CN106945560B - Energy recovery structure of exhaust system of fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents
Energy recovery structure of exhaust system of fuel cell vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106945560B CN106945560B CN201710244569.6A CN201710244569A CN106945560B CN 106945560 B CN106945560 B CN 106945560B CN 201710244569 A CN201710244569 A CN 201710244569A CN 106945560 B CN106945560 B CN 106945560B
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- Prior art keywords
- generator
- fuel cell
- turbine
- cell vehicle
- exhaust system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy recovery structure of an exhaust system of a fuel cell vehicle, wherein a turbine driving generator is added in an exhaust channel of the fuel cell vehicle, the turbine driving generator comprises a turbocharger, a generator and a voltage stabilizing circuit, a turbine shaft of the turbocharger is directly connected with a rotor shaft of the generator or is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit through a gear reducer, and the generator is electrically connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit; in the running process of the fuel cell vehicle, the turbine is driven to rotate by high-pressure gas exhausted by the exhaust system, the turbine drives the rotor shaft of the generator to rotate so as to realize the power generation of the generator, the voltage output by the generator outputs stable direct-current voltage through the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the turbine drives the generator to work in a driving mode and a scavenging mode so as to assist in realizing the pressure and flow control of the air system of the fuel cell stack. By adding the turbine driving generator in the exhaust channel of the fuel cell vehicle, the exhaust energy of the fuel cell vehicle is recovered and reused, the utilization rate of the exhaust energy of the exhaust system is improved, and the recovered energy can be flexibly used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an exhaust system structure of a fuel cell vehicle, in particular to an energy recovery structure of an exhaust system of a fuel cell vehicle adopting a turbine to drive a generator, which is used for recovering the exhaust energy of the fuel cell vehicle.
Background
A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that directly converts chemical energy of fuel into electric energy. The fuel cell consists of an electrolyte and porous cathodes and anodes connected to both sides of the electrolyte. The oxidant of the fuel cell is usually oxygen or air directly, and methanol or hydrogen is used as fuel. The fuel flows to the anode, the air is pressurized by the air compressor and humidified to flow to the cathode, and electrochemical reaction occurs under the action of the catalyst on the surface of the electrode. Ions are transferred from one electrode to the other through the electrolyte and electrons form a current through an external circuit. The electric energy output by the fuel cell is subjected to voltage stabilization treatment to become a power source of the fuel cell vehicle.
In the case of power generation by a fuel cell, it is necessary to continuously supply fuel and compressed air to the fuel cell. The fuel cell consumes fuel and a portion of the oxygen in the compressed air, and nitrogen, remaining oxygen, water vapor, and various inert gases in the air are discharged as exhaust gas. These gases are still at a relatively high pressure at the discharge, typically 70% to 80% of the input gas. Therefore, the energy contained in the gases in the exhaust system is recovered, and the overall efficiency of the fuel cell vehicle can be improved.
The principle of energy recovery is to release the energy contained in the exhaust gases of the exhaust system in the form of mechanical energy. The primary device currently used for energy recovery is the turbocharger. Turbochargers are effectively air compressors that utilize the inertial momentum of the high pressure gas discharged from the exhaust system to propel the turbine. The gas in the turbocharger enters from the axial direction, leaves from the impeller from the radial direction, and the pressure is increased by changing the gas flow state.
There are many existing exhaust system energy recovery and reuse schemes to use recovered energy for air compressors. The reason is that the operation of the air compressor in the fuel cell vehicle is premised on the consumption of the output energy of the fuel cell and has become the largest parasitic energy consumption component in the fuel cell system. The pressurized gas generated through the turbocharger is input to the air compressor so that both the air pressure and the air density entering the fuel cell are increased, thereby increasing the output power of the fuel cell. While the output power of the motor driving the air compressor can be reduced. However, this energy recovery method is not flexible enough because the energy that can be reused is relatively single.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above defects in the prior art, the invention provides an energy recovery structure of an exhaust system of a fuel cell vehicle, which is used for recovering and reutilizing the exhaust energy of the fuel cell vehicle, and improves the utilization rate of the exhaust energy of the exhaust system on the premise of not greatly changing the equipment of the original fuel cell vehicle, and more importantly, the recovered energy can be flexibly used.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an energy recovery structure of an exhaust system of a fuel cell vehicle, wherein fuel enters a fuel cell anode from a hydrogen tank through a pressure reducing valve; compressed air flows into an air compressor through an air filter, and the air compressor compresses the air under the drive of a motor and sends the compressed air into a cathode of the fuel cell; a turbine driving generator is added in an exhaust channel of the fuel cell vehicle, the turbine driving generator comprises a turbocharger, a generator and a voltage stabilizing circuit, a turbine shaft of the turbocharger is connected with a rotor shaft of the generator, and the generator is electrically connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit; in the running process of the fuel cell vehicle, the turbine is driven to rotate by high-pressure gas discharged by the exhaust system, the turbine drives the rotor shaft of the generator to rotate so as to realize the power generation of the generator, and the voltage output by the generator outputs stable direct-current voltage through the voltage stabilizing circuit.
