CN106951666A - A kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field - Google Patents
A kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field, including：（1）Obtain ocean gas hydrate layer drilling parameter and primary condition；（2）Carry out space nodes division；（3）Set up ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft calculation model for temperature field；（4）Fluid temperature (F.T.) in drill string at well head is the drilling fluid implantation temperature for calculating the momentT p(0) (n), the fluid temperature (F.T.) in annular space at well headT a(0) (n)The temperature of fluid is as returned out from annular space, it is assumed thatT a(0) (n)Value；（5）According to nodeiLocate fluid temperature (F.T.) in drill stringT p(i) (n)With fluid temperature (F.T.) in annular spaceT a(i) (n), calculate next nodeiThe temperature in wellbore at+1 place, obtains the fluid temperature (F.T.) at shaft bottom in drill stringT p(k) (n)With the fluid temperature (F.T.) in annular space at shaft bottomT a(k) (n)；（6）Check whether to meet calculation error.The principle of the invention is reliable, is easy to operation, can be to judge ocean gas hydrate layer stable state, drilling fluid rheology, calculating Wellbore Flow parameter, and then ensures that marine drilling construction safety provides theoretical foundation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine drilling technical field, in particular it relates to ocean gas hydrate layer drilling technology method,
Particularly a kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field.
Background technology
Gas hydrates are a kind of crystalline compounds being stable in the presence of under the conditions of low temperature, hyperbaric environment, its stock number
Extremely enrich, in the bottom sediment for being mainly distributed on land permafrost band and continental margin periphery, wherein ocean natural gas is hydrated
Thing stock number is about more than 100 times of land tundra.Ocean gas hydrate layer is under subsea cryogenic, hyperbaric environment,
Keep relatively stable occurrence status.With the development of marine oil and gas drilling and production technology, marine drilling increases increasingly, and marine drilling is bored
During entering, stratum, gas hydrates layer, stratum are drilled into successively, wherein, drilling fluid is at sea level from well head from drill string
Inject pit shaft, flow through more than mud line well section i.e. residing for seawater, to mud line position be at seabed after, pass through i.e. stratum institute below mud line
Locate well section, from drill bit flows out to annular space, then by returning to well head on annular space, pit shaft is returned out from annular space well head.
However, marine drilling is bored when meeting gas hydrates layer, because drill bit is in ocean gas hydrate layer, pit shaft
The drilling fluid temperature of middle flowing is higher, can change the original temperature of ocean gas hydrate layer, and then influences hydrate
Stable state, causes the decomposition gasification of hydrate, and wellbore construction is caused a significant threat safely.On the other hand, ocean natural gas
In hydrate layer drilling well, it is different from the cutting grain in conventional marine drilling into the hydrate bore meal particles in mineshaft annulus,
During it on annular space drilling fluid with returning, it can be reduced and decomposed due to temperature in wellbore rise, pressure, hydrate bore meal particles
Decomposition heat-absorbing action can further influence temperature in wellbore change, therefore whole Wellbore Temperature Field can also can change, and then influence
Drilling fluid rheology, Wellbore Flow Parameters variation.Therefore, the accurate meter in ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field
Calculate, to judging ocean gas hydrate layer stable state, drilling fluid rheology, calculating Wellbore Flow parameter, and then ensure sea
Foreign wellbore construction has safely important directive significance.
