CN106947567B - Sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent, preparation method thereof and gear oil - Google Patents
Sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent, preparation method thereof and gear oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN106947567B CN106947567B CN201710091716.0A CN201710091716A CN106947567B CN 106947567 B CN106947567 B CN 106947567B CN 201710091716 A CN201710091716 A CN 201710091716A CN 106947567 B CN106947567 B CN 106947567B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/16—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-nitrogen bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/56—Boundary lubrication or thin film lubrication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wear resistance of gear oil, and particularly relates to a sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure anti-wear agent, a preparation method thereof and the gear oil, wherein the sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure anti-wear agent has the following structural formula:in the formula, R1Is C4‑C12Alkyl radical, R2Is C8‑C16Alkyl radical, R3Is hydrogen or C4‑C12Alkyl radical, R4Is hydrogen or C1‑C8Alkyl of R5Is hydrogen or C1‑C8Alkyl of R6Is hydrogen or C1‑C8Alkyl group of (1). The modified polypropylene has good compatibility with base oil and can assist the base oil to realize good abrasion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wear resistance of gear oil, and particularly relates to a sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent, a preparation method thereof and gear oil.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of vehicle design, the working pressure and temperature of the gear oil of the vehicle are continuously increased, and higher requirements on the performances of extreme pressure abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the gear oil are put forward. With the continuous extension of the maintenance mileage of vehicles, customers also put forward higher and higher requirements on the oil change period of oil products, and the corresponding oil products have long-term performances of extreme pressure abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like. The extreme pressure antiwear agent as an important component in gear oil is closely related to the multifaceted performance of oil products.
Conventional extreme pressure antiwear agents can be classified into active and inactive additives according to the mechanism of action. The active additive mainly refers to a compound which contains active elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen and the like in a molecular structure and can chemically react with the surface of metal to form a protective film; the inactive additive is mainly an additive which forms a protective film on the friction surface by itself or its decomposition product, such as boride and the like.
The sulfur-phosphorus type additive is an extreme pressure antiwear agent commonly used in gear oil for vehicles. Wherein the sulfide is mainly sulfurized isobutylene, but the development of a substitute product of sulfurized isobutylene is urgently needed at present, and the three wastes are reduced; the phosphorus-containing compounds are mainly phosphite esters, phosphate esters, thiophosphoryl esters and derivatives thereof, and phosphate amine salts and thiophosphate amine salts are used in many cases.
The boron additive not only has excellent extreme pressure wear resistance and friction reduction, but also has good oxidation stability, boron belongs to an inactive element, and can inhibit the corrosive wear of the active element if the boron and the active element coexist, the boron additive does not corrode copper at high temperature, has good antirust performance on steel, has excellent extreme pressure wear resistance and thermal oxidation stability, simultaneously has good sealing adaptability, is nontoxic and odorless, is beneficial to protecting the environment, has more superior performance than phosphorus and sulfur additives, is known as a novel, high-efficiency, multifunctional, environment-friendly and energy-saving lubricating oil extreme pressure wear-resistant additive, and is mainly divided into two types: inorganic borates and organic borates. At present, relatively mature inorganic borate production process is formed abroad. The borate type additive has the advantages of no metal, good oil solubility and the like, and has better application prospect. However, the extreme pressure wear resistance is difficult to show when the boric acid ester is used alone, because the boric acid ester is easy to hydrolyze and is not easy to be adsorbed on the metal surface to generate a friction chemical reaction. Boric acid esters are easily hydrolyzed essentially because the boron atom is sp2Hybridization also results in an empty p orbital which is susceptible to hydrolysis of the boronate ester by attack by nucleophiles such as water with unshared electron pairs. At present, the most studied method for improving the hydrolysis stability of the boric acid ester is to introduce nitrogen atoms into the molecular structure of the boric acid ester, so that lone pair electrons on the nitrogen atoms are coordinated with boron atoms to form an N → B coordination bond, thereby improving the hydrolysis stability and the extreme pressure abrasion resistance of the boric acid ester.
The nitrogenous heterocyclic compound and the derivative thereof used as the lubricating oil additive have good extreme pressure anti-wear and anti-friction performance, high thermal stability, good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, can meet the special requirements of mechanical equipment and environment, and have wide application prospect, such as benzothiazole, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, 2, 5-dimercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole, diazine, triazine and the like.
