CN106950445B - Inter-station time difference analysis method based on fault recording data - Google Patents
Inter-station time difference analysis method based on fault recording data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An interstation time difference analysis method based on fault recording data comprises the steps of determining relative time points of faults in recording by using a frequency domain analysis method, searching fault recording pairs matched with fault characteristics by using a dynamic time normalization method, generating an interstation time offset table and the like. The method provided by the invention does not depend on line parameters and a power system architecture, can be used for accurately synchronizing the time between the stations based on the historical wave recording data of the conventional fault information system, and has the advantages of simple implementation method, easiness in operation, higher accuracy and stronger robustness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automation, and particularly belongs to an inter-station time difference analysis scheme applied to a fault information system.
Background
Although many stations are equipped with a unified time service system at present, the reliability is poor, and meanwhile, a communication link is interrupted due to a relatively serious fault, so that a clock of the station often makes mistakes, and the realization of accurate time synchronization of a plurality of station oscillographs cannot be completely guaranteed at present. When fault analysis is carried out, for simple faults, workers can carry out manual association according to the change of characteristic electrical quantities and the action condition of the protection circuit breaker by analyzing fault waveforms of a plurality of stations of a main station. However, for a plurality of complex faults occurring in a short time, each station may record a plurality of recording data in a short time, and the relevance of the plurality of recording data is difficult to judge without an accurate clock. For accurate analysis trouble, the manual synchronization of data is carried out according to trouble at every turn to the record ripples data that need a plurality of record ripples wares to gather in many times, not only wastes time also can not apply to production one line.
The current main time synchronization modes include the following modes:
(1) and (5) carrying out hard time setting in a pulse time setting mode. The advantages of pulse time setting mode are that it can obtain higher synchronous precision up to nanosecond level, and the time setting receiving circuit is simpler. However, the disadvantage of the pulse time-tick is that the slave device must preset the correct time reference, when the difference between the master clock and the slave clock is too large, the time-tick mode cannot correct the error of more than minutes, and a special pulse time-tick device is additionally configured.
(2) And a serial port time synchronization mode. The serial port time synchronization mode is that time synchronization slave equipment such as microcomputer fault recording and monitoring equipment receives clock information through a serial port to correct the clock of the slave equipment. The serial port time-setting mode can be divided into a short-distance mode and a long-distance mode. In serial port time synchronization, the time for receiving one frame of data by a serial port is long, so that the time synchronization precision is low and can only reach the precision of a second level.
(3) B code mode. The B code time synchronization mode integrates the advantages of pulse time synchronization and serial port time synchronization, has higher time synchronization precision (reaching dozens of microseconds to milliseconds), and has the outstanding advantages that time synchronization signals and time code information of seconds, minutes, time, days and the like are loaded into a signal carrier with the frequency of 1 kHz. The disadvantage of the B code scheme is that both the generating and receiving circuits of the B code are complex, and especially the AC code circuit therein is more complex to implement.
(4) And (5) network time synchronization. The network time synchronization mode is that an external clock source is configured at a server, the device accesses a clock signal of the clock source into the server through a serial port, and the server sends a time synchronization command through the network in a broadcast mode to time each work station below the time synchronization command. Currently, the network time protocol NTP and the simple network time protocol SNTP are the most commonly used internet time transfer protocols. The network synchronization has the disadvantages that a reliable network and stable transmission delay are required, the time synchronization precision is influenced when the communication network is unstable and the delay is changed, a master-slave mode generally adopted by the network synchronization depends on a clock of a master server, and the time of a slave node cannot be synchronized after a link between the slave node and a master node is interrupted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of poor expansibility, insufficient time synchronization precision, complex time synchronization system and the like of the current time synchronization method, the invention provides an inter-station time difference analysis method based on fault recording data, which utilizes historical recording data in a fault information system to accurately analyze time difference.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme.