At present, it is less to ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Study on Temperature Field both at home and abroad, the existing main pin of research
To the Wellbore Temperature Field during marine drilling, when chance ocean gas hydrate layer is bored in research, hydrate is bored in annular space
Bits particle is with returning the concurrent Wellbore Temperature Field estranged taken off on drilling fluid.Patent CN103226641A discloses a kind of deep water gas-liquid
Two phase flow circulating temperature coupling pressure computational methods, pass through the order of annular space drilling fluid after drilling fluid in first drill string, iterative calculation
Drilling fluid node temperature and pressure data in drill string and annular space, finally give deep-sea biphase gas and liquid flow temperature in wellbore and pressure simulation
As a result, the method can apply the calculating of the Wellbore Temperature Field during marine drilling, but can not accurately reflect marine natural
Wellbore Temperature Field during gas hydrate layer drilling well；Patent CN102943620A discloses a kind of based on drilling well annulus wellbore multiphase flow
The dynamic controlled pressure drilling method calculated, during mineshaft annulus Multiphase Flow governing equation group is solved, required temperature in wellbore has embodied,
But specific method for solving is not suggested that, it is impossible to be directly applied in ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Temperature calculating.
Therefore, in the urgent need to a kind of Wellbore Temperature Field computational methods for ocean gas hydrate layer drilling well, ocean day is met when boring
The influence that hydrate bore meal particles are decomposed in annular space is considered during right gas hydrate layer, it is stable to judge ocean gas hydrate layer
State, drilling fluid rheology, calculating Wellbore Flow parameter provide theoretical foundation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field, the party
Method principle is reliable, is easy to operation, can be to judge ocean gas hydrate layer stable state, drilling fluid rheology, calculate well
Cylinder flow parameter, and then ensure that marine drilling construction safety provides theoretical foundation, with wide market prospects.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme.
Ocean gas hydrate layer drilling parameter and primary condition are obtained, space nodes division is carried out on this basis；
Consider that gas hydrates bore meal particles decompose the influence of heat absorption, set up ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field meter
Model is calculated, obtains calculating the temperature change in grid；Then, according to the temperature at known node, the well at next node is calculated
Cylinder temperature, according to the node in drill string and in annular space simultaneously from well head to the order in shaft bottom, iterates to calculate temperature in wellbore, until well
Bottom temperature meets calculation error, then iteration terminates；Temperature in wellbore at all nodes of iterative calculation gained is ocean natural gas
Hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field.
A kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field, comprises the following steps successively：
(1) according to Drilling Design and reservoir parameter, ocean gas hydrate layer drilling parameter and primary condition is obtained, is bored
Well parameter includes：Casing programme, BHA, it is pumped into hydrate in parameter, sea water advanced, ocean temperature, formation temperature, reservoir
Abundance, rate of penetration, well depth, primary condition include：Calculate the drilling fluid implantation temperature T at momentp(0) (n), annular space well head pressure
pa(0) (n)。
(2) space nodes division is carried out, according to ocean gas hydrate layer drilling parameter in step (1), spatial domain is
Whole pit shaft, from well head to shaft bottom, node axial direction sequence number is incremented by successively since 0；During node ID at well head is 0, pit shaft
Any calculate node sequence number represents that next calculate node sequence number is represented with i+1 with i, and node ID is k at shaft bottom.
(3) according to heat transfer theory and law of conservation of energy, ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field is set up
(Gao Yonghai, Sun Baojiang, Wang Zhi far wait deepwater drilling pit shaft temperature to temperature change expression formula in computation model, calculating grid as follows
Spend calculating and analysis [J] the China University Of Petroleum Beijing's journals (natural science edition), 32 (2003) of field：58-62)：
In drill string：
In annular space：
Mud line (at seabed) above well section, i.e. i Δs h ＜ HseaWhen：
Mud line (at seabed) following well section, i.e. i Δs h >=HseaWhen：
In formula：I is calculate node；
N is the calculating moment；
Δ h is set as 1m to calculate Gridding length in calculating；
HseaFor sea water advanced, m；
ΔTp(i) (n)、ΔTa(i) (n)The temperature change in grid, K are calculated respectively in drill string, in annular space；
ρp(i)、ρa(i)Fluid-mixing density respectively in drill string, in annular space at calculate node i, kg/m3；
vp(i)、va(i)Fluid-mixing flow velocity respectively in drill string, in annular space at calculate node i, m/s；
cp(i)、ca(i)Fluid-mixing specific heat capacity respectively in drill string, in annular space in pit shaft at calculate node i, J/ (kg
K)；
Dpi、Dpo、Dri、DciRespectively drill string internal diameter, drill string external diameter, water proof bore, casing inner diameter, m；
Qap(i)For heat exchange, W between fluid at calculate node i in annular space and drill string；
Qwa(i)、Qsa(i)Heat exchange, W between fluid at calculate node i respectively in seawater and annular space, in stratum and annular space；
Qfp(i)、Qfa(i)The heat produced respectively in drill string with flowage friction at calculate node i in annular space, W；
Qh(i)For the heat that decomposition of hydrate absorbs at calculate node i in annular space, W.
