CN106950128B - A kind of online dynamic ablation measuring device and its measurement method for applying shock loading - Google Patents
A kind of online dynamic ablation measuring device and its measurement method for applying shock loading Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of online dynamic ablation measuring devices and its measurement method for applying shock loading.Measuring device of the invention includes: dynamic ablation platform, shock loading bringing device, flame heating device, laser velocimeter, temperature measurement system, sample holding device, first to third video camera and image processing system；The present invention uses shock loading bringing device, shock loading is loaded in the ablation process of test specimen, the size and material of suitable alluvium can be selected according to actual condition, and select conflicting model and angle, and then the situation that is actually hit of sample work is simulated, the sample provided closer to practical service environment simulates effect；In combination with temperature measurement system and image processing system, it can be achieved that the dynamic deformation to the temperature quantitative measurment of material oxidation ablation process, the picture catching of dynamic ablation process and sample measures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to structural deformation measuring techniques, and in particular to a kind of online dynamic ablation measurement for applying shock loading
Device and its measurement method.
Background technique
Engine is the core component of aircraft, is that aircraft mobility, voyage, reliability, economy and environment influence
One of deciding factor.Aero-engine Service Environment is severe, factor is complicated, and material has coupling effect to the response of environment
It answers, rather than the superposition of single environment exercising result.For this purpose, various countries corresponding great investigation of materials in the works, all by material
Environmental performance simulation be used as main contents, the aircraft composite material plan formulated such as U.S. 1988, nineteen ninety NASA,
The advanced heat engine ceramic technology plan that DOE and DoD joint is formulated is advanced with the following steam turbine generator of formulation in Japanese 1993
Material planning (AMG) etc. all coincidentally requires to establish the environmental performance characterization and database of material, and has developed ring first
Border analogy method, including two aspect of experiment simulation and numerical simulation.
In terms of testing simulation, presently, there are two methods: the first is to directly acquire material using full ambient engine factorial experiments
The test result of material.Although full ambient engine analogy method and equipment increasingly approaching to reality environment, disadvantage are also evident from, that is just
It is that the investment of analog machine and the cost of environment certification test rise at double.Second is the object to interact from environment and material
Reason and chemical nature are set out, Development of Novel analog theory and experimental method.The characteristics of these methods is with material damage and to destroy
Environmental control factor and material property governing factor be foundation, full ambient engine factor stimulation is reduced to the experiment mould of governing factor
It is quasi-.For the environment and material simulation of engine structural material, the research of the overwhelming majority also focuses on material itself at present
Physical and chemical performance, in terms of being concentrated mainly on ablation test to the property examination of material, and for the coupling of environment in ablation process
It closes effect analog and considers seldom.Especially in actual use since engine sucks foreign particle or engine this body structure
Breakage, engine structure will receive the shock of certain particulate matters with material.Sometimes, hard object can also hit aero-engine high temperature
The turbo blade at end causes the badly damaged of thermal barrier coating.The slight crack of blade inlet edge will develop into fatigue crack, and spread and
Make entire blade damage.For the simulation for the shock loading that may be subject in material actual operating conditions, due to ablation test sheet
The difficulty that the complexity and experiment porch of body are built causes to apply material under the conditions of ablation impact load at present
The considerations of lotus, and there are obvious gaps for this operating condition being subject in practice with material, therefore can not more accurately simulate description
Response of the material under real operating environments.Therefore it is extremely important to carry out the online work for applying shock loading this respect, to mentioning
High material military service performance is also to play a crucial role.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of online dynamic ablation surveys for applying shock loading
Amount device and its measurement method, it can be achieved that material or structure apply shock loading online during ablation, simulation material or
Structural member be hit in actual use load the case where, while to test process carry out temperature quantitative collection, dynamic burn
Lose procedural image capture, the picture catching of sample deformation situation；And propose that material or structural member are being rushed on this device basic
Ablation test method under the conditions of hitting.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of online dynamic ablation measuring devices for applying shock loading.
