CN106953620B - Tandem high repetition frequency pulse generating device - Google Patents
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- CN106953620B CN106953620B CN201710179171.9A CN201710179171A CN106953620B CN 106953620 B CN106953620 B CN 106953620B CN 201710179171 A CN201710179171 A CN 201710179171A CN 106953620 B CN106953620 B CN 106953620B
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/64—Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses
- H03K3/72—Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses with means for varying repetition rate of trains
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and discloses a tandem high repetition frequency pulse generating device. It comprises a common transmission line, a plurality of middle cylinders and a plurality of gas switches. The common transmission line is a coaxial line, and the front port and the rear port are used as two output ends; the middle cylinders are conductor round tubes with openings at two ends, and the middle cylinders are sequentially arranged between the outer conductor and the inner conductor of the common transmission line at intervals, so that a multi-stage double-cylinder pulse forming line is formed by the middle cylinders, the outer conductor and the inner conductor of the common transmission line; each double-cylinder pulse forming line is provided with a gas switch which is positioned in the middle of the double-cylinder pulse forming line, and the working voltages of all the gas switches are the same; the working mode of the multistage double-cylinder pulse forming line is that the line works from front to back at intervals. The high repetition frequency pulse generating device can generate two paths of pulses with repetition frequency reaching ten kilohertz level and can also generate one path of pulse train with instantaneous repetition frequency reaching megahertz level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and relates to a tandem high repetition frequency pulse generating device.
Background
The pulse power technology is widely applied to the fields of particle accelerators, plasma technology, wastewater and waste gas treatment and the like. After decades of development, the output peak power of the pulse power source has been greatly improved. One of the other major specifications of pulsed power sources is the repetition frequency. With the expansion of the application, higher and higher requirements are put on the repetition frequency of the pulse power source. However, due to the limitation of the insulation recovery speed of the gas switch, the repetition frequency of the pulse power source is generally tens of hertz to hundreds of hertz, and not more than kilohertz at most. To increase the repetition rate of the output pulses to over several kilohertz, new research methods and technical routes must be adopted.
2010, a publication discloses a device for generating High repetition frequency pulses by multi-pulse isolation synthesis (2010 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage reference, 2010: 413-416), the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1: the output ends of a plurality of independent pulse power sources 11 are connected to the same common transmission line 13, and each pulse power source 11 is isolated from the common transmission line 13 by a magnetic ring 12. The working mode is as follows: when a certain path of pulse source 11 works, output pulses are firstly excited to saturation by the magnetic ring 12 in the path and then output to the common transmission line 13, and meanwhile, the magnetic rings 12 in other paths block the output pulses from being transmitted to the pulse sources 11 in other paths; by operating the pulse sources 11 at intervals in sequence, high repetition frequency pulses can be obtained on the common transmission line 13. The main problems with this approach are two-fold: firstly, the injection structure is complex and large, which causes serious loss of high-frequency components of the pulse, and the leading edge of the pulse is dragged from hundreds of picoseconds to nanosecond level after injection, so that the pulse quality is deteriorated; secondly, the requirement on magnetic isolation materials is high.