(4) when being i=0 at well head, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in drill string at well head is the drilling fluid implantation temperature for calculating the moment
Tp(0) (n), it is known parameters according to the primary condition in step (1)；And the fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular space at well heada(0) (n)As from
The temperature that fluid is returned out in annular space is unknown parameter, it is assumed that Ta(0) (n)Value, setting assume scope：273K≤Ta(0) (n)≤
Tp(0) (n)。
(5) flowed according to the node in drill string and in annular space simultaneously from well head to the order in shaft bottom according in drill string at node i
Temperature Tp(i) (n)With fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular spacea(i) (n), calculate the temperature in wellbore at next node i+1：
In formula：Tp(i) (n)、Ta(i) (n)At respectively calculate node i in drill string, fluid temperature (F.T.), K in annular space；
Tp(i+1) (n)、Ta(i+1) (n)At respectively calculate node i+1 in drill string, fluid temperature (F.T.), K in annular space.
According to formula (4), (5), from well head iterative calculation until at the node k of shaft bottom, obtaining the fluid at shaft bottom in drill string
Temperature Tp(k) (n)With the fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular space at shaft bottoma(k) (n)。
(6) iterated to calculate according to step (5) in obtained drill string, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in annular space at shaft bottom, it is fuller
Sufficient calculation error：
In formula：Tp(k) (n)For the fluid temperature (F.T.) at shaft bottom in drill string, K；
Ta(k) (n)For the fluid temperature (F.T.) at shaft bottom in annular space, K；
γ is fluid temperature (F.T.) calculation error at shaft bottom, takes 1K.
If formula (6) is set up, calculation error is met, the drill string at all nodes as obtained by being iterated to calculate step (5)
In, fluid temperature (F.T.) is ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field in annular space.If formula (6) is invalid, no
Calculation error is met, need to be to fluid temperature (F.T.) T at well head in the annular space in step (4)a(0) (n)Again it is assumed that simultaneously repeat step again
(5) iterate to calculate, until formula (6) is set up.