Further, the turbine shaft is connected coaxially with the generator rotor shaft or through a gear shifting mechanism.
Further, the generator is provided with an engine controller, and the engine controller is used for calculating the generated energy of the generator and realizing pressure and flow control in the fuel cell stack by combining an air supply system supercharging device consisting of an air compressor and a motor.
Furthermore, the engine controller can also switch the generator according to working conditions in a power generation mode, a driving mode and a scavenging mode, the energy of the exhaust system is converted into mechanical energy in the power generation mode, the rotating speed of the turbine is controlled in the driving mode, and the gas in the fuel cell stack is accelerated to flow out in the scavenging mode.
Further, the voltage stabilizing circuit stores electric energy output by the generator into a power battery or a low-voltage storage battery through a DC-DC converter.
The invention has the following advantages: according to the invention, the turbine is added in the exhaust channel of the fuel cell vehicle to drive the generator, so that the exhaust energy of the fuel cell vehicle is recovered and reused, the utilization rate of the exhaust energy of the exhaust system is improved on the premise that the equipment of the original fuel cell vehicle is not required to be changed greatly, and more importantly, the recovered energy can be flexibly used.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an exhaust system and an air supply system structure for recovering exhaust energy of a fuel cell vehicle according to a conventional scheme.
Fig. 2 is a view showing the structure of an exhaust system for recovering exhaust energy of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-air filter, 2-air compressor, 3-motor, 4-hydrogen tank, 5-relief valve, 6-fuel cell group, 7-turbine, 8-generator, 9-voltage stabilizing circuit.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An energy recovery structure of an exhaust system of a fuel cell vehicle is shown in fig. 2. The fuel is decompressed to proper pressure from the hydrogen tank 4 through the decompression valve 5 and then enters the anode of the fuel cell 6, compressed air flows into the air compressor 2 after passing through the air filter 1, the air compressor 2 is connected with the motor 3 and driven by the motor to rotate, the air compressor 2 compresses and humidifies the filtered air and then sends the air into the air delivery pipe, and the air enters the cathode through the air inlet of the fuel cell 6. The turbine driving generator which is composed of a turbocharger, a generator, a voltage stabilizing circuit and the like is added in an exhaust passage of the fuel cell vehicle, a turbine 7 shaft of the turbocharger is connected with a rotor shaft of a generator 8, and the generator 8 is electrically connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit 9. In the running process of the fuel cell vehicle, high-pressure gas exhausted by an exhaust system is utilized to drive the turbine 7 to rotate, and the turbine 7 drives the rotor shaft of the generator 8 to rotate so as to realize the power generation of the generator 8. The rotation speed range of the turbine 7 driven by the exhaust gas of the exhaust system is larger, so that the variation range of the output voltage of the generator 8 is wide, and the output voltage of the generator needs to pass through a voltage stabilizing circuit.
The shaft of the turbine 7 and the shaft of the rotor of the generator 8 may be connected either coaxially or via a gear change mechanism. The turbine 7 drives the rotor shaft of the generator 8 to rotate, so that the rotor makes a motion of cutting magnetic force lines, thereby generating induced potential and forming current.
The generator 8 is also provided with an engine controller which mainly completes the following work: first, the power generation amount of the generator is calculated from the air flow sensor, the rotation speed of the turbine 7, and the like. And secondly, based on the calculated power generation amount of the generator, the power generation amount is coordinated with a pressurizing device of the air supply system consisting of the air compressor 2 and the motor 3, so that the pressure and flow control in the fuel cell stack 6 is realized. Thirdly, the generator is switched among a power generation mode, a driving mode and a scavenging mode according to working conditions. The energy of the exhaust system is converted into mechanical energy in the power generation mode, the rotation speed of the turbine is controlled in the drive mode, and the gas outflow in the fuel cell stack is accelerated in the scavenging mode.