Another document discloses an apparatus for generating high repetition rate pulses by serial pulse forming lines (THz science and electronics informatics, 2016, 14 (3): 413-416), as shown in FIG. 2: the multi-segment pulse forming line 21 and the plurality of high-pressure gas switches 22 are sequentially connected in series at intervals, then connected with the output transmission line 23 and output outwards through the output port 24. The working mode is as follows: the pulse forming lines 21 are charged at the same time, and then the high-voltage gas switches 22 are broken down at specific time intervals in sequence from the output port 24. Thus, the energy stored in each pulse forming line 21 is released in sequence, so that a series of pulses are obtained at the output port 24, and the purpose of obtaining a high repetition frequency in a short time is achieved. The main problems with the series pulse forming line system are two-fold: firstly, only one series of pulse sequences can be generated, and the pulses cannot be pulled apart, namely, the pulse intervals cannot be adjusted; secondly, the phenomena of pulse amplitude attenuation and leading edge slowing are serious, namely the pulse quality is deteriorated, because a plurality of gas switches exist on a transmission path of a rear-stage pulse, the resistance and the inductance of the switches cause energy loss, and the leading edge of the pulse is dragged and slowed down.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of complex structure, deteriorated pulse quality and single pulse sequence of the high repetition frequency pulse device, the invention provides a tandem high repetition frequency pulse generating device with simple structure and good pulse transmission path, which can generate two paths of pulses with repetition frequency reaching ten kilohertz level and also can generate one path of pulse train with instantaneous repetition frequency reaching megahertz level.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a tandem high repetition frequency pulse generating device, which comprises a common transmission line 37, a plurality of middle cylinders 34, a plurality of gas switches 35 and an insulating medium, and is characterized in that:
the common transmission line 37 is a coaxial line, and includes an inner conductor 33 and an outer conductor 32, and two ports of the common transmission line 37 are two output ends;
the insulating medium is located inside the common transmission line 37 cavity;
the middle cylinder 34 is a circular conductor tube with openings at two ends, the inner diameter of the middle cylinder 34 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner conductor 33, the outer diameter of the middle cylinder 34 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer conductor 32, and a plurality of middle cylinders 34 are coaxially arranged between the inner conductor and the outer conductor at certain intervals in sequence (the middle cylinders are supported on the inner surface of the outer conductor or the outer surface of the inner conductor through insulators);
the two poles of the gas switch 35 are respectively arranged on the middle part of the outer surface of the middle cylinder 34 and the inner surface of the outer conductor of the common transmission line 37 (the part opposite to the middle part of the outer surface of the middle cylinder) or the two poles of the gas switch 35 are respectively arranged on the middle part of the inner surface of the middle cylinder 34 and the outer surface of the inner conductor of the common transmission line 37 (the part opposite to the middle part of the inner surface of the middle cylinder), and each middle cylinder 34 corresponds to one gas switch 35.
The gas switch is a radial gas gap between the middle part of the outer surface of the middle cylinder and the inner surface of the outer conductor of the common transmission line, or a radial gas gap between the middle part of the inner surface of the middle cylinder and the outer surface of the inner conductor of the common transmission line.
Preferably, the gas switch electrode is in the shape of a complete ring or a ring formed by point distribution, and the states of the gas switch electrode and the ring are completely consistent, namely, the breakdown voltages are the same.
Preferably, in order to improve energy efficiency, the ratio of the inner diameter of the outer conductor of the common transmission line 37 to the outer diameter of the middle cylinder 34 is equal to the ratio of the inner diameter of the middle cylinder 34 to the outer diameter of the inner conductor of the common transmission line 37, that is, the transmission line impedance formed by the middle cylinder 34 and the outer conductor is equal to the transmission line impedance formed by the middle cylinder 34 and the inner conductor.
Preferably, the number of the middle barrels can be 2-100.
Preferably, the insulating medium may be an insulating gas such as hydrogen, nitrogen, or sulfur hexafluoride, and preferably hydrogen.
Preferably, the inner conductor is a good conductor column such as a solid stainless steel column, a brass column, or an aluminum column.
In the high repetition frequency pulse generating device of the present invention, each of the middle cylinders, the common transmission line inner conductor and the common transmission line outer conductor form a double cylinder pulse forming line, wherein the middle cylinder is a high voltage end when the double cylinders are charged, the middle cylinder-outer conductor is an outer line, the middle cylinder-inner conductor is an inner line, and a gas switch corresponding to the middle cylinder serves as a pulse forming switch. But unlike the conventional broomlein type twin-tube pulse forming wire, the middle tube of the twin-tube pulse forming wire is double-ended rather than single-ended, and the gas switch is located in the middle of the pulse forming wire rather than at the end. By the unique structure, the double-cylinder pulse forming line can simultaneously generate two paths of pulses with the same amplitude and pulse width, and the two paths of pulses are respectively transmitted to the front port and the rear port of the common transmission line and are respectively called forward pulses and backward pulses. The amplitude and the pulse width of the front and back pulses are completely the same, and the amplitudes of the front and back pulses are also the same as the charging voltage of the middle cylinder.
In the high repetition frequency pulse generating apparatus according to the present invention, the plurality of middle cylinders and the inner and outer conductors of the common transmission line form a multi-stage double-cylinder pulse forming line, and the gas switch breakdown voltages of the double-cylinder pulse forming line are the same, that is, the operating voltages of the double-cylinder pulse forming line are the same. These twin cylindrical lines work in the following manner: work is carried out at intervals from front to back.
