is, it can achieve a lower average service transmission delay and a higher transmission rate. Network energy efficiency, the more user k should be allocated to the radio resource block r.
步骤七、根据使用最小编号值的无线资源块r传输每个待调度用户优先级最高业务数据时的效用因子,确定该无线资源块r的分配决策和功率控制结果,并更新无线资源块集合;Step 7: Determine the allocation decision and power control result of the radio resource block r according to the utility factor when transmitting the service data with the highest priority of each user to be scheduled according to the radio resource block r of the minimum number value, and update the radio resource block set;
所述的无线资源块分配策略方法为:The described radio resource block allocation strategy method is:
若满足条件且时,无线资源管理器将无线资源块r分配给用户k用以传输其优先级最高业务n,并且设置在时隙t上无线接入点通过无线资源块r服务用户k传输其优先级最高业务n时的最优发射功率为Pk,n,r(t),否则,无线资源管理器不会将无线资源块r分配给任何待调度用户,其中,函数为取最小值时的用户序号和业务序号的取值。If the conditions are met and When , the radio resource manager allocates radio resource block r to user k to transmit its highest priority service n, and the wireless access point is set on time slot t to serve user k to transmit its highest priority service through radio resource block r The optimal transmit power at n is P k,n,r (t), otherwise, the radio resource manager will not assign the radio resource block r to any user to be scheduled, where the function for The value of the user serial number and service serial number when taking the minimum value.
步骤八、无线资源管理器将所述的无线资源块r从无线资源块集合中删除,更新可用的无线资源块集合,判断所有的可用无线资源块是否遍历完毕;如果是,执行步骤九;否则,返回步骤六;Step 8, the radio resource manager deletes the radio resource block r from the radio resource block set, updates the available radio resource block set, and judges whether all available radio resource blocks have been traversed; if so, perform step nine; otherwise , return to step 6;
步骤九、无线资源管理器将每个无线资源块的分配决策和功率控制结果发送给相应的待调度用户;Step 9, the radio resource manager sends the allocation decision and power control result of each radio resource block to the corresponding user to be scheduled;
无线资源管理器将确定的功率控制结果和无线资源块分配决策通过下行控制信道发送给相应的待调度用户;The radio resource manager sends the determined power control result and radio resource block allocation decision to the corresponding user to be scheduled through the downlink control channel;
步骤十、无线资源管理器统计每个用户在当前时隙t传输优先级最高业务的数据传输速率,所需消耗的总发射功率并计算下一时隙t+1的能量效率值;Step ten, the radio resource manager counts the data transmission rate of each user in the current time slot t transmitting the highest priority service, the total transmit power required to consume and calculates the energy efficiency value of the next time slot t+1;
根据所有用户在当前时隙的数据传输速率和请求业务新数据的到达速率,更新所有用户所有业务对应缓存队列的QSI,结束当前时隙的资源分配过程;According to the data transmission rate of all users in the current time slot and the arrival rate of new data of the requested service, update the QSIs of the cache queues corresponding to all services of all users, and end the resource allocation process of the current time slot;
具体过程如下:The specific process is as follows:
首先,对于分配到无线资源块的待调度用户ko,能量效率值计算方法如下:First, for the user k o to be scheduled allocated to the radio resource block, the calculation method of the energy efficiency value is as follows:
其中是在时隙t上采集到用户ko的数据传输速率,是在时隙t上用户ko所需的总发射功率,其定义为ε是介于0到1之间的能量效率因子,ε数值越接近自然数1则表示系统的电能转化率越高。in is the data transmission rate of user k o collected on time slot t, is the total transmit power required by user k o on time slot t, which is defined as ε is an energy efficiency factor between 0 and 1. The closer the value of ε is to the natural number 1, the higher the power conversion rate of the system.
