Background technique
Voltage stabilization is an importance of safe and stable operation of power system, bus voltage amplitude and its nominal value it
Between deviation be also reflect power quality an important indicator.With network load it is horizontal persistently rise, new energy it is big
Amount access, voltage out-of-limit problem, which becomes, influences one of power network safety operation and the principal element of load power supply quality.It is flexible
The appearance of ac transmission (Flexible AC Transmission System, FACTS) technology is to realize that network voltage adjusting mentions
New means are supplied.
In existing document, voltage regulation problem is usually to pass through parallel reactive power compensator or filter realization.Skill
In art, as the FACTS device of latest generation, THE UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller,
UPFC series side device) has the function of adjusting circuit reactive power flow, therefore also has the ability for adjusting network voltage.It is existing
Document points out, is utilized respectively series compensation device (UPFC series side inverter) and paralleling compensating device (Static Synchronous is idle benefit
Repay device) realize that identical voltage adjusts target, installed capacity needed for series compensation device will be much smaller than paralleling compensating device.
As shown in Figure 1, UPFC is made of two back-to-back voltage source converters, two back-to-back inverters share straight
Stream bus and DC capacitor, the two all pass through converter power transformer access system, and wherein the converter power transformer of current transformer 2 is with shape of connecting
Formula access.Active power can flow freely between two current transformers in either direction, the ac output end of each current transformer
Reactive power can also be independently generated or absorbed by.The function of current transformer 2 is to inject width to route by series transformer in UPFC
Value and the controllable voltage vector of phase angle;The major function of current transformer 1 is to provide or absorbs current transformer 2 on common DC bus
Required active power, to maintain the active power between series connection injecting voltage and route to exchange.In power transmission network, UPFC is logical
Often operate in active/reactive power flow control model, i.e., it will by the amplitude and phase angle that adjust series transformer injecting voltage vector
Route is active/and reactive power flow control is in setting value.When operating normally, electricity is may be implemented in the accurate control of active/reactive power flow
The optimization of improvement, operating index that net trend is distributed.However, being particularly due to catastrophic failure when Operating Voltage is out-of-limit and leading
When causing voltage out-of-limit, if will active/reactive power flow control in setting value, will lead between UPFC installation route both ends system
Reactive power support ability is limited, is unfavorable for the optimization of network voltage distribution.Therefore, a set of ac bus voltage based on UPFC is formulated
Strategy is adjusted, changes the idle setting value of UPFC series side inverter automatically if necessary, enhancing UPFC installs route both ends system
The voltage support ability of system, to power network safety operation be very it is necessary to.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned, the present invention provides a kind of ac bus voltage adjusting method based on UPFC, this method is only being handed over
It flows busbar voltage more to act in limited time, the amplitude of alternating voltage is monitored during operation of power networks, when alternating voltage more in limited time can
UPFC series side reactive power flow setting value is automatically adjusted, by alternating voltage control within the scope of safe and stable operation, enhances electricity
Net the safety of operation.
A kind of ac bus voltage adjusting method based on UPFC, includes the following steps:
(1) UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow is set by calculating each bus nodes voltage magnitude in electric system
Value Q0 *The susceptibility of variation determines the bus set Λ for the protection of being monitored;
(2) voltage out-of-limit deviation signal Δ R is determined according to the voltage magnitude of each bus nodes in bus set Λ;Work as detection
It is that system has busbar voltage more to prescribe a time limit to Δ R ≠ 0, UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow is generated by voltage regulator controller
Setting value Q0 *Adjustment signal Δ Q;
(3) make adjustment signal Δ Q and reactive power flow setting value Q0 *The final nothing of UPFC series side inverter is obtained after addition
Function trend setting value Q*, idle reference value as UPFC series side inverter power flowcontrol module simultaneously controlled, with
It realizes and system busbar node voltage is adjusted.
For any bus nodes in system in the step (1), if the number of the bus nodes is m, the bus
Node voltage amplitude is to UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow setting value Q0 *The susceptibility of variation is ZmImaginary part, Zm=Zmx-
Zmy, ZmxFor m row xth column element, Z in matrix ZmyFor m row y column element in matrix Z, x and y are respectively UPFC installation institute
In the number of route both ends bus nodes, matrix Z is the inverse matrix of system node admittance matrix.
For any bus nodes in system in the step (1), if the bus nodes voltage magnitude connects to UPFC
Side inverter reactive power flow setting value Q0 *The susceptibility of variation is XmAnd | Xm| > Xset, then the bus nodes are selected into bus collection
It closes in Λ, XsetFor given threshold parameter.