When the gas switch of the 1 st stage double-cylinder pulse forming line is conducted, a 1 st forward pulse and a 1 st backward pulse are generated. The 1 st forward pulse is transmitted directly to the front port of the device of the present invention and the 1 st backward pulse is transmitted through all the rear binocular pulse forming lines to the rear port of the device of the present invention. Because all other double-barrel pulse forming line gas switches are in an open circuit state, the two pulses can be transmitted to two ends of a common transmission line without obstruction, the leading edge and the amplitude of the pulses are kept unchanged, and the pulses are finally output outwards.
After a period of time, the 2 nd stage double-cylinder pulse forming line generates the 2 nd forward pulse and the 2 nd backward pulse after the gas switch is conducted. Since all gas switches encountered by the 2 nd backward pulse during its transmission to the back end of the common transmission line are still open, it will travel unimpeded all the way to the back port of the common transmission line, keeping its leading edge and amplitude unchanged. During the transmission of the 2 nd forward pulse to the common transmission front port, the 1 st stage gas switch will be encountered and half the amplitude of the 2 nd forward pulse will be applied to the gas switch. At this time, whether the 1 st stage gas switch is broken down and turned on is determined by the insulation recovery state thereof, and the insulation recovery state thereof is determined by the operating interval time of the 2 nd stage double-cylinder pulse forming line and the 1 st stage pulse forming line. The operating time interval during which the stage 1 gas switch is just not broken down by the 2 nd forward pulse is called the "critical interval time". If the duty cycle is greater than or equal to the "critical cycle", the 2 nd forward pulse cannot break down the stage 1 gas switch, which still travels unimpeded all the way to the common transmission line front port, keeping its leading edge and amplitude unchanged. If the duty cycle is less than the "critical cycle", the class 1 gas switch is broken down by the 2 nd forward pulse and partially blocks the transmission of the 2 nd forward pulse, resulting in a decay in the amplitude of the 2 nd forward pulse. Comparing the insulation voltage amplitude of the class 1 gas switch at the "critical interval time" and its fully recovered insulation capacity, it can be seen that the insulation recovery of the class 1 switch at the "critical interval time" is still very insufficient, i.e.: the "critical interval time" is much less than the gas switch full recovery time. Experimental results show that for a high-pressure hydrogen switch of several megapascals, this "critical interval time" is less than one hundred microseconds, an order of magnitude less than the full insulation recovery time.
The situation of the stage 3 and other rear double-cylinder pulse forming lines in operation can be obtained by analogy with the analysis.
In summary, all the double-barrel forming lines are sequentially operated from front to back at intervals, if the operation interval time is greater than or equal to the "critical interval time", a string of high-repetition-frequency pulses can be generated at both the front and back ports of the common transmission line, the time interval of the pulses can be shortest to be less than one hundred microseconds, and the corresponding repetition frequency exceeds ten kilohertz, which is called "double-end output mode"; if the working time interval is less than the critical interval time, the rear port of the common transmission line can still normally generate a string of high repetition frequency pulses, the time interval of the pulses is only limited by the control precision of the breakdown time of the gas switch, generally the precision can reach ten nanoseconds, so the corresponding repetition frequency can reach dozens of megahertz at most, and the mode is called as a single-ended output mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the double-cylinder pulse forming line has the advantages that the middle cylinder is provided with the double-end opening instead of the single-end opening, and the gas switch is positioned in the middle part of the pulse forming line instead of the end part, so that the double-cylinder pulse forming line can simultaneously generate two paths of pulses with the same amplitude and pulse width and respectively transmit the two paths of pulses towards the front and rear ports of a common transmission line;
(2) the axial gas switch is not arranged on the inner conductor of the common transmission line, a good transmission path is provided for the generated pulse, the problem that the quality of the output pulse is deteriorated along with the increase of the number of stages does not exist, and therefore the device is allowed to be expanded into more stages;
(3) in the double-end output mode, the breakdown time interval of two adjacent gas switches is one order of magnitude smaller than the complete recovery time of the gas switches, so that two paths of pulses with repetition frequency reaching ten kilohertz level can be generated, and the repetition frequency can be randomly adjusted within ten kilohertz;
(4) in the single-end output mode, the time interval between two adjacent gas switches is only limited by the control precision of the breakdown time of the gas switches, so that a pulse train with instantaneous repetition frequency reaching megahertz level can be generated, and the repetition frequency can be adjusted at will in the range of ten kilohertz to megahertz.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional apparatus for generating high repetition rate pulses by multi-pulse isolation synthesis;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another prior art apparatus for generating high repetition rate pulses in a serial pulse forming line;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tandem high repetition rate pulse generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the statistical data of the "critical interval time" experiment of hydrogen switch (pressure 4.5MPa, distance 4 mm).