An interstation time difference analysis method based on fault recording data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting fault recording data connected by a physical line between two stations, extracting the recording data at two ends of the physical line, namely the time sequence data of each phase of original current, and respectively putting the data into two fault recording centralizes corresponding to two ends of the line;
step 2: determining subscripts of each phase fault starting time and current time sequence data corresponding to the starting time in wave recording data at two ends of a line, wherein the subscripts are used for representing serial numbers corresponding to the fault wave recording data;
and step 3: searching a fault recording pair matched with the fault characteristics by adopting a dynamic time normalization method;
and 4, step 4: and calculating the time difference between the fault recording data of the two stations connected by the physical line, and generating an integral time offset table between all stations corresponding to the master station.
The invention further comprises the following preferred embodiments:
in step 1, the monitoring management center master station traverses the recording data sets of all the stations, selects the recording data connected by a physical line between two stations, and puts the recording data sent by the stations at two ends of the physical line into two fault recording sets corresponding to the two ends of the line respectively.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1 calculating frequency domain characteristic data of the original current time sequence data at two ends of the line;
2.2 judging a fault phase according to the frequency domain characteristic data, and identifying the initial time of the fault recording data of the phase;
2.3 calculating the corresponding subscript of the original current time sequence data as FaultIndex according to the fault starting time in the 2.2 recording; if 2.2, the fault phase is not judged, the subscript FaultIndex of the original current time-series data is made to be an invalid value.
In step 2.2, if the frequency characteristic data of the current time point meets one of the following three conditions, it is determined that the current time point n is the start time of the fault in the recording:
(1) frequency F of maximum value in frequency characteristic datanIs not in the threshold range of power frequency [ power frequency-Thr 1, power frequency + Thr1]，Thr1＝5；
(2) The maximum amplitude of the frequency characteristic data is smaller than an amplitude threshold value Thr2, Thr2 is 10-6I.e., 0.000001;
(3) the change rate of the maximum amplitude of the frequency characteristic data at the current moment compared with the average value of the previous amplitudes is larger than a change rate threshold value Thr 3; thr3 is a threshold value of the rate of change, and is set to 0.05.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1 screening the wave recording data with the same fault phase as an alternative wave recording pair, and respectively putting the wave recording data into wave recording set pairs at two ends of the line to be matched;
and 3.2, searching the recording data pair representing the same fault in the two end recording set pairs.
In step 4, according to the matched fault recording pairs searched in step 3, calculating the local recording time of two recording pairs in the fault recording pairs and the fault starting time in respective recording data, further obtaining time compilation between two plant stations, and finally obtaining a time offset table between plant stations subordinate to the master station; the master station can perform time alignment and correlation according to the table when processing the fault data.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method disclosed by the patent is independent of line parameters and a power system framework, can be used for accurately synchronizing the time between the stations based on the historical wave recording data of the conventional fault information system, is simple and easy to operate, has high accuracy and has high robustness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the analysis of time difference between stations based on fault recording data according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method for analyzing time difference between stations based on fault recording data disclosed by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the process of determining the start time of each phase fault in the recorded data;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a fault recording pair for searching fault feature matching by using a dynamic time normalization method.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings and examples.
The invention provides an inter-station time difference analysis method based on fault recording data, which is used for calculating the time difference between plant stations based on historical fault recording data between the plant stations, and the feasibility of the method is based on the following analysis:
in a power network, the average distance between stations is in the order of hundred kilometers, and the propagation speed of an electric signal in a power transmission line is 290 kilometers/s, so that when the power transmission line fails, the time difference of fault waveforms received by wave recorders at two ends of the power transmission line in a real time coordinate system is less than microsecond. Therefore, the time difference between stations can be determined as long as fault recording at both ends of the line caused by the fault is found (the recording adds local absolute time).
The current signal characteristic details in fault recording caused by different reasons such as mountain fire, thunder, foreign matter and bird damage are different, and even if the faults are of the same type, the current signal characteristics are different, so that two-end recording pairs of the same fault can be found from a large number of recording sets by analyzing the current characteristics.