对于其他未分配到无线资源块的用户io,能量效率值的计算方法如下:For other users i o that are not allocated to radio resource blocks, the calculation method of the energy efficiency value is as follows:
步骤十一、无线资源管理器对每个用户的每种业务对应缓存队列的QSI进行更新;;Step 11, the wireless resource manager updates the QSI of the cache queue corresponding to each service of each user;
如果用户在时隙t上分配到无线资源块,则无线资源管理器按照下述公式对所有分配到无线资源块的用户的优先级最高的业务对应缓存队列进行更新:If a user is allocated a radio resource block on time slot t, the radio resource manager updates the cache queue corresponding to the service with the highest priority of all users allocated to the radio resource block according to the following formula:
Qk,n(t+1)=max[Qk,n(t)-Rk(t),0]+Ak,n(t);Q k,n (t+1)=max[Q k,n (t)-R k (t),0]+A k,n (t);
其中,k为分配到无线资源块的用户标识,n为用户k优先级最高业务的序号,Rk(t)为当前时隙t上用户k的数据传输速率,Ak,n(t)为当前时隙t上用户k请求优先级最高业务n的新数据到达速率,Among them, k is the user ID allocated to the radio resource block, n is the sequence number of the highest priority service of user k, R k (t) is the data transmission rate of user k on the current time slot t, and A k,n (t) is User k requests the new data arrival rate of service n with the highest priority on the current time slot t,
对于在时隙t上分配到无线资源块上的待调度用户,则无线资源管理器按照下述公式对其非优先级最高业务对应缓存队列进行更新:For the to-be-scheduled users allocated to the radio resource block on the time slot t, the radio resource manager updates the buffer queue corresponding to the service with the highest non-priority according to the following formula:
其中,no为用户k非优先级最高业务的序号,Among them, n o is the sequence number of the non-highest priority service of user k,
对于其他在时隙t上未分配到无线资源块的用户,无线资源管理器按照下述公式对所有其每个业务对应缓存队列进行更新:For other users who are not allocated to radio resource blocks on time slot t, the radio resource manager updates all the corresponding buffer queues for each service according to the following formula:
步骤十二、无线资源管理器结束在当前时隙t的无线资源分配过程,并判断所有资源分配时隙是否全部完成,如果是,结束;否则,进入到下一个无线资源分配时隙开始时刻之际,返回执行步骤二。Step 12: The radio resource manager ends the radio resource allocation process in the current time slot t, and judges whether all resource allocation time slots are completed, if so, end; otherwise, enter the next radio resource allocation time slot start time. If so, go back to step 2.
本发明的核心思想是,对每个待调度用户的每个业务进行优先级处理时,优先针对缓存队列变化率大的业务,将每个待调度用户缓存队列变化率最大的业务作为绝对高优先级的业务,这可以使缓存队列中待传输业务数据的积压数量降低到最小状态,从而减低业务平均传输时延,保证网络的稳定性;对于每个待调度用户确定优先级最高业务的数据进行传输时,以减少业务的平均传输时延和提高网络能量效率为目标,结合业务的不同时延特性、缓存队列QSI以及用户的CSI,对待调度用户进行功率控制和无线资源块分配,可以保障高实时性业务(如:现实增强业务、视频流业务)的积压数据在较短时间内得到传输,让时延不敏感的业务(如:电子邮件业务)以牺牲一定时延性能为代价,换取更高的能量效率性能表现,在实现网络的稳定性前提下,使网络的能量效率性能趋近最优值,有效地促进绿色能源网络的建设。The core idea of the present invention is that when each service of each user to be scheduled is prioritized, priority is given to the service with a large change rate of the cache queue, and the service with the largest change rate of the cache queue of each user to be scheduled is regarded as an absolute high priority. This can reduce the backlog of service data to be transmitted in the buffer queue to a minimum state, thereby reducing the average service transmission delay and ensuring the stability of the network; for each user to be scheduled, determine the highest priority service data for During transmission, with the goal of reducing the average transmission delay of services and improving network energy efficiency, combined with different delay characteristics of services, buffer queue QSI, and user CSI, power control and radio resource block allocation are performed for users to be scheduled, which can ensure high performance. The backlog of real-time services (such as augmented reality services, video streaming services) is transmitted in a relatively short period of time, so that latency-insensitive services (such as e-mail services) sacrifice a certain latency performance in exchange for more time. High energy efficiency performance, under the premise of realizing network stability, makes the energy efficiency performance of the network approach the optimal value, effectively promoting the construction of a green energy network.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.
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