The voltage stabilizing circuit 9 has the following three functions: and the first is a voltage stabilizing function, namely outputting stable direct current voltage. And secondly, a charging management function is realized, and the electric energy output by the generator is stored into a power battery or a low-voltage storage battery through a DC-DC converter. And thirdly, a power supply function is used for providing stable voltage for the generator through a reverse DC-DC function.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in the case of power generation by a fuel cell, it is necessary to continuously supply fuel and compressed air to the fuel cell. The fuel cell consumes fuel and a portion of the oxygen in the compressed air, and nitrogen, remaining oxygen, water vapor, and various inert gases in the air are exhausted from the exhaust system as exhaust gases. The high-pressure tail gas discharged by the exhaust system drives the turbine 7 to rotate, and the turbine drives the rotor shaft of the generator 8 to rotate so as to realize the power generation of the generator.
The electricity output by the generator is output with stable direct current voltage through a voltage stabilizing circuit 9, and is stored in a power battery or a low-voltage storage battery through a DC-DC converter. And according to the working conditions, the power supply can also be directly supplied to other loads in the fuel cell vehicle.
The generator controller calculates the generating capacity of the generator according to the air flow sensor, the rotating speed of the turbine 7 and the like, and realizes the pressure and flow control in the fuel cell group 6 by combining an air supply system supercharging device consisting of the air compressor 2 and the motor 3.
It should be noted that, the present embodiment provides a detailed implementation manner under the technical scheme of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. of the drawings in this specification are for use in conjunction with the description provided herein and are not intended to limit the applicable scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An energy recovery structure of an exhaust system of a fuel cell vehicle, wherein fuel enters a fuel cell anode from a hydrogen tank through a pressure reducing valve; compressed air flows into an air compressor through an air filter, and the air compressor compresses the air under the drive of a motor and sends the compressed air into a cathode of the fuel cell; the method is characterized in that a turbine driving generator is added in an exhaust channel of the fuel cell vehicle, the turbine driving generator comprises a turbocharger, a generator and a voltage stabilizing circuit, a turbine shaft of the turbocharger is connected with a rotor shaft of the generator, and the generator is electrically connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit; in the running process of the fuel cell vehicle, the turbine is driven to rotate by high-pressure gas discharged by the exhaust system, the turbine drives the rotor shaft of the generator to rotate so as to realize the power generation of the generator, and the voltage output by the generator outputs stable direct-current voltage through the voltage stabilizing circuit.
2. An energy recovery structure for an exhaust system of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the turbine shaft is connected coaxially with the generator rotor shaft or through a gear change mechanism.
3. The energy recovery structure of the exhaust system of the fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the generator is provided with an engine controller, and the engine controller is used for calculating the power generation amount of the generator and realizing the pressure and flow control in the fuel cell stack by combining with a gas supply system supercharging device consisting of an air compressor and a motor.
4. A fuel cell vehicle exhaust system energy recovery structure according to claim 3, wherein the engine controller is further operable to switch the generator according to the operating conditions between a power generation mode, a drive mode, and a scavenging mode, to convert the energy of the exhaust system into mechanical energy in the power generation mode, to control the rotational speed of the turbine in the drive mode, and to accelerate the outflow of gas from the fuel cell stack in the scavenging mode.
5. An energy recovery structure of an exhaust system of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the voltage stabilizing circuit stores electric energy output from the generator to the power cell or the low voltage battery through the DC-DC converter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710244569.6A CN106945560B (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2017-04-14 | Energy recovery structure of exhaust system of fuel cell vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710244569.6A CN106945560B (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2017-04-14 | Energy recovery structure of exhaust system of fuel cell vehicle |
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| CN106945560A CN106945560A (en) | 2017-07-14 |
| CN106945560B true CN106945560B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10763526B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2020-09-01 | Lg Electronics, Inc. | System and method for fuel cell stack temperature control |
| US20190148752A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-16 | Lg Fuel Cell Systems Inc. | Fuel cell stack temperature control |
| CN108172861A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-15 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of pulsed hydrogen fuel cell electricity auxiliary turbine is pressurized power generator |
| CN108590771B (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2020-10-27 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | High pressure ratio compressor and energy recovery turbine device of fuel cell system |
| CN109026739B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-06-09 | 江苏大学 | Residual energy recovery shaftless impeller pump |
| CN109378503B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-08-27 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell air compressor machine with energy recycle device |
| CN109808550A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-28 | 常州港华燃气有限公司 | A kind of power control system of hydrogen fuel cell model car |
| CN111261897B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-03-16 | 沈阳理工大学 | PEM fuel cell power generation device with tail gas energy recovery function |
| DE102022202175A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Fuel cell system with energy recuperation |
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| CN106945560A (en) | 2017-07-14 |
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