The dynamic ablation measuring device of online application shock loading of the invention includes: dynamic ablation platform, shock loading
Bringing device, flame heating device, laser velocimeter, temperature measurement system, sample holding device, first to third video camera and
Image processing system；Wherein, sample holding device is mounted on dynamic ablation platform；Sample is mounted in sample holding device,
The front of sample is striking face, and the face opposite with striking face is the back side；The striking face of shock loading bringing device face sample is pacified
On dynamic ablation platform；Laser velocimeter is set between shock loading bringing device and the striking face of sample；Flame adds
The striking face of the nozzle registration coupon of thermal；Striking face of the temperature measurement system against sample；First video camera is against sample
Striking face, second and third video camera be located at different angles against the back side of sample；First to third video camera point
Image processing system is not connected to it；Before ablation, the first video camera acquires the two dimensional image and second and the of the striking face of sample
Three video cameras acquire the 3-D image at the back side of sample, as initial reference image；The nozzle registration coupon of flame heating device
Striking face carry out ablation, while first to third video camera acquisition test specimen image；Temperature measurement system acquisition sample is hit
The temperature in face is hit, upon reaching a predetermined temperature, shock loading bringing device launching shock object hits the striking face of sample；Laser
Tachymeter measures the speed of alluvium, to obtain Impact energy；First video camera obtains the striking face of sample in ablation process
Changed ablation image, image processing system analyze striking face changed ablation image, obtain hit before and hit after
The variable quantity of ablation velocity；Second and third video camera obtain the different angle at the back side of sample in ablation process in real time respectively
Image, image processing system obtain the 3 D deformation field at the back side according to the principle of binocular stereo vision；Impact energy is input to figure
As processing system, image processing system analyzes the relationship between Impact energy and the variable quantity and 3 D deformation field of ablation velocity,
To obtain influence of the Impact energy to test specimen.
Shock loading bringing device includes pedestal, inflating port, gas-filled switching tube, emission switch, gas chamber, alluvium, gun tube, bullet
Support and bullet support recover；Wherein, pedestal is mounted on dynamic ablation platform；In one end of gas chamber, gun tube is set；Gas chamber and gun tube
It is mounted on the base, the striking face of gun tube face sample；Bullet support is set in gun tube, and alluvium is placed in bullet support, in gun tube
Top be arranged bullet support recover；Gas chamber the other end be arranged inflating port, be respectively arranged on inflating port gas-filled switching tube and
Emission switch；Gas-filled switching tube is controlled, is inflated by inflating port into gas chamber；Emission switch is opened, using draught head, by high pressure gas
Body is discharged from gun tube, pushes bullet delivery dynamic, so that alluvium be launched from gun tube, bullet support is stayed in gun tube by bullet support recover
It is interior.According to the bullet support of the size of emitting substance and material selection corresponding size.By control inflating port to chamber inflated, gas chamber is controlled
Interior air pressure, to control the emission rate of alluvium；Single-impact or continuous several times impact can be applied.The axis of gun tube is punching
It hits the center line of load bringing device, alluvium and the center line of bullet support and the axis of gun tube is overlapped.
Flame heating device includes conduit and nozzle；Wherein, conduit is connected to nozzle, the striking face of nozzle face test specimen；
Using modes such as gas heating or electric arc heateds；Using a nozzle or using the array of multiple nozzles composition.
Temperature measurement system includes infrared radiation thermometer and computer；Wherein, infrared radiation thermometer is connected to computer；Infrared survey
The temperature of warm instrument acquisition test specimen striking face, sends data to computer.
Laser velocimeter, infrared radiation thermometer and first to third video camera pass through respective bracket respectively and are mounted on dynamic
On ablation platform.
It includes sample frame pedestal, support frame, shaft, runing rest and clamping plate that sample, which accommodates device,；Wherein, sample frame pedestal
It is fixed on dynamic ablation platform；The bottom end of runing rest is mounted on sample frame pedestal by shaft, the top of runing rest
It is fixed by support frame and the installation of sample frame pedestal；Sample is by Boards wall on runing rest；The center of sample is located at punching
It hits on the center line of load bringing device；Sample is set to form different angles from the direction of the launch of alluvium by shaft.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of online dynamic ablation measurement methods for applying shock loading.