A typical line fault causes a fault data generation process at a plant station at both ends of the line as shown in figure 1. After a fault occurs on the line, fault signals are transmitted to factory stations A, B at two ends along lines TL _ a and TL _ b, and after the fault signals reach respective station wave recorders Tr _ a and Tr _ b from a fault point, the wave recorders record waves according to set logic conditions. The oscillograph continuously collects and caches the electric quantity including voltage and current, but does not form a oscillograph file, and when a fault occurs, the oscillograph can store data of a period of time before the fault moment. Different oscillographs have different response times to fault oscillography, so that the fault point is different from the starting time. Through the positioning of the relative time of fault points in wave recording, the accurate time synchronization of the wave recording at two ends of a line can be completed.
The invention discloses an inter-station time difference analysis method based on fault recording data, which is shown in figure 2, wherein a power system fault information management system has a hierarchical system and structurally comprises a monitoring management center main station system and a station system arranged in a transformer substation, the main station and the station are in one-to-many relationship, and a power transmission network is formed by connecting a power transmission line with the station. And the station system finishes the work of acquisition, preprocessing, self-checking and the like of fault data of the transformer substation and uploads the data to the main station. And the master station processes the comprehensive data and analyzes the fault. The method for analyzing the time difference between stations comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting fault recording data connected by a physical line between two stations, and extracting each phase of original current time sequence data at two ends of the physical line; traversing the wave recording data sets of each plant station by the monitoring management center main station, selecting wave recording data with physical line connection between the two plant stations according to the configuration of a wave recording channel, and if the line is L, putting the wave recording data sent by the plant stations at two ends of the line L into a WaveSet _ L _ A data set and a WaveSet _ L _ B data set respectively by the monitoring management center main station, wherein the WaveSet _ L _ A data set and the WaveSet _ L _ B data set represent fault wave recording data sets of the plant station A and the plant station B at two ends of the line L.
And (3) independently processing the recording data in the two sets, and respectively extracting each phase of original current time sequence data in the recording data at the two ends of the line: i isAa,IAb,IAcAnd IBa,IBb,IBc(ii) a Wherein, IAa,IAb,IAcA, B, C three-phase current time-series data, I, representing one end (A-end) of a lineBa,IBb,IBcA, B, C three-phase current time series data representing the other end of the line (terminal B).
Step 2: determining the initial time of each phase fault in the wave recording data at two ends of the line and the subscript of the current time sequence data corresponding to the initial time; as shown in fig. 3, step 2 includes the following:
2.1 calculating frequency domain characteristic data of the time series data of the original current at two ends of the line,
performing windowed Fourier transform on the raw current time-series data:
P＝STFT(S,nfft,w,h,fs)
s is the original current signal Ia，Ib，IcOne of them. Need independent and separate pairs Ia，Ib，IcPerforming windowed Fourier transform, wherein the number of data points of S is T, the sampling rate is fs, nfft is the Fourier transform length, w is the number of data points contained in a selection window, the number of data points overlapped between h windows is the number of data points, and fs is the original sampling rate of wave recording;
the output P after windowing Fourier transform of S is a matrix after decomposing an original signal, and the matrix comprises N rows and M columns, wherein N is (T-w)/h and is the number of windows; m is nfft/2, which is the number of frequency segments;
obtaining the maximum amplitude and the corresponding frequency of the frequency spectrum on each time window by P;
the maximum amplitude over the nth time window is:
MaxPn＝{max(Pn,m) And l M is 1.. M }, N is the nth time window, N is 1.. N, and P is a matrix of N × M, wherein the matrix is obtained by adding the window to the signal S and performing Fourier transform. MAXP is an array of 1 × N.
The corresponding frequencies are:
Fn＝{Freq(m)|max(Pn,m),m＝1..M}，
n, wherein freq (M) M/M fs;
2.2, judging the starting time of fault recording data of the fault phase; traversing array MaxP from N-1 … Nn、FnIf the frequency characteristic data of the current time point meets one of the following three conditions, judging that the current time point n is the fault starting time in wave recording:
(1) if the maximum amplitude MaxFnCorresponding frequency FnIs not in the threshold range of power frequency [ power frequency-Thr 1, power frequency + Thr1]，Thr1＝5；
(2) Maximum amplitude MaxFnLess than threshold Thr2, Thr2 ═ 10-6I.e., 0.000001;
(3) the maximum amplitude value at the current time is larger than the change rate threshold Thr3, i.e. the change rate of the average value of the previous amplitude values is larger than
abs is absolute value, mean is mean value, MaxP, N synchronization step 2.1 is defined, and Thr3 is set to 0.05 as the rate threshold.
