CN106948803B - Well killing processing method for kick in tripping process - Google Patents
Well killing processing method for kick in tripping process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106948803B CN106948803B CN201610007142.XA CN201610007142A CN106948803B CN 106948803 B CN106948803 B CN 106948803B CN 201610007142 A CN201610007142 A CN 201610007142A CN 106948803 B CN106948803 B CN 106948803B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The invention discloses a well killing processing method of kick in the tripping process, which comprises the following steps: closing the well and connecting a mass flowmeter into a choke manifold; the formation pressure is obtained through hydraulic parameters and other parameters of the drilling process; performing first drilling operation under pressure by controlling the opening of the throttle valve and combining the reading of the mass flowmeter; judging whether the drill bit meets gas-cutting drilling fluid or not; determining the well killing drilling depth and the density of the well killing fluid; the engineering and law well killing, the gas cutting drilling fluid in the well is circulated out in one cycle; and (4) circularly calculating the well killing depth and density determination and the engineering teachers well killing until the gas cutting drilling fluid is completely circulated out of the well. The method can carry out well killing design on the well kick in the drilling process, and judge the time of the drill bit reaching the top of the gas cutting drilling fluid through theoretical calculation and technological operation, so that the start time of well killing is determined, and the guarantee is provided for safely and effectively circulating the gas cutting drilling fluid out of the well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of well control of petroleum drilling, and particularly relates to a well killing processing method for kick in a well drilling and tripping process.
Background
In the traditional drilling and operation process, the gas invasion, well kick and blowout accidents in the process of tripping a drill rod and tripping an oil pipe account for a large proportion. One of the main reasons for this is that at the time of tripping, the mud pump stops pumping and the equivalent circulating density converted from the circulating pressure loss disappears; on the other hand, when the drilling tool moves upwards in the shaft to drive the drilling fluid in the shaft to flow, the generated pumping effect can cause the bottom hole pressure to be reduced; in addition, the tripping speed is too high and the drilling fluid cannot be supplemented into the well in time in the tripping process, so that the hydrostatic column pressure in the shaft is directly reduced, and the bottom hole pressure is reduced. The first two situations necessarily occur along with the tripping process, and once the third situation occurs due to improper manual operation, an underbalanced state between the bottom hole pressure and the formation pressure is caused to be aggravated, at the moment, formation fluid invades a well bore to cause gas invasion, and further development causes well kick and even blowout.
Well kick occurs in the process of tripping, and because the drilling tool is far away from the well bottom, the drilling tool and the annular space are not a simple U-shaped pipe model any more, so that the well can not be directly killed by the conventional drilling method or engineering method. Kick-out is different from kick-out caused by encountering high pressure zones during drilling, where the density of the drilling fluid balances the formation pressure, and therefore the value of the formation pressure is readily available, unlike conventional methods of shut-in for formation pressure. At present, when the well kick or blowout of a drill bit which is not under the bottom working condition is treated, a U-shaped pipe model of a shaft is usually considered as a Y-shaped pipe model. However, the working condition that the drill bit does not generate the well kick at the bottom of the well has various complex conditions, such as the drilling tool falls off or punctures and leaks after the drilling tool meets a high-pressure layer, the stratum with too high drilling speed and easy leakage leaks before spraying, and the well kick is caused by the irregular tripping of the normal drilling. It is not possible to treat different complex kicks with a uniform kill method. For the kick in the well drilling and tripping process, no proper well killing method exists at present, which is also a difficulty in well control of the well drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that well kick is caused when a well is drilled and a drill bit is not positioned at the bottom of a well and a conventional well killing method cannot be used, the invention provides a well killing treatment method for well kick initiation in the drilling process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the well killing treatment method of the kick in the tripping process is that the well bottom underbalance is caused by the reasons of pump stopping and pumping in the tripping process, and after the stratum gas invades into a shaft and the kick, the following steps are adopted:
a. closing the well and connecting a mass flowmeter into a choke manifold;
b. calculating the formation pressure according to the hydraulic parameters and well parameters of the drilling process;
c. performing first drilling operation under pressure by controlling the opening of the throttle valve and combining the reading of the mass flowmeter;
d. judging whether the drill bit meets gas-cutting drilling fluid or not;
e. determining the well killing drilling depth and the density of the well killing fluid;
f. the engineering method comprises the steps of killing a well by an engineering method, and circularly discharging gas cutting drilling fluid in the well;
g. and e, circulating the step e and the step f until the gas-cutting drilling fluid is completely circulated out of the well.
