CN106949436A - Build the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface - Google Patents

Build the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106949436A
CN106949436A CN201710096761.5A CN201710096761A CN106949436A CN 106949436 A CN106949436 A CN 106949436A CN 201710096761 A CN201710096761 A CN 201710096761A CN 106949436 A CN106949436 A CN 106949436A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
lighting device
globe
diffusion
reflective
lighting
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Granted
Application number
CN201710096761.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106949436B (en
Inventor
黄定娟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing southeast building electrical and mechanical shock Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Original Assignee
Guangxi Rui Rui Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangxi Rui Rui Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Guangxi Rui Rui Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201710096761.5A priority Critical patent/CN106949436B/en
Publication of CN106949436A publication Critical patent/CN106949436A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106949436B publication Critical patent/CN106949436B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S11/00Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight
    • F21S11/002Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight characterised by the means for collecting or concentrating the sunlight, e.g. parabolic reflectors or Fresnel lenses
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the natural light directing arrangement of the non-lighting surface of one kind building, including:Lighting device is the bending sample tube structure of a both ends open;Multiple convex lens are uniformly arranged at the upper end open of lighting device, and the primary optical axis of multiple convex lens intersects at a point A in the lighting device;Globe of diffusion is the glass spheres of an opening with ellipse, and globe of diffusion is removably arranged in lighting device by support member;Projection reflection shield is located on globe of diffusion;Strip opening is arranged on projection reflection shield;One end of light guiding tube is connected with the lower ending opening of lighting device;Reflecting assembly is set on the periphery of window with wall body vertical, and the reflective surface of reflecting assembly is in step-like structure;In the other end extension of light guiding tube and insertion to the reflective monomer of wherein at least one.The present invention can highlight the brightness around building body back window to indoor offer available light, but not block window landscape, and be not take up the interior space again.