2.3 calculating the corresponding index as FaultIndex according to the fault initial time in the record obtained in the step 2.2, specifically to three channels, the index as FaultIndexA、FaultIndexB、FaultIndexC(ii) a If the facies has no data that satisfies the three rules, then the FaultIndex is made an invalid value. And step 3: and searching the fault recording pairs matched with the fault characteristics by adopting a dynamic time normalization method. As shown in fig. 4, step 3 includes the following:
3.1 screening the data meeting the conditions;
according to the calculation result of the step 2, determining the fault line phase corresponding to the wave recording data, screening the wave recording data with the same fault phase as an alternative wave recording pair, and respectively putting the wave recording data into wave recording set pairs at two ends of the line L:
＜MatchSet_L_A,MatchSet_L_B＞；
3.2 searching wave recording data pairs representing the same fault in the wave recording sets MatchSet _ L _ A, MatchSet _ L _ B at the two ends of the line L;
(1) respectively taking a wave recording file Wa and Wb from MatchSet _ L _ A, MatchSet _ L _ B;
(2) selecting fault phase current recording data in Wa and WbRespectively obtaining P corresponding to Wa and Wb through the processing of the step 2.1, respectively recording the P as PA and PB, and respectively obtaining the dimensions of [ Na, Ma]And [ Nb, Mb ]]N1 and N2 are the window numbers of the two; if it is notIf the sampling frequencies are not consistent, namely M, intercepting the data with lower frequency;
(3) considering PA and PB as sequences with lengths of N1 and N2, respectively, and elements of [1 × M ] vector, where M is the number of frequency segments, then calculating a similarity matrix of the sequences PA and PB as follows:
wherein d (PA)i，PBj)＝PAi·PBj/|PAi|×|PBiAnd | i, j is the abscissa and ordinate of the matrix SimM.
The cumulative shortest distance AccD from the top left to the bottom right of the similarity matrix SimM is calculated by using DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm (N1, N2). AccD is defined as follows:
AccD(i,j)＝SimM(i,j)+min{AccD(i,j-1),AccD(i-1,j),AccD(i-1,j-1)}
where i, j are the row and column indices of SimM, 1< ═ i < ═ N1, 1< ═ j < ═ N2, respectively. The shortest path corresponding to AccD (N1, N2) is:
W＝w1,w2,....,wk,...wK
wherein max (N1, N2)<＝K<N1+N2，wKThe value of (A) is a matrix abscissa and ordinate pair<N1,N2>，wK-1The subscripts of the smallest of the three elements (e.g., w assuming AccD (N1, N2-1) is the smallest of the three elements AccD (N1, N2-1), AccD (N1-1, N2), AccD (N1-1, N2-1) are (e.g., w assumes that AccD (N1, N2-1) is the smallest of the three elements)K-1N1, N2-1), and so on, we can find w1The value of (c).
According to the method of the fault relative time points in the recorded waves obtained in the step 2, fault points FaultIndexA and FaultIndexB of the PA and the PB are obtained respectively, and whether the following three conditions are met simultaneously is detected:
1) < FaultIndexA, FaultIndexB > is in shortest Path W
2) Then the path with length Thr3 is set in W to Thr3 ═ 10, i.e. < FaultIndexA +1, < FaultIndexB +1>, …, < FaultIndexA + Thr3, < FaultIndexB + Thr3> belonging to the W sequence.
3) The minimum distance AccD (N1, N2)/K > Thr4, Thr4 ═ 99% for the two sequences;
and if the three conditions are met, the wave recording Wa and Wb corresponding to the PA and the PB are a wave recording pair matched successfully.