The specific scheme of the scheme is as follows:
a. closing the well and connecting a mass flowmeter into a choke manifold;
b. and (3) solving the formation pressure through hydraulic parameters and well parameters of the drilling process: the hydraulic parameters comprise drilling fluid density, drilling fluid plastic viscosity and drilling fluid discharge capacity, and the well parameters comprise vertical well depth, drilling tool diameter and borehole inner diameter;
c. the method comprises the steps that the drilling is carried out under the pressure on the premise that a blowout preventer stack is closed, the reading of a mass flowmeter is recorded by adjusting the size of a throttle valve, and the drilling fluid with the volume of a single column is returned from a wellhead after a single drilling is finished, so that the volumes of the drilling tool and the drilling fluid discharged are equal; closing the well after N single-well completion and reading numerical value P of pressure gauge at well heada1；
d. Judging whether the drill bit meets gas-cutting drilling fluid or not by recording the comparison between the reading of the pressure gauge of the stand pipe and the reading of the pressure gauge of the wellhead; if not, continuing the step c, otherwise, carrying out the calculation of the step e;
e. after the drill bit encounters gas cutting drilling fluid, calculating the well killing drilling depth and the well killing fluid density according to the gas quantity circulated in each well killing;
f. utilizing an engineering and law killing well, and circularly discharging the gas cutting drilling fluid in the annular space at the upper part of the drill bit in one cycle;
g. and e and f are circulated until the gas cutting drilling fluid is completely circulated out of the well.
The above scheme further comprises:
the following formula for solving the formation pressure in the step b is:
in the formula: peIs the formation pressure, Pa; rhomIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m3(ii) a f is the annular hydraulic friction coefficient without dimension; h is well depth m; v is the average flow velocity of the drilling fluid in the annulus, m/s; mu.spvIs the plastic viscosity of the drilling fluid, Pa.s; dhTo the diameter of the borehole，m；DpIs the outer diameter of the drill string, m; qmIs the displacement of the drilling pump, m3S; g is a constant of gravity acceleration, m/s2。
And e, adopting the following formula for gas volume in the gas-invasion drilling fluid in the step e:
in the formula: vkFor invasion of gas volume in the well, m3；ρmIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/cm3；DhIs the borehole diameter, m.
And e, calculating the drilling depth and the density of the well killing fluid of each killing in the step e by adopting the following formulas:
M＝int(Vk/2)+1
in the formula:
the density of the drilling fluid adopted in the ith killing is g/cm3；HgM is the depth of the drill bit from the bottom of the well when the drill bit meets the kick during tripping out, N is the number of single drilling units when the drill bit just meets the gas cutting drilling fluid during drilling down, LpIs the length of each drill rod, m.
Aiming at the well kick generated in the process of tripping, the invention has the advantages that: the time that the drill bit meets gas-cutting drilling fluid can be gradually determined through multiple times of drilling operation under pressure, so that the start time of killing can be determined, the blindness of killing is avoided, and the probability of successful killing is improved. The method has the advantages of simple calculation process, uncomplicated operation process and easy implementation of operation steps, can safely and efficiently circulate the stratum invaded fluid out of the shaft, and provides theoretical and technical support for field well killing operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a kill method for tripping a kick in accordance with the present invention.
1. A drilling pump; 2. a riser pressure gauge; 3. a blowout preventer stack; 4. a drill string; 5. back pressure valve; 6. a drilling tool and a borehole annulus; 7. a drill bit; 8. gas cutting drilling fluid; 9. four-way connection; 10. a wellhead pressure gauge; 11. a mass flow meter; 12. a choke manifold; 13. a throttle valve; 14. a gas-liquid separator; 15. vibrating screen; 16. a vacuum degasser; 17. a mud pit; 18. and (4) a gas layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the drilling equipment comprises a drilling fluid which is sprayed out from a surface drilling pump 1 to a drill bit 7 through a riser pressure gauge 2, a blowout preventer group 3, a drill string 4 and a back pressure valve 5 in sequence, and then returned to a mud pit 17 through a drilling tool and borehole annulus 6, a four-way joint 9, a wellhead pressure gauge 10, a mass flowmeter 11, a throttle manifold 12, a throttle valve 13, a gas-liquid separator 14, a vibrating screen 15 and a vacuum degasser 16.