In the step (3), heat exchange Q between fluid at calculate node i in annular space and drill stringap(i), count in seawater and annular space
Heat exchange Q between fluid at operator node iwa(i), heat exchange Q between fluid at calculate node i in stratum and annular spacesa(i), calculate in drill string
The heat Q that flowage friction is produced at node ifp(i), the heat Q that flowage friction is produced at calculate node i in annular spacefa(i)
(Z.M.Wang,X.N.Hao,X.Q.Wang et al.Numerical simulation on deepwater drilling
wellbore temperature and pressure distribution[J].Petroleum Science and
Technology,28(2010):911-919) the heat Q that decomposition of hydrate absorbs at calculate node i and in annular spaceh(i)
(E.D.Sloana,F.Fleyfelb.Hydrate dissociation enthalpy and guest size[J].Fluid
Phase Equilibria,76(1992):Computational methods 123-140) are as follows：
Heat exchange Q between fluid at calculate node i in annular space and drill stringap(i)It is calculated as follows
Heat exchange Q in seawater and annular space at calculate node i between fluidwa(i)It is calculated as follows
Heat exchange Q in stratum and annular space at calculate node i between fluidsa(i)It is calculated as follows
Fluid and integrated heat transfer coefficient U of the stratum at calculate node i in annular space in formula (9)sa(i)It is calculated as follows
The heat Q that flowage friction is produced at calculate node i in drill stringfp(i)It is calculated as follows
The heat Q that flowage friction is produced at calculate node i in annular spacefa(i)It is calculated as follows
The heat Q that decomposition of hydrate absorbs at calculate node i in annular spaceh(i)It is calculated as follows
In formula (10)~(13)：
Tw(i) (n)、Ts(i) (n)Ocean temperature, formation temperature, K at respectively calculate node i；
Dro、Dco、Dcso、DcsiRespectively marine riser external diameter, sleeve outer, cement sheath external diameter, cement sheath internal diameter, m；
αf1(i)、αf2(i)、αf3(i)Respectively drill string inner surface, water proof pipe internal surface, on internal surface of casing at calculate node i
Forced convection heat transfer coefficient, W/ (m2·K)；
αm1(i)、αm2(i)Respectively drill string outer surface, outer around face heat convection at calculate node i on water proof tube outer surface
Coefficient, W/ (m2·K)；
λp(i)、λr(i)、λc(i)、λcs(i)、λs(i)Respectively drill string, marine riser, sleeve pipe, cement sheath, stratum are in calculate node i
The thermal conductivity factor at place, W/ (mK)；
Usa(i)For fluid in annular space and integrated heat transfer coefficient of the stratum at calculate node i, W/ (m2·K)；
TDFor Transient Heat Transfer function, zero dimension；
vp(i)、va(i)Flow velocity of the fluid-mixing at calculate node i, m/s respectively in drill string, in annular space；
mp(i)、ma(i)Mass flow of the fluid-mixing at calculate node i, kg/s respectively in drill string, in annular space；
DaoFor annular space external diameter, calculate node is water proof bore D positioned at mud line above well sectionri, positioned at mud line to go into the well
Section is casing inner diameter Dci, m；
ZgeqFor the gas deviation factor under ring air temperature, pressure condition at node, zero dimension；
R is universal gas constant, J/ (molK)；
peq(i) (n)For natural gas hydrate phase balance emulation pressure, Pa at calculate node i.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable advantage：
(1) present invention according to the node in drill string and in annular space by, simultaneously from well head to the order in shaft bottom, iterating to calculate
Wellbore Temperature Field is obtained, it is convenient to calculate, and error is smaller, accurately can quickly calculate Wellbore Temperature Field.
(2) present invention can realize its temperature in wellbore field computation for ocean gas hydrate layer drilling well, to judge sea
Foreign gas hydrates layer stable state, drilling fluid rheology, calculating Wellbore Flow parameter, and then ensure marine drilling construction peace
It is complete that theoretical foundation is provided.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft heat exchange schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field the actual calculation figure.
Embodiment
Below by taking the actual ocean gas hydrate layer drilling well in somewhere as an example, with reference to accompanying drawing, further is made to the present invention
Explain, but the invention is not limited in following examples.
Ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft heat exchange schematic diagram as shown in figure 1, mud line above pit shaft outside be seawater,
Mud line with outside well-sinking for stratum.Drilling fluid injects in well head from drill string, and occurring heat by fluid in drill string and annular space hands over
Change.Reach shaft bottom after, drilling fluid carry gas hydrates bore meal particles from annular space on return, on the one hand, fluid in annular space
Occurs heat exchange with fluid in drill string；On the other hand, fluid is sent out by sleeve pipe, cement sheath and stratum in the following well section annular space of mud line
Heat is exchanged, and by marine riser and seawater heat exchange occurs for fluid in mud line above well section annular space；On return during, gas water
Compound bore meal particles influence Wellbore Temperature Field as temperature in wellbore is raised, pressure is reduced and heat absorption of decomposing.
A kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field, comprises the following steps successively：
(1) according to Drilling Design and reservoir parameter, ocean gas hydrate layer drilling parameter and primary condition are obtained：Every
Water pipe outer diameter Dro, sleeve outer DcoIt is 0.508m；Drill string outer diameter DpoFor 0.127m, bit diameter is 0.445m；Well depth H is
1600m, is pumped into drilling fluid displacement 30l/s, is pumped into drilling fluid density ρp(0)For 1030kg/m3；Sea water advanced HseaFor 1500m；Sea
Face temperature is 298K；Formation temperature gradient is 3 DEG C/100m；Hydrate abundance is 70% in reservoir；Rate of penetration is 10m/h；Meter
Calculate the drilling fluid implantation temperature T at momentp(0) (n)For 298K；Annular space well head pressure pa(0) (n)For 101300Pa.
(2) space nodes division is carried out, according to ocean gas hydrate layer drilling parameter in step (1), spatial domain is
Whole pit shaft, from well head to shaft bottom, node axial direction sequence number is incremented by successively since 0；Node ID at well head is at 0, shaft bottom
Node ID is 1600.
(3) according to heat transfer theory and law of conservation of energy, based on ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field
Computation model, calculates the temperature change in grid：Δ T in drill stringp(i) (n)With Δ T in annular spacea(i) (n)。
(4) it is that at node 0, when being calculated, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in drill string at well head is the brill for calculating the moment at well head
Well liquid implantation temperature Tp(0) (n)For 298K；And the fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular space at well heada(0) (n)Fluid is as returned out from annular space
Temperature is unknown parameter, carries out hypothesis Ta(0) (n)Value, according to assume scope：273K≤Ta(0) (n)≤Tp(0) (n)It is assumed to be 292K,
And calculated.
(5) flowed according to the node in drill string and in annular space simultaneously from well head to the order in shaft bottom according in drill string at node i
Temperature Tp(i) (n)With fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular spacea(i) (n), calculate the temperature in wellbore at next node i+1：Fluid temperature (F.T.) in drill string
Tp(i+1) (n)With fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular spacea(i+1) (n)；Iterated to calculate from well head to shaft bottom, obtain the fluid at shaft bottom in drill string
Temperature Tp(k) (n)Fluid temperature (F.T.) T in=281.06K, annular space at shaft bottoma(k) (n)=281.41K.
(6) according to the fluid temperature (F.T.) T in temperature in wellbore computational methods, obtained drill string in step (5) at shaft bottomp(k) (n)、
Fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular space at shaft bottoma(k) (n), and according to calculation error γ=1K, more whether meet calculation error：Then meet calculation error.
Therefore, the fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular space at well heada(0) (n)During for 292K, by calculating, fluid temperature (F.T.) is met at shaft bottom
Calculation error, as obtained by being iterated to calculate step (5) at all nodes in drill string, fluid temperature (F.T.) is ocean natural gas in annular space
Hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field, (Fig. 2 is ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft temperature field example meter as shown in Figure 2
Calculate result figure).