The dynamic ablation measurement method of online application shock loading of the invention, comprising the following steps:
1) before ablation, the first video camera acquires the two dimensional image and second and third video camera of the striking face of sample
The 3-D image for acquiring the back side of sample, as initial reference image；
2) the nozzle registration coupon of flame heating device striking face carry out ablation, while first to third video camera acquire
The image of test specimen, temperature measurement system acquire the temperature of the striking face of sample in real time；
3) upon reaching a predetermined temperature, shock loading bringing device launching shock object hits the striking face of sample；
4) speed of laser velocimeter measurement alluvium, to obtain Impact energy；
5) the first video camera obtains the image of the changed ablation of the striking face of sample in ablation process, image processing system point
The image for analysing the changed ablation of striking face obtains the variable quantity of the ablation velocity before hitting and after hitting；
6) second and third video camera respectively in real time obtain ablation process in sample the back side different angle image, figure
As processing system obtains the 3 D deformation field at the back side according to the principle of binocular stereo vision；
7) stress field of test specimen is obtained according to the elasticity modulus of test specimen and Poisson's ratio；
8) Impact energy is input to image processing system, image processing system analyzes the change of Impact energy and ablation velocity
Relationship between change amount and 3 D deformation field, to obtain influence of the Impact energy to test specimen.
Wherein, in step 4), the speed of laser velocimeter measurement alluvium is that v can be asked according to the weight m of alluvium
Obtain Impact energy Q possessed by alluvium:
In step 5), the image of the changed ablation of the striking face of sample in ablation process is obtained by the first video camera,
The variable quantity of the ablation velocity before hitting and after hitting is obtained, specifically includes the following steps:
A) image of the striking face changed ablation process for the sample that the first video camera is shot, by slowing down high-speed photography
Ablation process animation is obtained, the dynamic process that the striking face oxide of sample generates, flows and develops is observed and analyze；
B) by the image of the striking face changed ablation process of sample, the ablated area of the striking face of sample is calculated at any time
Situation of change, obtain the ablation velocity function u of sample before impingement1And sample bears the ablating rate function u after hitting2,
The variation delta u of ablation velocity are as follows: Δ u=u2-u1。
In step 6), second and third video camera respectively in real time obtain ablation process in sample the back side different angle
Image, image processing system obtains the 3 D deformation field at the back side according to the principle of binocular stereo vision, specifically includes following step
It is rapid:
A) 3 D stereo calibration is carried out to the second video camera and third video camera before ablation starts；
B) according to the principle of binocular stereo vision, the second video camera and third video camera are clapped by the result demarcated in advance
The point being matched in the image taken the photograph carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, obtains the three-dimensional coordinate at the at a time back side of institute's test specimens；
C) difference of space coordinate obtained by former and later two different moments is the three-D displacement (u, v, w) of the point, passes through contraposition
Move the 3 D deformation field (ε at the back side that field asks gradient that can acquire samplex,εy,εxy)。
Advantages of the present invention:
The present invention uses shock loading bringing device, loads shock loading in the ablation process of test specimen, can be according to reality
Border operating condition selects the size and material of suitable alluvium, and selection conflicting model and angle, and then simulates sample work
Actually be hit situation, and the sample provided closer to practical service environment simulates effect；In combination with temperature measurement system with
Image processing system, it can be achieved that the temperature quantitative measurment of material oxidation ablation process, the picture catching of dynamic ablation process and
The dynamic deformation of sample measures.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the dynamic ablation measuring device of online application shock loading of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
As shown in Figure 1, the dynamic ablation measuring device of the online application shock loading of the present embodiment includes: that dynamic ablation is flat
Platform 1, shock loading bringing device, flame heating device 31 and 32, laser velocimeter 4, temperature measurement system 51 and 52, specimen holder
Hold device, first to third video camera 71~73 and image processing system 8；Wherein, sample holding device is mounted on dynamic and burns
It loses on platform 1；Sample 0 is mounted in sample holding device, and the front of sample 0 is striking face, and the face opposite with striking face is back
Face；The striking face of shock loading bringing device face sample is mounted on dynamic ablation platform；Shock loading bringing device with
Laser velocimeter is set between the striking face of sample；The striking face of the nozzle registration coupon of flame heating device；Temperature measurement system
It unites against the striking face of sample 0；The striking face of first video camera, 71 face sample, second and third video camera 72 and 73 distinguish position
In different angles against the back side of sample 0；First is respectively connected to image processing system to third video camera.