After drilling to the gas layer 18, the bottom hole underbalance caused by pump stopping and pumping in the process of pulling out the drill hole, and the well kick is found, wherein the well killing treatment method comprises the following steps:
1. closing the well and connecting a mass flowmeter into a choke manifold
When well kick occurs in the process of tripping, firstly closing the well: the bop stack 3 is closed and the throttle 13 is closed. A mass flowmeter 11 is connected into a throttle manifold, and the reading P of a wellhead pressure gauge 10 is reada0。
2. Determination of formation pressure from drilling process hydraulic and well parameters
And (4) obtaining the formation pressure through the drilling fluid density, the drilling fluid plastic viscosity, the drilling fluid discharge hydraulic parameter, the drilling vertical depth, the drill pipe outer diameter and the borehole inner diameter.
In the formula: peIs the formation pressure, Pa; rhomIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m3(ii) a f is the annular hydraulic friction coefficient without dimension; h is well depth m; v is the average flow velocity of the drilling fluid in the annulus, m/s; mu.spvIs the plastic viscosity of the drilling fluid, Pa.s; dhIs the borehole diameter, m; dpIs the outer diameter of the drill string, m; qmIs the displacement of the drilling pump, m3S; g is a constant of gravity acceleration, m/s2。
3. N single pieces for drilling under pressure
The drilling is carried out under the pressure on the premise that the blowout preventer stack 3 is closed, the reading of the mass flow meter 11 is recorded by adjusting the size of the throttle valve 13, and the drilling fluid with the volume of a single column is ensured to be fed and returned from a wellhead. Closing the well after N single-well completion and reading numerical value P of pressure gauge at well heada1。
4. Judging whether the drill bit meets the top of the gas-cutting drilling fluid
The drilling pump 1 is opened with a small displacement, and the throttle valve is adjusted to Pa1Recording the reading P of the riser pressure gauge 2 after stabilizations1After which the drilling pump 1 is stopped and the throttle valve 13 is closed.
Comparison Pa1And Ps1The size of (2):
if P isa1＝Ps1If the drill bit does not encounter the gas-cutting drilling fluid 8, the step 2 is carried out again;
if P isa1>Ps1Then the drill bit has encountered gas-invaded drilling fluid 8 and the process continues to step 4, where the total volume of gas invaded into the well is:
in the formula: vkFor invasion of gas volume in the well, m3；ρmIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/cm3；DhIs the borehole diameter, m.
Circulating gas-invaded drilling fluid 8 in the well is carried out according to the standard of 'finding on 1 side and closing the well on 2 sides', and 2 sides of invaded gas are circulated each time. The number of times of killing is M:
M＝int(Vk/2)+1 (5)
5. determination of kill downhole drilling depth and kill fluid density
The depth Δ h required for continuing to drill down to kill the well is:
the density of the well killing fluid is as follows:
the gas cut drilling fluid 8 has a gas fraction of:
in the formula:
the density of the drilling fluid adopted in the ith killing is kg/m3；HgM is the depth of the drill bit from the bottom of the well when the drill bit meets the kick during tripping out, N is the number of single drilling units when the drill bit just meets the gas cutting drilling fluid during drilling down, LpIs the length of each drill rod, m.
6. Engineering-law killing circulating gas-cutting drilling fluid
Killing the well by conventional engineering, and killing 2m in the well3The gas cutting drilling fluid 8 is circulated out of the annulus and then the well is shut in. At which point the well has ceased invasion of formation fluids.
7. And 5, circulating the step 5 and the step 6 until the gas cutting drilling fluid is completely circulated out of the well
And (5) continuing to circulate the step 6 and the step 6, and descending for delta h each time until the drill bit is lowered to the bottom of the well, so as to finish the last well killing operation.
The density of the killing fluid of the last killing is the density rho of the drilling fluid before killingm。
The method can carry out well killing design on the well kick in the drilling process, and judge the time of the drill bit reaching the top of the gas cutting drilling fluid through process operation and theoretical calculation, thereby determining the start time of well killing, providing guarantee for safely and effectively circulating the gas cutting drilling fluid out of the well and providing theoretical guidance for implementing well killing operation.