Voltage out-of-limit deviation signal Δ R is determined by following formula in the step (2):
ΔRi=max (Vi-Vi,max,0)+min(Vi-Vi,min,0)
Wherein: i is any bus nodes in bus set Λ, ViFor the voltage magnitude of bus nodes i, Vi,maxAnd Vi,min
The respectively upper limit value and lower limit value of bus nodes i working voltage, XiFor bus nodes i voltage magnitude ViUPFC series side is changed
Flow device reactive power flow setting value Q0 *The susceptibility of variation.
Voltage regulator controller in the step (2) is based on following transmission function:
Wherein: KaFor given integral coefficient, D is given sagging control coefrficient, and s is Laplace operator.
The present invention sets UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow by calculating each ac bus voltage magnitude in power grid
It is worth the susceptibility of variation, determines the bus set of monitored protection;The ac bus in monitoring set during operation of power networks
Voltage magnitude, when monitoring that alternating voltage more prescribes a time limit, the present invention can automatically adjust UPFC series side reactive power flow setting value, will
Alternating voltage controls within the scope of safe and stable operation.Meanwhile the present invention can be solved automatically due to failure or load fluctuation band
The voltage out-of-limit problem come, enhances the safety of operation of power networks, engineer application and electricity net safety stable fortune for UPFC
Row is of great significance.
Specific embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment is to technical solution of the present invention
It is described in detail.
The present invention is based on the ac bus voltages of UPFC to adjust strategy, includes the following steps:
(1) UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow setting value is become by calculating each ac bus voltage magnitude in power grid
The susceptibility of change determines the bus set Λ for being adjusted policy monitor by voltage and being protected.
Susceptibility calculation method of the ac bus voltage magnitude to UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow set point change
It is as follows:
For an electric system containing a ac bus, it is route 1 that UPFC, which installs circuit number, and both ends connect mother
Line number is bus 1 and 2, as shown in Figure 2.Matrix ZnFor the inverse matrix of radio network node admittance matrix, the i-th row jth column member
Element is Zij(i, j=1,2 ..., a).It can be obtained according to electric network theory, bus m voltage phasor installs route curent change to UPFC
Sensitivity level can use ZmIt portrays, ZmCalculation formula are as follows:
Zm=Zm2-Zm1 A1
In practical power transmission network, the value of overhead transmission line resistance is much smaller than its reactance value, compared to imaginary part, ZmReal part can be with
Ignore.Meanwhile UPFC installs the voltage phasor phase angle of ac bus near route relatively, amplitude is all near 1.0pu.
With this condition, bus m (m=1,2 ..., a) voltage magnitude VmVariable quantity and UPFC series side inverter idle setting value
Q*The relationship of variable quantity are as follows:
ΔVm=XmΔQ*
Wherein, XmFor ZmImaginary part, take XmIt is bus m voltage magnitude to UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow setting value
The sensitivity coefficient of variation, XmValue reflect ac bus voltage magnitude to UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow setting value become
The susceptibility of change.
The determination method of set Λ is as follows:
Sensitivity coefficient XmIt is to determine that voltage adjusts strategy to the key index of bus m voltage regulation capability size, therefore by Xm
It is selected as the control sensitivity indexes that voltage adjusts strategy.Due to set Λ be defined as by voltage adjust policy monitor and protect
Bus set, the bus for including in set should be that the more sensitive exchange of the idle set point change to series side inverter is female
Line.XsetFor given threshold parameter, the determination principle of set Λ is as follows: when | Xm| > XsetWhen, bus m is selected into set Λ.
(2) voltage magnitude that ac bus in bus set Λ is monitored during operation of power networks, it is inclined to obtain voltage out-of-limit
It is idle to generate UPFC series side by voltage regulator controller when monitoring alternating voltage out-of-limit (Δ R ≠ 0) by difference signal Δ R
The idle setting value Q that adjustment signal the Δ Y, Δ Y of trend setting value and control centre give0 *Final UPFC series connection is obtained after superposition
Side inverter is idle setting value Q*。
Voltage regulator controller is as shown in figure 3, wherein KAFor integrator gain, D is the sagging control coefrficient of voltage, and s is to draw
General Laplacian operater.Error signal Δ R obtains UPFC after being superimposed with the feedback signal D Δ Y of output signal Δ Y after integral element
The adjustment signal Δ Y of series side reactive power flow setting value.