Shock loading bringing device includes pedestal 21, inflating port 22, gas-filled switching tube 23, emission switch 24, gas chamber 25, impact
Object 26, gun tube 27, bullet support 28 and bullet support recover 29；Wherein, pedestal 21 is mounted on dynamic ablation platform 1；In gas chamber 25
Gun tube 27 is arranged in one end；Gas chamber 25 and gun tube 27 are mounted on the base；28 support of bullet is set in gun tube 27, and alluvium 26 is placed on
In bullet support 28, bullet support recover 29 is set on the top of gun tube 27；Inflating port 22 is set in the other end of gas chamber 25, in inflating port
Gas-filled switching tube 23 and emission switch 24 are respectively arranged on 22.
Flame heating device includes conduit 32 and nozzle 31；Wherein, conduit 32 is connected to nozzle 31, nozzle face test specimen
Striking face.
Temperature measurement system includes infrared radiation thermometer 51 and computer 52；Wherein, infrared radiation thermometer 51 is connected to computer
52。
It includes sample frame pedestal 61, support frame 62, shaft 63, runing rest 64 and clamping plate 65 that sample, which accommodates device,；Wherein,
Sample frame pedestal 61 is fixed on dynamic ablation platform 1；The bottom end of runing rest 64 is mounted on sample frame pedestal by shaft 63
On 61, the top of runing rest is fixed by support frame and the installation of sample frame pedestal；Sample 0 is fixed on rotation branch by clamping plate 65
On frame 64；The center of sample is located on the center line of shock loading bringing device；Make the transmitting of sample and alluvium by shaft
Direction forms different angles.
The dynamic ablation measurement method of the online application shock loading of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
1) before ablation, the first video camera acquires the two dimensional image and second and third video camera of the striking face of sample
The image at the back side of sample is shot from different angles, and image processing system obtains the back side of sample according to Binocular Vision Principle
3-D image, as initial reference image.
2) the nozzle registration coupon of flame heating device striking face carry out ablation, while first to third video camera acquire
The image of test specimen, temperature measurement system acquire the temperature of the striking face of sample in real time.
3) upon reaching a predetermined temperature, shock loading bringing device launching shock object hits the striking face of sample.
4) speed of laser velocimeter measurement alluvium is v, and according to the weight m of alluvium, can acquire alluvium is had
Impact energy Q:
5) the first video camera obtains the image of the changed ablation of the striking face of sample in ablation process, image processing system point
The image for analysing the changed ablation of striking face obtains the variable quantity of the ablation velocity before hitting and after hitting:
A) image of the striking face changed ablation process for the sample that the first video camera is shot, by slowing down high-speed photography
Ablation process animation is obtained, the dynamic process that the striking face oxide of sample generates, flows and develops is observed and analyze；
B) by the image of the striking face changed ablation process of sample, the ablated area of the striking face of sample is calculated at any time
Situation of change, obtain the ablation velocity function u of sample before impingement1And sample bears the ablating rate function u after hitting2,
The variation delta u of ablation velocity are as follows: Δ u=u2-u1。、
6) second and third video camera respectively in real time obtain ablation process in sample the back side different angle image, figure
As processing system obtains the 3 D deformation field at the back side according to the principle of binocular stereo vision:
A) 3 D stereo calibration is carried out to the second video camera and third video camera before ablation starts；
B) according to the principle of binocular stereo vision, the second video camera and third video camera are clapped by the result demarcated in advance
The point being matched in the image taken the photograph carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, obtains the three-dimensional coordinate at the at a time back side of institute's test specimens；
C) difference of space coordinate obtained by former and later two different moments is the three-D displacement (u, v, w) of the point, passes through contraposition
Move the 3 D deformation field (ε at the back side that field asks gradient that can acquire samplex,εy,εxy)。
7) stress field of test specimen is obtained according to the elasticity modulus of test specimen and Poisson's ratio.