And 4, step 4: calculating the time difference between the fault recording data of the two substations connected by the physical line, and generating an integral time offset table;
suppose that the local recording time of the recorded wave Wa is taWb's local record recording time is tb. The deviation of the fault time in the recording is tfa＝FaultIndexA/fs，tfbThe time difference between station a and station B is:
Δta，b＝(ta+tfa)-(tb+tfb)
from the previous calculations, a table of time offsets from station to station can be derived, as shown in table 1. The master station can perform time alignment and association of data according to the table when processing the data. In addition, if there is a sub-station of gps time-setting in the table, based on the station, other stations having direct relation and indirect relation with the station in the table can adjust and align time according to the time offset table to generate local accurate time.
TABLE 1 time migration Table
| Line name | Name of station | Name of station | Time difference |
| L1 | Station A | B station | Δta，b |
| L2 | Station A | C station | Δta，c |
| … | … | … | … |
Claims (5)
1. An interstation time difference analysis method based on fault recording data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting fault recording data connected by a physical line between two stations, extracting the recording data at two ends of the physical line, namely the time sequence data of each phase of original current, and respectively putting the data into two fault recording centralizes corresponding to two ends of the line;
step 2: determining subscripts of each phase fault starting time and current time sequence data corresponding to the starting time in wave recording data at two ends of a line, wherein the subscripts are used for representing serial numbers corresponding to the fault wave recording data;
and step 3: searching a fault recording pair matched with the fault characteristics by adopting a dynamic time normalization method;
3.1 screening the wave recording data with the same fault phase as an alternative wave recording pair, and respectively putting the wave recording data into wave recording set pairs at two ends of the line to be matched;
3.2 searching the recording data pair representing the same fault in the two end recording set pairs;
and 4, step 4: and calculating the time difference between the fault recording data of the two stations connected by the physical line, and generating an integral time offset table between all stations corresponding to the master station.
2. The method for analyzing time difference between stations based on fault recording data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in step 1, the monitoring management center master station traverses the recording data sets of all the stations, selects the recording data connected by a physical line between two stations, and puts the recording data sent by the stations at two ends of the physical line into two fault recording sets corresponding to the two ends of the line respectively.
3. The method for analyzing time difference between stations based on fault recording data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1 calculating frequency domain characteristic data of the original current time sequence data at two ends of the line;
2.2 judging the fault phase according to the frequency domain characteristic data, and identifying the starting time of the fault recording data of the fault phase;
2.3 calculating the corresponding index of the original current time sequence data as FaultIndex according to the fault starting time in the wave recording of the step 2.2; if step 2.2 does not determine a faulty phase, let the subscript FaultIndex of the raw current time series data be an invalid value.
4. The method of claim 3 for analyzing time difference between stations based on fault recording data, wherein the method is characterized in that
In step 2.2, if the frequency characteristic data of the current time point meets one of the following three conditions, it is determined that the current time point n is the start time of the fault in the recording:
(1) frequency F of maximum value in frequency characteristic datanIs not in the threshold range of power frequency [ power frequency-Thr 1, power frequency + Thr1]Thr1 ═ 5; th1 represents a value equal to 5;
(2) the maximum amplitude of the frequency characteristic data is smaller than an amplitude threshold value Thr2, Thr2 is 10-6I.e., 0.000001;
(3) the maximum amplitude of the frequency characteristic data at the current moment is larger than the change rate threshold value Thr3 compared with the absolute value of the change rate of the average value of the previous amplitude; thr3 is a rate threshold, set to 0.05.
5. The method for analyzing time difference between stations based on fault recording data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in step 4, according to the matched fault recording pair searched in step 3, calculating the local recording time of two recording waves in the fault recording pair and the fault starting time in the respective recording data, further obtaining the time offset between two plant stations, and finally obtaining a time offset table between the plant stations subordinate to the master station; the master station can perform time alignment and correlation according to the table when processing the fault data.
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| CN108152677B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-03-16 | 威胜信息技术股份有限公司 | Three-phase synchronization method based on wireless |
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