How to integrate the functions of sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen and boron in an extreme pressure antiwear agent becomes a hotspot of research, for example, Chinese patent CN1590519A discloses the preparation of a phosphorus-nitrogen-boron type phosphorus-containing agent, and the synthesis of the phosphorus-nitrogen-boron type phosphorus-containing agent has a structure as follows:
the phosphorus-containing agent with the structure has good extreme pressure abrasion resistance, and the introduction of boron element improves the thermal oxidation stability, the extrusion performance and the rust resistance of the product. However, it has the problem that it is weakly basic, and the requirements for extreme pressure antiwear agents in specific gear applications are: can react with the metal surface at high temperature to generate a chemical reaction film, play a role in lubrication, and prevent the metal surface from being scratched and even welded. Therefore, it can only be used as an auxiliary agent and can not be used as an extreme pressure antiwear agent; in addition, the sulfur content is high, the pollution to the atmosphere is easy to cause, and the sulfur-phosphorus compound has stronger activity and is easy to cause corrosion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent and a preparation method thereof, which have good compatibility with base oil and can assist the base oil to realize good antiwear performance.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the specific technical scheme that the sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent has the following structural formula:
in the formula, R1Is C4-C12Alkyl of R2Is C4-C20Alkyl of R3Is hydrogen or C4-C12Alkyl of R4Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl of (2)Radical, R5Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl of R6Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl group of (1).
The improved technical scheme of the invention is prepared by adopting the following substances in parts by mass in a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent, wherein 1 part of sulfur-phosphorus compound; 1.2-1.5 parts of alcohol compounds; 1.0-2.0 parts of amine compounds; 1.0-1.5 parts of benzotriazole or benzotriazole derivatives; 1.0-1.5 parts of boron compounds; wherein, the water and the organic solvent in the mixed solution of the water and the organic solvent are in any mass ratio.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the sulfur-phosphorus compound is trichlorosulfur-phosphorus.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the alcohol compound is C4-C12Of a linear or branched fatty alcohol, preferably C6-C10Linear or branched fatty alcohols.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the amine compound is C4-C20Is preferably C8-C16A linear or branched aliphatic primary amine of (1).
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the structural formula of benzotriazole is as follows:，R3is hydrogen; the structural formula of the benzotriazole derivative is as follows:，R3is C4-C12Linear or branched alkyl groups of (1).
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the boron compound is boric acid or organic borate, and the organic borate is C1-C8Is esterified with boric acid.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the organic solvent is one or more of benzene, toluene, xylene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, n-heptane or solvent gasoline in any mass ratio.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent, which comprises the following steps:
adding a sulfur-phosphorus compound, an alcohol compound, water and an organic solvent into a reaction bottle, and reacting for 1-6 h at 10-90 ℃;
step two, adding benzotriazole or benzotriazole derivatives, amine compounds and organic solvents into a reaction bottle, and reacting for 1-6 h at the temperature of 20-150 ℃;
adding a boron compound into a reaction bottle, heating to reflux, and reacting for 1-4 h;
and step four, cooling, distilling at normal temperature and normal pressure to remove the solvent, and filtering to obtain the product.
The invention also aims to provide gear oil which comprises a sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent, an antioxidant, a metal passivator, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifoaming agent, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant and base oil.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the extreme pressure antiwear agent with the structure has low sulfur content, is weakly acidic at high temperature, can perform a chemical reaction with the metal surface at high temperature to generate a chemical reaction film, plays a role in lubrication and prevents the metal surface from being scratched.
In addition, the extreme pressure antiwear agent contains sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen and boron simultaneously, can react with a friction surface at high temperature, and forms a eutectic alloy with better fluidity with nearby iron to form an extreme pressure reaction film with the thickness of more than 0.15 mu m, thereby greatly improving the bearing capacity of oil products. Meanwhile, boron is introduced into S, P, N-containing organic compound additive molecules, so that the copper corrosion performance of the additive can be improved, and the oxidation resistance stability and the extreme pressure anti-wear performance of the additive can be improved. At the same time, the amount of other additives can be reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Examples
The sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent has the following structural formula:
in the formula, R1Is C4-C12Alkyl radical, R2Is C4-C20Alkyl radical, R3Is hydrogen or C4-C12Alkyl radical, R4Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl of R5Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl of R6Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl group of (1).
A preparation method of the sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent comprises the following steps: the pesticide is prepared by adopting the following substances in parts by mass in a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent, wherein 1 part of sulfur-phosphorus compound is adopted; 1.2-1.5 parts of alcohol compounds; 1.0-2.0 parts of amine compounds; 1.0-1.5 parts of benzotriazole or benzotriazole derivatives; 1.0-1.5 parts of boron compounds; wherein, the water and the organic solvent in the mixed solution of the water and the organic solvent are in any mass ratio.