8) Impact energy is input to image processing system, image processing system analyzes the change of Impact energy and ablation velocity
Relationship between change amount and 3 D deformation field, to obtain influence of the Impact energy to test specimen.
It is finally noted that the purpose for publicizing and implementing example is to help to further understand the present invention, but this field
Technical staff be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, it is various replacement and repair
It is all possible for changing.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to embodiment disclosure of that, and the scope of protection of present invention is to weigh
Subject to the range that sharp claim defines.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of online dynamic ablation measuring device for applying shock loading, which is characterized in that the measuring device includes: dynamic
Ablation platform, shock loading bringing device, flame heating device, laser velocimeter, temperature measurement system, sample holding device,
First to third video camera and image processing system；Wherein, the sample holding device is mounted on dynamic ablation platform；It is described
Sample is mounted in sample holding device, and the front of sample is striking face, and the face opposite with striking face is the back side；The impact carries
The striking face of lotus bringing device face sample is mounted on dynamic ablation platform；In the shock of shock loading bringing device and sample
Laser velocimeter is set between face；The striking face of the nozzle registration coupon of the flame heating device；The temperature measurement system
Against the striking face of sample；First video camera against sample striking face, second and third video camera be located at difference
Angle against the back side of sample；Described first is respectively connected to image processing system to third video camera；Before ablation, first is taken the photograph
Camera acquire sample striking face two dimensional image and second and third video camera acquisition sample the back side 3-D image,
As initial reference image；The striking face of the nozzle registration coupon of flame heating device carries out ablation, while first takes the photograph to third
The image of camera acquisition test specimen；Temperature measurement system acquires the temperature of the striking face of sample, and upon reaching a predetermined temperature, impact carries
Lotus bringing device launching shock object, hits the striking face of sample；Laser velocimeter measures the speed of alluvium, to be hit
Energy；First video camera obtains the image of the changed ablation of the striking face of sample in ablation process, and image processing system analysis is hit
The image for hitting the changed ablation in face obtains the variable quantity of the ablation velocity before hitting and after hitting；Second and third video camera point
The image of the different angle at the back side of sample in ablation process is not obtained not in real time, and image processing system is according to binocular stereo vision
Principle obtains the 3 D deformation field at the back side；Impact energy is input to image processing system, and image processing system analyzes Impact energy
Relationship between the variable quantity and 3 D deformation field of ablation velocity, to obtain influence of the Impact energy to test specimen；The punching
Hitting load bringing device includes that pedestal, inflating port, gas-filled switching tube, emission switch, gas chamber, alluvium, gun tube, bullet support and bullet support are returned
Receive device；Wherein, the pedestal is mounted on dynamic ablation platform；In one end of gas chamber, gun tube is set；The gas chamber and gun tube peace
On pedestal, the striking face of gun tube face sample；Bullet support is set in gun tube, and alluvium is placed in bullet support, in gun tube
Bullet support recover is arranged in top；Inflating port is set in the other end of gas chamber, gas-filled switching tube and hair are respectively arranged on inflating port
Penetrate switch；Gas-filled switching tube is controlled, is inflated by inflating port into gas chamber；Emission switch is opened, using draught head, by high pressure gas
It is discharged from gun tube, pushes bullet delivery dynamic, so that alluvium be launched from gun tube, bullet support recover stays in bullet support in gun tube.