The reference numbers in the figures are: 11-pulse power source, 12-magnetic ring, 13-common transmission line, 21-pulse forming line, 22-high-voltage gas switch, 23-output transmission line, 24-output port, 31-front port, 32-outer conductor, 33-inner conductor, 34-middle cylinder, 35-gas switch, 36-rear port and 37-common transmission line.
Detailed Description
The tandem high repetition rate pulse generating apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the tandem type high repetition frequency pulse generating device of the present invention, which comprises a common transmission line 37, a plurality of middle cylinders 34 and a plurality of gas switches 35, wherein the common transmission line 37 is a coaxial line, and comprises an outer conductor 32 and an inner conductor 33, and a front port 31 and a rear port 36 are two output ports of the pulse generating device of the present invention; the middle cylinder 34 is a conductor round tube with an opening at two ends, the outer diameter of the middle cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer conductor 32, the inner diameter of the middle cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the inner conductor 33, the length of the middle cylinder is far smaller than the length of the common transmission line 37, and the sum of the lengths of all the middle cylinders 34 is still smaller than the length of the common transmission line; the plurality of middle barrels 34 are sequentially and coaxially arranged between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the common transmission line (the middle barrels are supported on the inner surface of the outer conductor or the outer surface of the inner conductor through insulators), a certain interval is reserved between the adjacent middle barrels, and all the middle barrels 34 are completely positioned in the common transmission line; the gas switches 35 are radial gas gaps between the middle part of the inner surface of the middle cylinder 34 and the outer surface of the inner conductor 33, (or the gas switches can also be radial gas gaps between the middle part of the outer surface of the middle cylinder 34 and the inner surface of the outer conductor 32), and each middle cylinder 34 corresponds to one gas switch 35; the two electrodes of the gas switch 35 may be in the shape of a complete ring or a ring formed by distributed dots, and their states are completely consistent, i.e. the breakdown voltages are the same.
In the tandem high repetition frequency pulse generator of the present invention, the plurality of middle cylinders 34, the common transmission line inner conductor 33, and the common transmission line outer conductor 32 form a multi-stage double cylinder pulse forming line, and the middle cylinders 34 are used as high voltage terminals in the double cylinder line charging, and the gas switch 35 is used as a pulse forming switch. However, unlike the conventional broomlein type twin-cylinder pulse forming wire, the middle cylinder 34 of this twin-cylinder pulse forming wire is double-ended open, and the gas switch 35 is located in the middle of the pulse forming wire. The unique structure enables the double-cylinder pulse forming line to simultaneously generate two paths of pulses with the same amplitude and pulse width. Meanwhile, the middle cylinder 34 is opened at both ends, so that the transmission of the pulse in the common transmission line is not influenced by the existence of the middle cylinder 34.
By controlling the turn-on sequence of the gas switch 35, the double-cylinder pulse forming lines are sequentially operated at equal intervals from front to back. When the interval time is greater than the "critical interval time" (the working time interval defining that the nth stage gas switch is just not punctured by the (n + 1) th forward pulse is the "critical interval time", which is less than 100 microseconds for a high-voltage hydrogen switch of several megapascals and is one order of magnitude less than the full recovery time), the device works in a double-ended output mode, can generate pulses with the repetition frequency of ten kilohertz order at both the front port 31 and the rear port 36 of the common transmission line, and the repetition frequency can be adjusted within ten kilohertz at will. When the interval time is less than the critical interval time, the device works in a single-ended output mode, although the quality of the pulse output by the front port 31 begins to deteriorate, the rear port 36 can still output a high repetition frequency pulse train, and the amplitude and the leading edge are kept unchanged. In the single-end output mode, the working time interval of adjacent double-barrel pulse forming lines is only limited by the control precision of the breakdown time of the gas switch 35, so that the instantaneous repetition frequency of the pulse train output by the rear port 36 can reach megahertz level, and the repetition frequency can be adjusted randomly within the range of ten kilohertz to megahertz.