Wherein the sulfur-phosphorus compound can be trichlorosulfur-phosphorus; the alcohol compound can be R-containing1C of (A)4-C12Of a linear or branched fatty alcohol, preferably C6-C10Straight or branched fatty alcohols of (a); the amine compound can beContaining R2C of (A)4-C20Is preferably C8-C16A linear or branched aliphatic primary amine of (1); the structural formula of the benzotriazole is as follows:，R3is hydrogen; the structural formula of the benzotriazole derivative is as follows:，R3is C4-C12Linear or branched alkyl of (a); the boron compound can be boric acid or organic borate, and the organic borate can be R-containing4、R5、R6C of (A)1-C8Respectively esterifying alcohol with boric acid; the organic solvent can be one or more of benzene, toluene, xylene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, n-heptane or solvent gasoline in any mass ratio.
In the formula, R1Derived from an alcohol compound, R2Derived from amine compounds, R3Derived from benzotriazole or benzotriazole derivatives, R4、R5And R6Derived from boric acid or organic borate esters.
In particular to a preparation method of a sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent, which comprises the following steps: adding a sulfur-phosphorus compound, an alcohol compound, water and an organic solvent into a reaction bottle, and reacting for 1-6 h at 10-90 ℃; step two, adding benzotriazole or benzotriazole derivatives, amine compounds and organic solvents into a reaction bottle, and reacting for 1-6 h at the temperature of 20-150 ℃; adding a boron compound into a reaction bottle, heating to reflux, and reacting for 1-4 h; and step four, cooling, distilling at normal temperature and normal pressure to remove the solvent, and filtering to obtain the product.
The sulfur-containing compound in the extreme pressure antiwear agent plays an extreme pressure role, and the sulfur-containing extreme pressure antiwear agent reacts with a friction surface under the boundary lubrication condition to form an extreme pressure reaction film with the thickness of more than 0.15 mu m; the phosphorus-containing compound plays a role in resisting abrasion, is mainly decomposed at high temperature and forms a eutectic alloy with better fluidity with nearby iron, and the eutectic alloy can flow to the concave part of the metal surface along with the friction movement, so that the metal surface is smoother and plays a role similar to polishing. However, the sulfur and phosphorus compounds have strong activity and are easy to cause corrosion. The nitrogen-containing compound, especially the organic amine compound, can be preferentially adsorbed on the metal surface, has synergistic effect with the sulfur-phosphorus compound, and can greatly improve the bearing capacity of the oil product. The benzotriazole and the derivative thereof can greatly improve the extreme pressure antiwear property of the base oil and have obvious antifriction effect. At the same time, the copper corrosion inhibitor is also an effective copper corrosion inhibitor. The boron element is introduced into S, P, N-containing organic compound additive molecules, so that the copper corrosion performance of the additive can be improved, and the oxidation resistance stability and the extreme pressure wear resistance can be improved. At the same time, the amount of other additives can be reduced.
Specific examples of the applications
Example 1:
firstly, a stirring device, a condensing device and a reactor are connected, and trichlorothiophosphoryl and isobutanol (or C) are added into the reactor4-C6Branched chain or straight chain alcohol), water, benzene or toluene or xylene, fully stirring, reacting at 10 ℃ for 6 hours, and distilling at normal pressure to obtain an intermediate product A1.
Mixing intermediate A1 with appropriate amount of benzotriazole and tert-butylamine (or C)4-C8The straight chain or branched chain aliphatic primary amine), benzene or toluene or xylene are fully and evenly stirred and react for 2 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and an intermediate product B1 is obtained.
And (3) fully and uniformly stirring the intermediate product B1 and boric acid, heating to reflux and react for 3 hours, distilling under normal pressure to remove the solvent, and filtering to obtain the final product C1.
The structural formula of the product C1 is:
。
example 2:
firstly, the stirring device, the condensing device and the reactor are connected, and trichloro-sulfur and n-octanol (or C) are added into the reactor7-C10Branched chain or straight chain alcohol), water, n-heptane or solvent gasoline, stirring, reacting at 50 deg.C for 2 hr, and distilling at normal pressure to obtain intermediate A2.
Mixing the intermediate product A2 with appropriate amount of butyl benzotriazole (or benzene ring with C)4-C8Linear or branched alkyl group of (2), dodecylamine (or C)8-C16The straight chain or branched chain aliphatic primary amine), n-heptane or solvent gasoline are fully and uniformly stirred and react for 2 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and an intermediate product B2 is obtained.