Description

Build the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface
Technical field
The present invention relates to the natural light directing arrangement of the non-lighting surface of one kind building.
Background technology
At present, in closely spaced skyscraper room, in high-rise courtyard or common building room lighting generally using artificial Light source, wherein mainly fluorescent lamp and electricity-saving lamp, although artificial light sources can save the energy to a certain extent, it is still The energy can be consumed, and if discarded fluorescent lamp processing is not proper, environment can also be polluted, to reduce artificial light sources Usage amount, makes Indoor environment illuminator more energy-conservation, is a very good selection using sun light action additional illumination, Then turn into development trend using sun light lighting.
Sunshine is directly entered interior through window reflections using reflective mirror and is illuminated by existing partial devices, although reached The purpose of certain raising room brilliancy, but the reflective mirror being devices which is sufficiently large, therefore reflective mirror can not only stop People look around the sight of landscape outside window, influence the aesthetics of window, can also stimulate human eye because of the strong reflection action of reflective mirror, Using experience degree is not high, it is difficult to carry out marketing.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above, and provide the advantage that at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide the natural light directing arrangement of the non-lighting surface of one kind building, it can be carried to interior For available light, the brightness around building body back window is highlighted, but does not block window landscape, and is not take up the interior space again.
In order to realize that building non-lighting surface natural light there is provided one kind according to object of the present invention and further advantage draws Device is led, including:
Lighting device, it is the bending sample tube structure of a both ends open, and the bending angle of bending sample tube structure is 90- 120 degree, the upper end open of the lighting device is ellipse, and ellipse opening in the π radians of 1.5 π~1.8 arcuate structure; Multiple convex lens, it is uniformly arranged at the upper end open of the lighting device, and multiple convex lens primary optical axis in the daylighting Intersect at a point A in device, and point A is the convergent point of the real focus of multiple convex lens;Globe of diffusion, it is opening with ellipse The glass spheres of mouth, the globe of diffusion is removably arranged in lighting device by support member, and the opening court of the globe of diffusion To the upper end open direction of the lighting device so that point A is located in the globe of diffusion, is uniformly arranged on the madial wall of the globe of diffusion Row set multiple semicircle glass marbles;Reflection shield is projected, it is open towards the lower end of the lighting device and is located at the diffusion On ball, the globe of diffusion is located at the bottom of the projection reflection shield;Strip opening, it is arranged on the projection reflection shield, And be arranged on the central axis of the multiple convex lens penetrate projection reflection shield path on;
Light guiding tube, it is the bending sample pipe structure of a both ends open, one end and the daylighting of the smooth guiding tube The lower ending opening of device is connected, and multiple bending parts in the smooth guiding tube set a reflective mirror respectively, and projection is anti- One end of light beam from the smooth guiding tube of light shield reflection is guided to the other end;Even application on the madial wall of the smooth guiding tube There is reflecting coating;And
Reflecting assembly, it is mutually linked the rectangular configuration of composition, and reflecting assembly and wall for four pieces of reflective monomers head and the tail Vertically it is set on the periphery of window, the reflective surface of the reflecting assembly is oppositely arranged, and the reflective surface of reflecting assembly is in step Shape structure, step surface and the wall of step-like structure are in 2-10 ° of angle;Wherein, any one reflective monomer is one lighttight Plate body structure, the width of any one reflective monomer is no more than 20cm;The other end extension and insertion of the smooth guiding tube are to wherein On at least one reflective monomer, and the angle of the connected reflective monomer of the smooth guiding tube is on-right angle;Gusseted, its On the wall for being arranged on the reflecting assembly periphery, and the lateral wall of the reflecting assembly is fixed in the gusseted.
Preferably, the drop that the thickness of any reflective monomer is no more than between 4cm, adjacent step is 1-4mm, any one The width of step surface is 1-3cm.
Preferably, the drop that the thickness of any reflective monomer is no more than between 4cm, adjacent step is 3mm, any one The width of terrace is 3cm.
Preferably, a diameter of 8-15cm of the bending sample tube structure of the lighting device, the ellipse of the lighting device A diameter of 40-70cm of opening.
Preferably, the lighting device bending sample tube structure a diameter of 10-13cm, the elliptical openings it is straight Footpath is 60-70cm.
Preferably, support frame as described above also includes:At least one body of rod, its one end is fixed on the madial wall of projection reflection shield On, the other end of at least one body of rod is extended to A points;And
Bracing ring, it is horizontally fixed on the other end of the body of rod, and the diameter r and the globe of diffusion of the bracing ring Diameter R ratio be 2:4-5, the bracing ring is clear glass material.