In the implementation example of the tandem type high repetition frequency pulse generating device, the required system indexes are as follows:
1) output impedance: 40 ohm
2) Generating power: 1 GW;
3) pulse width: 1 ns;
4) two-way output mode, repetition frequency: 10 kHz;
5) one-way output mode, burst instantaneous repetition frequency: 1 MHz;
according to the indexes, the main parameters of the device can be determined by combining the physical indexes, high-voltage insulation, high-pressure sealing and other factors:
1) the amplitude of the output pulse is 200kV, and the corresponding charging voltage of the middle cylinder is also 200 kV.
2) The double-cylinder pulse forming line insulating medium adopts 4.5Mpa hydrogen.
3) The gas switch adopts a ring electrode and a double-cylinder pulse forming line to share a cavity, so that the hydrogen pressure is also 4.5 Mpa. The switching gap is chosen to be 4mm, with a breakdown voltage of around 200 kV.
4) The device is designed to be 10-grade, namely 10 middle barrels are required to be installed. The length of the middle cylinder is 300 mm. The outer diameter of the middle cylinder is 180mm, and the inner diameter is 177 mm.
5) The right end face of the middle barrel at the rightmost end is 50mm away from the right port of the public transmission line, the left end face of the middle barrel at the leftmost end is 50mm away from the left port of the public transmission line, and the distance between the adjacent middle barrels is 50 mm.
6) The common transmission line length is 3550 mm. The inner diameter of the outer conductor is 250mm, and the outer diameter is 260 mm. The inner conductor is a solid stainless steel column with an outer diameter of 128 mm.
In the above design, the gas switch has no external trigger device, so the conduction time is controlled by the charging time of the middle cylinder. When the charging voltage of a certain middle cylinder reaches about 200kV, the gas switch corresponding to the middle cylinder is automatically broken down and conducted. The middle cylinder can be charged by various types of pulse high-voltage charging power supplies, such as Tesla transformers, conventional pulse transformers, Marx generators and the like. If the middle cylinder in the embodiment is charged by using a Tesla transformer, the charging time can be estimated to be about several microseconds.
The middle cylinder is charged at intervals from front to back in sequence, and the gas switches are switched on in sequence, so that the 10-level double-cylinder pulse forming line works at intervals from front to back in sequence.
The two-way output mode generates two-way pulse with repetition frequency of 10 kHz:
1) the stage 1 middlings are first charged. After microseconds, the charging voltage of the 1 st-level middle tube reaches 200kV, the 1 st-level gas switch is switched on, the 1 st-level double-tube pulse forming line generates 1 st forward pulse and 1 st backward pulse, the amplitude is 200kV, the power is 1GW, and the pulse width is 1 ns. The 1 st forward pulse is directly transmitted to the front port of the common transmission line, and the 1 st backward pulse is transmitted to the rear port of the common transmission line through all double-cylinder pulse forming lines at the rear side. Because the 2 nd-10 th-stage gas switch is in an open-circuit state, the 1 st backward pulse can be transmitted to the rear port of the common transmission line without being blocked, and the front edge and the amplitude of the pulse are kept unchanged.
2) At intervals of 100 μ s, the drum charges in stage 2. And after microseconds, the charging voltage of the 2 nd-level middle tube reaches 200kV, the 2 nd-level gas switch is switched on to generate a 2 nd forward pulse and a 2 nd backward pulse, the amplitude is 200kV, the power is 1GW, and the pulse width is 1 ns. And because the 3 rd to 10 th-stage gas switches are still in an open circuit state, the 2 nd backward pulse can be transmitted to the rear end of the common transmission line without obstruction, and the front edge and the amplitude of the 2 nd backward pulse are kept unchanged. During the transmission of the 2 nd forward pulse to the common transmission front end, the 1 st stage gas switch will be encountered and half the amplitude of the 2 nd forward pulse will be applied to the gas switch. That is, the 1 st stage gas switch is subjected to a voltage of 100kV in amplitude and 1ns in pulse width. At this time, the 1 st stage gas switch has experienced a recovery time of 100 μ s, and whether it has broken down is determined by its insulation recovery state.