2. measuring device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the flame heating device includes conduit and nozzle；Its
In, the conduit is connected to nozzle, the striking face of nozzle face test specimen；Heating method is heated using gas or electric arc heated；It adopts
With a nozzle or using the array of multiple nozzles composition.
3. measuring device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature measurement system includes infrared radiation thermometer and meter
Calculation machine；Wherein, the infrared radiation thermometer is connected to computer；The temperature of the infrared radiation thermometer acquisition test specimen striking face, will count
According to being transmitted to computer.
4. measuring device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the sample holding device includes sample frame pedestal, branch
Support, shaft, runing rest and clamping plate；Wherein, the sample frame pedestal is fixed on dynamic ablation platform；The runing rest
Bottom end be mounted on sample frame pedestal by shaft, the top of runing rest is solid by support frame and the installation of sample frame pedestal
It is fixed；Sample is by Boards wall on runing rest；The center of sample is located on the center line of shock loading bringing device；Pass through
Shaft makes sample form different angles from the direction of the launch of alluvium.
5. a kind of measurement method of the online dynamic ablation measuring device for applying shock loading as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, the measurement method the following steps are included:
1) before ablation, the first video camera acquire sample striking face two dimensional image and second and third video camera acquisition
The 3-D image at the back side of sample, as initial reference image；
2) the nozzle registration coupon of flame heating device striking face carry out ablation, while first to third video camera acquire test specimen
Image, temperature measurement system acquires the temperature of the striking face of sample in real time；
3) upon reaching a predetermined temperature, shock loading bringing device launching shock object hits the striking face of sample；
4) speed of laser velocimeter measurement alluvium, to obtain Impact energy；
5) the first video camera obtains the image of the changed ablation of the striking face of sample in ablation process, and image processing system analysis is hit
The image for hitting the changed ablation in face obtains the variable quantity of the ablation velocity before hitting and after hitting；
6) second and third video camera obtain the image of the different angle at the back side of sample in ablation process in real time respectively, at image
Reason system obtains the 3 D deformation field at the back side according to the principle of binocular stereo vision；
7) stress field of test specimen is obtained according to the elasticity modulus of test specimen and Poisson's ratio；
8) Impact energy is input to image processing system, image processing system analyzes the variable quantity of Impact energy and ablation velocity
Relationship between 3 D deformation field, to obtain influence of the Impact energy to test specimen.
6. measurement method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in step 4), laser velocimeter measures alluvium
Speed is v, according to the weight m of alluvium, acquires Impact energy Q possessed by alluvium:
7. measurement method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in step 5), obtain ablation by the first video camera
The image of the changed ablation of the striking face of sample in the process obtains the variable quantity of the ablation velocity before hitting and after hitting, specifically
The following steps are included:
A) image of the striking face changed ablation process for the sample that the first video camera is shot, is obtained by slowing down high-speed photography
The dynamic process that the striking face oxide of sample generates, flows and develops is observed and analyzed to ablation process animation；
B) by the image of the striking face changed ablation process of sample, the change of the ablated area of the striking face of sample at any time is calculated
Change situation, obtains the ablation velocity function u of sample before impingement1And sample bears the ablating rate function u after hitting2, ablation
The variation delta u of rate are as follows: Δ u=u2-u1。
8. measurement method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in step 6), second and third video camera it is real respectively
When obtain the image of the different angle at the back side of sample in ablation process, image processing system is according to the principle of binocular stereo vision
The 3 D deformation field at the back side is obtained, specifically includes the following steps:
A) 3 D stereo calibration is carried out to the second video camera and third video camera before ablation starts；
B) according to the principle of binocular stereo vision, the second video camera and third video camera are shot by the result demarcated in advance
To image in the point that is matched to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, obtain the three-dimensional coordinate at the at a time back side of institute's test specimens；
C) difference of space coordinate obtained by former and later two different moments is the three-D displacement (u, v, w) of the point, by displacement field
Gradient is sought, the 3 D deformation field (ε at the back side of sample is acquiredx,εy,εxy)。
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