Preferably, the diameter R of the diameter r of the bracing ring and globe of diffusion ratio is 2:4.
Preferably, also include:Rain shade, it is transparent glass material, and the rain shade is located at the lighting device Top.
Preferably, the multiple convex lens are Fresnel lens.
Preferably, also include:Glass cement, it is arranged on the bracing ring and the globe of diffusion contacts with each other place.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect:
The multiple convex lens of the upper end open of lighting device are by from east, south, west, oblique upper or obliquely downward Solar energy is collected and is concentrated at globe of diffusion, it is not necessary to set excessive complicated sunshine tracker, simple in construction, energy It is enough effectively to collect solar energy, low cost;Globe of diffusion is circular spheroid, and the light that it can enter incidence is through reflecting and reflecting Afterwards towards surrounding expanding, as lamp bead, four scattered light are projected in light guiding tube through projecting reflection shield concentration again, are finally sent To reflecting assembly, because light guiding tube and reflective monomer have certain angle so that the light entered in reflecting assembly can With different angles it is incident after, a part highlights the light intensity around window after multiple reflections, while by remainder light Incidence enters interior from different perspectives, will not excessively concentrate, and the too strong interference of light will not be also caused to indoor occupant;In addition, by It is vertical with window in itself in reflecting assembly, and size is suitable, will not block landscape outside window.
In summary, the natural light directing arrangement of the non-lighting surface of building provided in this programme can be to indoor offer natural light Line, highlights the brightness around building body back window, but does not block window landscape, and is not take up the interior space again.
Further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention embodies part by following explanation, and part will also be by this The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the vertical profile structural representation of lighting device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be Fig. 1 of the present invention in part B the lighting device cross-sectional view;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of reflecting assembly of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the assembling schematic diagram of the present invention for building the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification text Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be appreciated that such as " having ", "comprising" and " comprising " term used herein do not allot one or many The presence or addition of individual other elements or its combination.
As shown in figures 1-4, the present invention provides a kind of natural light directing arrangement of the non-lighting surface of building, including:
Lighting device 100, it is the bending sample tube structure of a both ends open, and the bending angle of bending sample tube structure is 90-120 degree, the upper end open 101 of the lighting device is ellipse, and ellipse opening in the π radians of 1.5 π~1.8 arc Structure;Multiple convex lens 102, it is uniformly arranged at the upper end open of the lighting device, and the primary optical axis of multiple convex lens exists Intersect at a point A in the lighting device, and point A is the convergent point of the real focus of multiple convex lens;Globe of diffusion 100, it is a band There are the glass spheres of the opening of ellipse, the globe of diffusion is removably arranged in lighting device by support member, and it is described unrestrained The opening of ball is penetrated towards the upper end open direction of the lighting device so that point A be located at the globe of diffusion in, the globe of diffusion it is interior It is evenly distributed on the wall of side that multiple semicircle glass marbles are set;Reflection shield 104 is projected, it is open towards the lower end of the lighting device simultaneously It is located on the globe of diffusion, the globe of diffusion is located at the bottom of the projection reflection shield;Strip opening 105, it is arranged on On the projection reflection shield, and be arranged on the central axis of the multiple convex lens penetrate projection reflection shield path on;Light draws Conduit 200, it is the bending sample pipe structure of a both ends open, and one end and the lower end of the lighting device of the smooth guiding tube are opened Mouth 106 is connected, and multiple bending parts in the smooth guiding tube set a reflective mirror respectively, will projection reflection shield reflection One end of light beam from the smooth guiding tube guide to the other end;Even application has reflective painting on the madial wall of the smooth guiding tube Layer;And reflecting assembly 300, it is mutually linked the rectangular configuration of composition, and reflecting assembly and wall for four pieces of reflective monomers head and the tail Body is vertically set on the periphery of window 400, and the reflective surface of the reflecting assembly is oppositely arranged, and the reflective surface of reflecting assembly is in Step-like structure, step surface and the wall of step-like structure are in 2-10 ° of angle;Wherein, any one reflective monomer is one impermeable The plate body structure of light, the width of any one reflective monomer is no more than 20cm;The other end extension and insertion of the smooth guiding tube are extremely On the reflective monomer of wherein at least one, and the angle of the connected reflective monomer of the smooth guiding tube is on-right angle;Triangle branch Support, it is arranged on the wall of the reflecting assembly periphery, and the lateral wall of the reflecting assembly is fixed on the gusseted On.