Claims (2)
1. The well killing processing method of the kick in the tripping process is characterized by comprising the following steps in the tripping process:
a. closing the well and connecting a mass flowmeter into a choke manifold;
b. and (3) solving the formation pressure through hydraulic parameters and well parameters of the drilling process: the hydraulic parameters comprise drilling fluid density, drilling fluid plastic viscosity and drilling fluid discharge capacity, and the well parameters comprise vertical well depth, drilling tool diameter and borehole inner diameter; the formula for solving the formation pressure is as follows:
in the formula: peIs the formation pressure, Pa; rhomIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m3(ii) a f is the annular hydraulic friction coefficient without dimension; h is well depth m; v is the average flow velocity of the drilling fluid in the annulus, m/s; mu.spvIs the plastic viscosity of the drilling fluid, Pa.s; dhIs the borehole diameter, m; dpIs the outer diameter of the drill string, m; qmIs the displacement of the drilling pump, m3S; g is a constant of gravity acceleration, m/s2；
c. The method comprises the steps that the drilling is carried out under the pressure on the premise that a blowout preventer stack is closed, the reading of a mass flowmeter is recorded by adjusting the size of a throttle valve, and the drilling fluid with the volume of a single column is returned from a wellhead after a single drilling is finished, so that the volumes of the drilling tool and the drilling fluid discharged are equal; closing the well after N single-well completion and reading numerical value P of pressure gauge at well heada1；
d. Judging whether the drill bit meets gas-cutting drilling fluid or not by recording the comparison between the reading of the pressure gauge of the stand pipe and the reading of the pressure gauge of the wellhead; if not, continuing the step c, otherwise, carrying out the calculation of the step e;
e. after the drill bit encounters gas cutting drilling fluid, calculating the well killing drilling depth and the well killing fluid density according to the gas quantity circulated in each well killing; the calculation of the drilling depth and the density of the well killing fluid of each killing adopts the following formula:
M＝int(Vk/2)+1
in the formula:
the density of the drilling fluid adopted in the ith killing is g/cm3；HgM is the depth of the drill bit from the bottom of the well when the drill bit meets the kick during tripping out, N is the number of single drilling units when the drill bit just meets the gas cutting drilling fluid during drilling down, LpLength of each drill rodDegree, m;
f. utilizing an engineering and law killing well, and circularly discharging the gas cutting drilling fluid in the annular space at the upper part of the drill bit in one cycle;
g. and e and f are circulated until the gas cutting drilling fluid is completely circulated out of the well.
2. The kill treatment method of claim 1, wherein the gas volume in the gas invaded drilling fluid in step e is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula: vkFor invasion of gas volume in the well, m3；ρmIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m3；DhIs the borehole diameter, m.
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| CN109403957B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2022-01-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | High-pressure formation pressure acquisition method |
| CN107701146A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-16 | 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 | Controlled pressure drilling plays drill method |
| CN110485992B (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2021-11-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for calculating oil gas channeling speed for well drilling and completion |
| CN109098683A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-28 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of well killing method for eliminating gravity displacement for horizontal well |
| CN109145521A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Judge the device and method of Drill Pipe Washout position in drilling process |
| CN109630047A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Five steps for no safe pressure window fractured reservoir kill-job push back method and equipment |
| CN110388189B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2024-03-19 | 西南石油大学 | Intelligent throttling well-killing method and device for overflow of high-temperature high-pressure deep well drilling |
| CN110424954B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2020-05-05 | 西南石油大学 | Annular transient water hammer model based on wellbore annular transient multiphase flow flowing characteristics |
| CN111255443B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2023-07-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Underground gas invasion intelligent control system |
| CN113006769B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-07-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Intelligent well killing method and device for complex pressure system stratum |
| CN115324523B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2024-03-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well shut-in control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113605878B (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-05-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Stratum information inversion system and method in pressure control drilling process |
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| CA2512437C (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2013-09-03 | Javed Shah | Method of controlling a well |
| CN101139911B (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2012-07-04 | 西南石油大学 | Gas injection pressure-stabilizing drilling method |
| CN101929331A (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-29 | 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司克拉玛依钻井工艺研究院 | Overall process under-balance drilling pressure compensation system and method |
| US8973656B2 (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2015-03-10 | Guy L. McClung, III | Wellbore operations, systems, and methods with McNano devices |
| CN104847287B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2018-03-02 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | A kind of balanced pressure drilling pressure control method |
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Effective date of registration: 20230616 Address after: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee after: SINOPEC Group Patentee after: SINOPEC OILFIELD SERVICE Corp. Patentee after: SINOPEC SHENGLI PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: SINOPEC SHENGLI PETROLEUM ENGINEERING CO., LTD. DRILLING TECHNOLOGY Research Institute Address before: 100101 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 8 Beichen world center, block A 703. Patentee before: SINOPEC OILFIELD SERVICE Corp. Patentee before: SINOPEC SHENGLI PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: SINOPEC SHENGLI PETROLEUM ENGINEERING CO., LTD. DRILLING TECHNOLOGY Research Institute |