Error signal Δ R in voltage regulator controller is calculated by formula A2:
For bus m (m=1,2 ..., a), Δ RmAnd SgnmIt is calculated respectively by formula A3 and A4:
ΔRm=Max (Vm-Vm,max,0)+Min(Vm-Vm,min,0) A3
Wherein, VmFor bus m voltage magnitude;Vm,maxAnd Vm,minThe respectively upper and lower bound of bus m working voltage;Max
It is respectively the function for being maximized and being minimized with Min.
Ensure system existence anduniquess stable operation by being introduced as the sagging control coefrficient D of voltage in voltage regulator controller
Point, and can be realized and (also can guarantee ac bus voltage not without voltage adjusting strategy in recovery normal operating condition in power grid
It is out-of-limit) when, setting value that UPFC series side inverter is idle being capable of the given idle setting value Q of automatic restoration control center0 *.Pass through
Processing when formula A2 may be implemented a plurality of ac bus while voltage out-of-limit occurs, by formula A3 may be implemented overvoltage it is out-of-limit and
The out-of-limit processing of low-voltage.
(3) by Q*It is assigned to the power flowcontrol module of UPFC series side inverter, can realize the ac bus based on UPFC
Voltage is adjusted.
Following example system uses 39 node system of IEEE (for voltage base value for 345kV, capacity base value is 100MVA), such as
Shown in Fig. 4, the electric power of region A is sent out section and is made of route 2-1,2-3 and 26-27, sends out section tidal current point for adjustment region A
Cloth installs UPFC device additional in 2 side of bus of route 2-3.
Firstly, each ac bus voltage magnitude is to UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow set point change in calculating power grid
Susceptibility Xm.Emulation of the ac bus voltage magnitude to the susceptibility of UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow set point change
Value Xsim(changes the idle setting value of UPFC in the simulation program, it is sensitive to obtain to observe the variable quantity of ac bus voltage magnitude
Degree) and calculated value Xm(being obtained using above-mentioned calculation method) is compared in table 1.
Table 1
Operating condition I is that basic operating condition is also operating condition used in subsequent dynamic emulation, and the trend of route 2-3 is controlled by UPFC
For system in 3.6+j0.0pu, UPFC parallel connection side inverter, which operates in, determines AC voltage profile.Transmission line of alternation current 15-16 in operating condition II
It disconnects, UPFC parallel connection side inverter operates in surely idle mode in operating condition III.The it is proposed of the present invention it can be seen from data in table 1
Ac bus voltage magnitude to knot obtained by the calculation method of UPFC series side inverter reactive power flow set point change susceptibility
Fruit and simulation value are close, the sensitivity index that can be adjusted as voltage.
In dynamic simulation, UPFC series side inverter adjusts strategy using voltage of the present invention, and parameter used is as follows: Xset
=0.01, Ka=100, D=0.001, Vm,min=0.95, Vm,max=1.05 (m ∈ Λ).As shown in figure 4, bus 15 and each power supply
Between electrical distance farther out, voltage support intensity is lower, thus be easiest to occur voltage out-of-limit.Control strategy pair of the present invention
Because the dynamic response situation of voltage fluctuation caused by load fluctuation is as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.Fig. 5 is the voltage magnitude of bus 15, figure
6 be the idle setting value of UPFC series side inverter.Simulation process is as follows: at 2.0 seconds, the neighbouring bus of bus 15 (bus 4,14,
15,16,17,18) connected load increases by 40%;At 20.0 seconds, load restoration initial value.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, under the operating condition that load increases by 40%, when not using control strategy of the present invention, 15 electricity of bus
Pressure amplitude value will drop to 0.95pu or less;After installing controller as shown in Figure 3 additional, after 15 voltage out-of-limit of bus, controller is rapid
Movement adjusts the idle setting value of UPFC series side inverter, and (to obtain more reactive power supports from region A, the UPFC that increases sharply is gone here and there
Join the idle setting value of side inverter), 15 voltage of bus is controlled in 0.95pu, guarantees that it is not out-of-limit.When load level restores just
Chang Hou, voltage stabilization can also be kept by needing not continue to the adjusting idle setting valve system of UPFC series side inverter.In sagging control
Under the action of system, setting value that UPFC series side inverter is idle is restored to the given Q of control centre0 *。
Above-mentioned analysis, which is demonstrated, adjusts tactful validity the present invention is based on the ac bus voltage of UPFC.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is for that can understand and apply the invention convenient for those skilled in the art.
Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various modifications to above-described embodiment, and described herein general
Principle is applied in other embodiments without having to go through creative labor.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, ability
Field technique personnel announcement according to the present invention, the improvement made for the present invention and modification all should be in protection scope of the present invention
Within.