In this programme, the multiple convex lens of the upper end open of lighting device will from east, south, west, oblique upper or The solar energy of person obliquely downward is collected and is concentrated at globe of diffusion, it is not necessary to set excessive complicated sunshine to follow the trail of Device, it is simple in construction, it can effectively collect solar energy, low cost;Globe of diffusion is circular spheroid, its light that can enter incidence Line is towards surrounding expanding after refraction and reflection, and as lamp bead, four scattered light are projected to light through projecting reflection shield concentration again In guiding tube, finally deliver on reflecting assembly, because light guiding tube and reflective monomer have certain angle so that enter reflective Light in component can different angles it is incident after, a part highlights the light intensity around window after multiple reflections, simultaneously By remainder light, incidence enters interior from different perspectives, will not excessively concentrate, and also to indoor occupant light will not be caused too strong Interference;Further, since reflecting assembly is vertical with window in itself, and size is suitable, will not block landscape outside window.
As shown in figure 3, in a preferred scheme, the thickness of any reflective monomer is no more than falling between 4cm, adjacent step Difference is 1-4mm, and the width of any one step surface is 1-3cm.In this programme, the reflective surface of reflective monomer is in step-like distribution, and Drop between adjacent step is smaller, such as:1mm, 2mm, 3mm or 4mm so that what is be distributed on whole reflective monomer is step-like Structure will not be too high, such as:1cm, 2cm or 3cm, it is ensured that the refraction distribution of main two-way light, and can also protect The thickness for demonstrate,proving reflective monomer also will not be blocked up, overweight, is easily installed.
As shown in figure 3, in a preferred scheme, the thickness of any reflective monomer is no more than falling between 4cm, adjacent step Difference is 3mm, and the width of any one step surface is 3cm.
As shown in figure 1, in a preferred scheme, a diameter of 8-15cm of the bending sample tube structure of the lighting device, institute State a diameter of 40-70cm of the elliptical openings of lighting device.In this programme, the diameter of lighting device was difficult slightly, otherwise to increase Assembly difficulty of the high residential building to multiple windows.The reflective surface of reflective monomer is in step-like distribution, and falling between adjacent step Difference is smaller, such as:1mm, 2mm, 3mm or 4mm so that the step-like structure being distributed on whole reflective monomer will not be too high, than Such as:1cm, 2cm or 3cm, it is ensured that the refraction distribution of main two-way light, and also ensure that the thickness of reflective monomer Also will not be blocked up, it is overweight, it is easily installed.
As shown in figure 1, in a preferred scheme, a diameter of 10-13cm of the bending sample tube structure of the lighting device, institute State a diameter of 60-70cm of elliptical openings.The sunray that the opening of ellipse can inject multiple directions carries out effective Collect, without the device for installing excessive complicated auxiliary catch or tracking sunshine, simple in construction, low cost, and setting In size, the diameter of the elliptical openings and bending sample tube structure of lighting device has certain drop, is ensureing effectively to collect light Can while, again will not excessive space-consuming, can also accomplish the sunshine of convergence effectively guiding transmission.Therefore, lighting device The diameter of bending sample tube structure could be arranged to 10cm, 11cm, 12cm or 13cm.And the diameter of elliptical openings its essence is Curved with the radian of elliptical openings, therefore, its length can be longer than the diameter of linear, be set to 60cm, 63cm, 65cm Or 70cm etc..
In one preferred scheme, support frame as described above also includes:At least one body of rod, its one end is fixed on projection reflection shield On madial wall, the other end of at least one body of rod is extended to A points;And
Bracing ring, it is horizontally fixed on the other end of the body of rod, and the diameter r and the globe of diffusion of the bracing ring Diameter R ratio be 2:4-5, the bracing ring is clear glass material.At least one body of rod and bracing ring consolidate globe of diffusion Projection reflection shield inner bottom part is scheduled on, and bracing ring is mainly used in lifting the bottom of globe of diffusion, and therefore, its diameter is less than unrestrained The diameter of ball is penetrated, and its diameter can not be equal to the diameter of globe of diffusion, otherwise can be caught in the opening of globe of diffusion, it has not been convenient to dismantle And installation;Refraction or scattering that the body of rod and bracing ring of other glass material will not shut out the light.
In one preferred scheme, the diameter r of the bracing ring and the diameter R of the globe of diffusion ratio are 2:4.
In one preferred scheme, also include:Rain shade 500, it is transparent glass material, and the rain shade is located at institute State the top of lighting device.Rain shade is set, avoids rainwater to be scattered in the multiple convex lens of lighting device as far as possible, washmarking is formed, enters And influence the spotlight effect of convex lens.
In one preferred scheme, the multiple convex lens are Fresnel lens.
In one preferred scheme, also include:Glass cement, it is arranged on the bracing ring and the globe of diffusion contacts with each other Place.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited In specific details and shown here as the legend with description.