The intermediate product B2 is mixed with proper amount of triethanolamine borate (or C)3-C16Organic borate ester) is fully and uniformly stirred, the temperature is increased to reflux reaction for 3 hours, the solvent is removed by normal pressure distillation, and the final product C2 is obtained by filtration.
The structural formula of the product C2 is:
。
example 3:
firstly, a stirring device, a condensing device and a reactor are connected, and trichloro-sulfur phosphorus and 1-undecanol (or C) are added into the reactor11-C12Branched chain or straight chain alcohol), water, tetrahydrofuran or ether, fully stirring, reacting at 90 ℃ for 1h, and distilling at normal pressure to obtain an intermediate product A3.
Mixing the intermediate product A3 with proper amount of octyl benzotriazole (or benzene ring with C)8-C12Linear or branched alkyl group of (2), octadecylamine (or C)16-C20The straight chain or branched chain aliphatic primary amine), tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether are fully and uniformly stirred and react for 2 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product B3.
The intermediate product B2 is mixed with a proper amount of trioctyl borate (or C)16-C24Organic boric acid ester), heating to reflux reaction for 3 hr, distilling at normal pressure to remove solvent, filteringThus obtaining the final product C3.
The structural formula of the product C3 is:
。
example 4:
this example shows the test results of extreme pressure antiwear tests of samples C1, C2 and C3 and finished gear oils D1, D2 and D3 blended by C1, C2 and C3.
The three components were blended at 1.5% ratio with base oil to make SAE 90 (150 BS: 600N = 15: 85) grade oil with the test results shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 test results for examples C1, C2, C3
From the above test results, it can be seen that the three compounds have good extreme pressure anti-wear properties, anti-corrosion properties, and the like.
Mixing the three components C1, C2 and C3 with an antioxidant, a metal passivator, a corrosion inhibitor and an antifoaming agent which are equal in quantity respectively, mixing the mixture with a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant and base oil according to a proportion of 7%, and blending the finished products of the synthetic gear oil into D1, D2 and D3, wherein the test results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 test results for finished gear oils
From the test results, the gear oil compounded by using the three compounds as the extreme pressure antiwear agent has good oxidation resistance, and compared with the gear oil of a common vehicle, the gear oil can effectively prolong the service life.
The above are merely embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and with particularity, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure antiwear agent is characterized by having the following structural formula:
in the formula, R1Is C4-C12Alkyl of R2Is C4-C20Alkyl of R3Is hydrogen or C4-C12Alkyl of R4Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl of R5Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl of R6Is hydrogen or C1-C8Alkyl groups of (a); the pesticide is prepared by adopting the following substances in parts by mass in a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent, wherein 1 part of trichloro sulfur phosphorus is adopted; c4-C121.2-1.5 parts of straight chain or branched chain fatty alcohol; c4-C201.0-2.0 parts of straight chain or branched chain aliphatic primary amine; 1.0-1.5 parts of benzotriazole or benzotriazole derivatives; 1.0-1.5 parts of boric acid or organic borate; wherein, the water and the organic solvent in the mixed solution of the water and the organic solvent are in any mass ratio; wherein the structural formula of the benzotriazole is as follows:R3is hydrogen; the structural formula of the benzotriazole derivative is as follows:R3is C4-C12Linear or branched alkyl of (a); organic boronic acid ester C1-C8Is esterified with boric acid; the organic solvent is one or more of benzene, toluene, xylene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, n-heptane or solvent gasoline in any mass ratio.
2. The boron thiophosphoryl-nitrogen compound of claim 1The preparation method of the extreme pressure antiwear agent is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, trichloro sulfur phosphorus and C4-C12Adding the straight chain or branched chain fatty alcohol, water and an organic solvent into a reaction bottle, and reacting for 1-6 h at 10-90 ℃; step two, adding benzotriazole or benzotriazole derivatives and C into a reaction bottle4-C20Reacting the straight chain or branched chain aliphatic primary amine and the organic solvent for 1 to 6 hours at the temperature of between 20 and 150 ℃; adding boric acid or organic borate into a reaction bottle, heating to reflux, and reacting for 1-4 h; and step four, cooling, distilling at normal temperature and normal pressure to remove the solvent, and filtering to obtain the product.
3. The gear oil containing the sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure anti-wear agent as defined in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen-boron extreme pressure anti-wear agent, an antioxidant, a metal passivator, a corrosion inhibitor, an anti-foaming agent, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant and base oil.
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