Claims (3)
1. a kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field, comprises the following steps successively：
(1) according to Drilling Design and reservoir parameter, ocean gas hydrate layer drilling parameter and primary condition, drilling well ginseng are obtained
Number includes：Casing programme, BHA, to be pumped into hydrate in parameter, sea water advanced, ocean temperature, formation temperature, reservoir rich
Degree, rate of penetration, well depth, primary condition include：Calculate the drilling fluid implantation temperature T at momentp(0) (n), annular space well head pressure
pa(0) (n)；
(2) carry out space nodes division, spatial domain be whole pit shaft, from well head to shaft bottom, node axial direction sequence number since 0 successively
It is incremented by, node ID at well head is that any calculate node sequence number is represented with i in 0, pit shaft, next calculate node sequence number i+1
Represent, node ID is k at shaft bottom；
(3) ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft calculation model for temperature field is set up, the temperature change expression in grid is calculated
Formula is as follows：
In drill string：
In annular space：
Mud line above well section,
The following well section of mud line,
In formula：I is calculate node,
N is the calculating moment,
Δ h is set as 1m to calculate Gridding length in calculating,
HseaFor sea water advanced, m,
ΔTp(i) (n)、ΔTa(i) (n)Temperature change respectively in drill string, in annular space in calculating grid, K,
ρp(i)、ρa(i)Fluid-mixing density respectively in drill string, in annular space at calculate node i, kg/m3,
vp(i)、va(i)Fluid-mixing flow velocity respectively in drill string, in annular space at calculate node i, m/s,
cp(i)、ca(i)Fluid-mixing specific heat capacity respectively in drill string, in annular space in pit shaft at calculate node i, J/ (kgK),
Dpi、Dpo、Dri、DciRespectively drill string internal diameter, drill string external diameter, water proof bore, casing inner diameter, m,
Qap(i)For heat exchange between fluid at calculate node i in annular space and drill string, W,
Qwa(i)、Qsa(i)Heat exchange between fluid at calculate node i respectively in seawater and annular space, in stratum and annular space, W,
Qfp(i)、Qfa(i)The heat produced respectively in drill string with flowage friction at calculate node i in annular space, W,
Qh(i)For the heat that decomposition of hydrate absorbs at calculate node i in annular space, W；
(4) when being i=0 at well head, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in drill string at well head is the drilling fluid implantation temperature T for calculating the momentp(0) (n)For
Fluid temperature (F.T.) T in known parameters, annular space at well heada(0) (n)The temperature that fluid is returned out from annular space is unknown parameter, it is assumed that
Ta(0) (n)Value；
(5) according to the node in drill string and in annular space simultaneously from well head to the order in shaft bottom, according to fluid temperature in drill string at node i
Spend Tp(i) (n)With fluid temperature (F.T.) T in annular spacea(i) (n), calculate the temperature in wellbore at next node i+1：
In formula：Tp(i) (n)、Ta(i) (n)At respectively calculate node i in drill string, fluid temperature (F.T.) in annular space, K,
Tp(i+1) (n)、Ta(i+1) (n)At respectively calculate node i+1 in drill string, fluid temperature (F.T.) in annular space, K,
From well head iterative calculation until at the node k of shaft bottom, obtaining the fluid temperature (F.T.) T at shaft bottom in drill stringp(k) (n)With shaft bottom in annular space
The fluid temperature (F.T.) T at placea(k) (n)；
(6) if meeting following formula：
In formula：Tp(k) (n)For the fluid temperature (F.T.) at shaft bottom in drill string, K,
Ta(k) (n)For the fluid temperature (F.T.) at shaft bottom in annular space, K,
γ is fluid temperature (F.T.) calculation error at shaft bottom,
Fluid temperature (F.T.) is that ocean natural gas is hydrated in drill string, in annular space at all nodes as obtained by being iterated to calculate step (5)
Nitride layer bored shaft temperature field.
2. a kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In hypothesis T in the step (4)a(0) (n)Value, its assume scope be 273K≤Ta(0) (n)≤Tp(0) (n)。
3. a kind of ocean gas hydrate layer bored shaft Calculation Method of Temperature Field as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In fluid temperature (F.T.) calculation error γ takes 1K at shaft bottom in the step (6).
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110674572A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-01-10 | 西南石油大学 | Method for predicting natural gas hydrate generation area in seabed gas transmission pipeline |
| CN112347675A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-02-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for cooperatively regulating and controlling reservoir natural gas hydrate phase state by drilling fluid additive and temperature and pressure field |
| CN117113777A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-11-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Drill string vortex-induced vibration calculation method considering internal flow |
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| CN117113777B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2024-04-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Drill string vortex-induced vibration calculation method considering internal flow |
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