The insulation recovery state of the 1 st stage gas switch is analyzed below. Under the condition of completely recovering the insulating capability, the breakdown voltage of the 1 st-class gas switch during the microsecond charging of the middle cylinder is 200 kV. According to the rule that the breakdown voltage of the gas switch is in negative correlation with the duration of the applied voltage, the breakdown voltage of the completely recovered 1 st-level gas switch is much higher than 200kV under the condition that the pulse width of the applied voltage is 1 ns. In other words, the class 1 gas switch should be able to withstand a voltage of 100kV magnitude and 1ns pulse width when its insulation recovery is not sufficient. The insulation recovery time of the 1 st-stage gas switch which is just not broken down by the voltage of 100kV and the pulse width of 1ns is called as the critical interval time. FIG. 4 shows the statistical data obtained experimentally for the "critical interval time" for the stages of gas switches (4.5MPa hydrogen, 4mm apart) in this example. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the "critical interval time" obtained from multiple experimental tests is distributed in 35-90 μ s. This "critical interval time" is more than an order of magnitude less than the full insulation recovery time (milliseconds) of a high-pressure hydrogen switch.
When the 2 nd forward pulse arrives at the stage 1 gas switch, the stage 1 gas switch has experienced a recovery time of 100 μ s. Since the 100 mus recovery time is greater than the "critical interval time", the stage 1 gas switch does not break down. Thus, the 2 nd forward pulse can still travel unimpeded all the way to the common transmission line front port, keeping its leading edge and amplitude unchanged.
3) Then, the 3 rd to 10 th-stage medium barrels are charged at intervals of 100 mu s in sequence. The working condition of the 3 rd to 10 th-stage double-cylinder pulse forming line is similar to that of the 2 nd stage. The 3 rd to 10 th front-back pulses can be transmitted to the front-back ports of the common transmission line respectively without obstruction. After all 10-stage double-cylinder lines work, 10 pulses with the amplitude of 200kV, the power of 1GW, the pulse width of 1ns and the interval time of 100 mus are obtained at the front and rear ports of the common transmission line.
4) After the 10 th stage double bobbin line works for 100 mus, the 1 st stage middle bobbin is charged again, and the processes 1) to 3) are repeated. Therefore, the front and the rear ports of the common transmission line continuously obtain pulses with the amplitude of 200kV, the power of 1GW, the pulse width of 1ns and the interval time of 100 mu s.
Therefore, the device outputs two paths of pulses with power 1GW, pulse width 1ns and repetition frequency 10 kHz. By adjusting the interval time between the charging of the adjacent middle barrels, the repetition frequency can be adjusted within 10kHz at will. For example, by adjusting the interval between charging of adjacent middle cylinders to 200 μ s, two 5kHz pulses can be obtained.
The single-path output mode generates a pulse train process with the instantaneous repetition frequency of 1 MHz:
the charging time of the middle cylinder is set to 5 mus.
1) And sequentially charging the middle barrels of the 1 st to 10 th stages at intervals of 1 mu s from the time point 0.
2) At the 5 mu s moment, the charging voltage of the 1 st-level middle barrel reaches 200kV, the charging voltage of the 2 nd-5 th-level middle barrel does not reach 200kV, and the 6 th-10 th-level middle barrel does not start to be charged. Therefore, only the 1 st stage gas switch is conducted, so that the 1 st stage double-cylinder pulse forming line generates the 1 st forward pulse and the 1 st backward pulse, the amplitude is 200kV, the power is 1GW, and the pulse width is 1 ns. The 1 st forward pulse is directly transmitted to the front port of the common transmission line, and the 1 st backward pulse is transmitted to the rear port of the common transmission line through all double-cylinder pulse forming lines at the rear side. Because the 2 nd-10 th-stage gas switch is in an open-circuit state, the 1 st backward pulse can be transmitted to the rear port of the common transmission line without being blocked, and the front edge and the amplitude of the pulse are kept unchanged.
3) At the 6 mu s moment, the charging voltage of the 2 nd-level middle barrel reaches 200kV, the charging voltage of the 3 rd-6 th-level middle barrel does not reach 200kV, and the 7 th-10 th-level middle barrel does not start to be charged. Therefore, the 2 nd stage gas switch is conducted to generate the 2 nd forward pulse and the 2 nd backward pulse, the amplitude is 200kV, the power is 1GW, and the pulse width is 1 ns. During the transmission of the 2 nd forward pulse to the common transmission front port, the 1 st stage gas switch is encountered. Since the stage 1 gas switch is in the conducting state without restoring the insulating capability at this time, it will partially block the 2 nd forward pulse. In the transmission process of the 2 nd backward pulse to the public transmission rear port, a 3 rd-10 th-stage gas switch is encountered. And because the 3 rd to 10 th-stage gas switches are still in an open circuit state, the 2 nd backward pulse can be transmitted to the rear port of the common transmission line without obstruction, and the front edge and the amplitude of the 2 nd backward pulse are kept unchanged.