Claims (10)

1. the natural light directing arrangement of the non-lighting surface of one kind building, it is characterised in that including:
Lighting device, it is the bending sample tube structure of a both ends open, and the bending angle of bending sample tube structure is 90-120 degree, The upper end open of the lighting device is ellipse, and ellipse opening in the π radians of 1.5 π~1.8 arcuate structure;It is multiple convex Lens, it is uniformly arranged at the upper end open of the lighting device, and multiple convex lens primary optical axis in the lighting device phase A point A is met at, and point A is the convergent point of the real focus of multiple convex lens;Globe of diffusion, it is the glass of an opening with ellipse Glass spheroid, the globe of diffusion is removably arranged in lighting device by support member, and the opening direction of the globe of diffusion is described The upper end open direction of lighting device so that point A is located in the globe of diffusion, it is evenly distributed on the madial wall of the globe of diffusion to set Multiple semicircle glass marbles;Reflection shield is projected, it is open towards the lower end of the lighting device and is located on the globe of diffusion, institute State the bottom that globe of diffusion is located at the projection reflection shield;Strip opening, it is arranged on the projection reflection shield, and is arranged on The central axis of the multiple convex lens is penetrated on the path of projection reflection shield;
Light guiding tube, it is the bending sample pipe structure of a both ends open, one end and the lighting device of the smooth guiding tube Lower ending opening is connected, and multiple bending parts in the smooth guiding tube set a reflective mirror respectively, will project reflection shield One end of the light beam of reflection from the smooth guiding tube is guided to the other end;There is anti-even application on the madial wall of the smooth guiding tube Light coating;And
Reflecting assembly, it is mutually linked the rectangular configuration of composition, and reflecting assembly and wall body vertical for four pieces of reflective monomers head and the tail It is set on the periphery of window, the reflective surface of the reflecting assembly is oppositely arranged, and the reflective surface of reflecting assembly is in step-like knot Structure, step surface and the wall of step-like structure are in 2-10 ° of angle;Wherein, any one reflective monomer is a lighttight plate body Structure, the width of any one reflective monomer is no more than 20cm;The other end of the smooth guiding tube extends simultaneously insertion to wherein at least On one reflective monomer, and the angle of the connected reflective monomer of the smooth guiding tube is on-right angle;Gusseted, it is set On the wall of the reflecting assembly periphery, and the lateral wall of the reflecting assembly is fixed in the gusseted.
2. the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface is built as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of any reflective monomer The drop that degree is no more than between 4cm, adjacent step is 1-4mm, and the width of any one step surface is 1-3cm.
3. the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface is built as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the thickness of any reflective monomer The drop that degree is no more than between 4cm, adjacent step is 3mm, and the width of any one step surface is 3cm.
4. the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface is built as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the bending of the lighting device A diameter of 8-15cm of sample tube structure, a diameter of 40-70cm of the elliptical openings of the lighting device.
5. the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface is built as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the bending of the lighting device A diameter of 10-13cm of sample tube structure, a diameter of 60-70cm of the elliptical openings.
6. the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface is built as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that support frame as described above is also wrapped Include:At least one body of rod, its one end is fixed on the madial wall of projection reflection shield, and the other end of at least one body of rod is to A Point is extended;And
Bracing ring, it is horizontally fixed on the other end of the body of rod, and diameter r and the globe of diffusion of the bracing ring is straight Footpath R ratio is 2:4-5, wherein at least one described body of rod and the bracing ring are clear glass material.
7. the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface is built as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the diameter of the bracing ring The diameter R of r and globe of diffusion ratio is 2:4.
8. the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface is built as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also included:Rain shade, its For transparent glass material, the rain shade is located at the top of the lighting device.
9. build the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the multiple convex lens are Fresnel lens.
10. the natural light directing arrangement of non-lighting surface is built as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also included:Glass cement, It is arranged on the bracing ring and the globe of diffusion contacts with each other place.
CN201710096761.5A 2017-02-22 2017-02-22 Build non-lighting surface nature light directing arrangement Expired - Fee Related CN106949436B (en)

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CN106949436B CN106949436B (en) 2019-08-23

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108278569A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-07-13 北京华毅东方展览有限公司 The method and light lead device of wall are extremely opened up in a kind of outdoor light lead

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201351862Y (en) * 2009-02-25 2009-11-25 李伟凡 Light-transmission type optical fiber illuminating device
KR101047445B1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2011-07-07 최재수 Illumination assembly for solar ray
CN204084177U (en) * 2014-09-16 2015-01-07 覃建雄 A kind of new and effective lighting system
CN104654193A (en) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-27 西安大昱光电科技有限公司 Novel solar light collecting system
JP2017016875A (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-19 株式会社 マテリアルハウス Daylighting device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201351862Y (en) * 2009-02-25 2009-11-25 李伟凡 Light-transmission type optical fiber illuminating device
KR101047445B1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2011-07-07 최재수 Illumination assembly for solar ray
CN104654193A (en) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-27 西安大昱光电科技有限公司 Novel solar light collecting system
CN204084177U (en) * 2014-09-16 2015-01-07 覃建雄 A kind of new and effective lighting system
JP2017016875A (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-19 株式会社 マテリアルハウス Daylighting device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108278569A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-07-13 北京华毅东方展览有限公司 The method and light lead device of wall are extremely opened up in a kind of outdoor light lead

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Termination date: 20200222