4) The working condition of the 3 rd to 10 th-stage double-cylinder pulse forming line is similar to that of the 2 nd stage. And from the 7 th microsecond moment to the 14 th microsecond moment, the 3 rd-10 th-stage gas switches are sequentially conducted. The forward pulses generated by the common transmission line are partially blocked by the previous stage switch which does not restore the insulation capability, but the backward pulses can be transmitted to the front port of the common transmission line without obstruction.
5) After all 10-stage double-cylinder lines work, 10 pulses with the amplitude of 200kV, the power of 1GW, the pulse width of 1ns, the interval time of 1 mus and the instantaneous repetition frequency of 1MHz are obtained at the rear port of the common transmission line.
Therefore, the device outputs a pulse string with power of 1GW, pulse width of 1ns and instantaneous repetition frequency of 1MHz, and the number of pulses in the pulse string is 10. By increasing the number of stages of the middle tube, the number of pulse trains can be increased. By adjusting the interval time between charging of adjacent middlings, the repetition frequency can be adjusted. For example, adjusting the charging interval time of the adjacent middle barrels to 5 μ s can obtain a pulse of 200 kHz. The upper limit of the burst instantaneous repetition frequency depends on the gas switch breakdown time control accuracy. If the burst instantaneous repetition frequency is desired to exceed megahertz, the gas switch breakdown time control accuracy must be improved, i.e. the breakdown jitter time of the gas switch is reduced. Through rapid electrical triggering or laser triggering, the breakdown jitter of the gas switch can be reduced to ten nanoseconds, so that pulses with instantaneous repetition frequency reaching tens of megahertz can be obtained.
Claims (6)
1. A tandem high repetition frequency pulse generating device comprises a common transmission line (37), a plurality of middle cylinders (34), a plurality of gas switches (35) and an insulating medium, and is characterized in that:
the common transmission line (37) is a coaxial line and comprises an inner conductor (33) and an outer conductor (32), and two output ends are arranged at two ports of the common transmission line (37);
the insulating medium is located within a common transmission line (37) cavity;
the middle cylinder (34) is a circular conductor pipe with openings at two ends, the inner diameter of the middle cylinder (34) is larger than the outer diameter of the inner conductor (33), the outer diameter of the middle cylinder (34) is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer conductor (32), and the middle cylinders (34) are coaxially arranged between the inner conductor (33) and the outer conductor (32) at certain intervals in sequence;
the two poles of the gas switch (35) are respectively arranged in the middle of the outer surface of the middle cylinder (34) and on the inner surface of the outer conductor of the common transmission line (37) at the position opposite to the middle of the outer surface of the middle cylinder, or the two poles of the gas switch (35) are respectively arranged in the middle of the inner surface of the middle cylinder (34) and on the outer surface of the inner conductor of the common transmission line (37) at the position opposite to the middle of the inner surface of the middle cylinder, and each middle cylinder (34) corresponds to one gas switch (35);
the multiple middle cylinders (34), the inner conductor (33) and the outer conductor (32) of the common transmission line (37) form a multi-stage double-cylinder pulse forming line, all the double-cylinder pulse forming lines work in sequence from front to back at intervals, and the working interval time is more than or equal to the working interval when a front-stage gas switch is just not broken down by a rear-stage forward pulse.
2. A tandem high repetition rate pulse generating apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shape of the electrodes of the gas switch (35) is complete ring or distributed in a point shape to be ring.
3. A tandem high repetition rate pulse generating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the ratio of the inner diameter of the outer conductor (32) of the common transmission line (37) to the outer diameter of the middle cylinder (34) is equal to the ratio of the inner diameter of the middle cylinder (34) to the outer diameter of the inner conductor (33) of the common transmission line (37).
4. A tandem high repetition rate pulse generating apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the number of the middle barrels is 2-100.
5. The tandem high repetition rate pulse generating apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the insulating medium is hydrogen, nitrogen or sulfur hexafluoride insulating gas.
6. The tandem high repetition rate pulse generating apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the inner conductor (33) is a solid stainless steel column, a brass column or an aluminum column.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710179171.9A CN106953620B (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2017-03-23 | Tandem high repetition frequency pulse generating device |
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