CN106945266A - 3D printer self-test system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-checking system of a 3D printer, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printers. In order to make 3D print can be carried out by taking the actual condition of a hot table as a reference, a laser emitting head and a photoelectric receiving array are arranged on a printing head, a reflecting mirror surface is processed or arranged on the hot table, a laser beam is not vertically emitted to the reflecting mirror surface and is reflected to the photoelectric receiving array by the reflecting mirror surface for receiving, a computer drives the printing head, the laser emitting head and the photoelectric receiving array to carry out distance detection on the reflecting mirror surface at three different positions on the hot table through a positioning system, and the computer recalculates print data by taking the detection result of the photoelectric receiving array as a reference, so that the print data can be subjected to 3D print by taking the actual condition of the hot table as a reference; the invention has the advantages that: the printing data is modified according to the detection result, so that the printing can be carried out by taking the plane and the height of the hot table as the reference, and all technical problems and adverse effects caused by the deviation between the plane of the hot table and a positioning system in the prior art are completely eliminated.

Description

3D printer self-test system

technical field

The present invention is a technical field of 3D printers.

Background technique

3D printing can make the virtual image on the computer screen magically become the real material world. At present, the fused deposition method (FDM) is widely used in 3D printing technology. The cost of this kind of 3D printing machine and consumables is relatively low, but it is based on physical mechanical positioning and fusion deposition printing technology, so it is a A printing technology with low printing accuracy. However, due to its low adult size, it has strong vitality. Its working principle is to rely on the nozzle to spin the wire, and cooperate with the mobile positioning of the mechanical positioning system to realize hot-melt accumulation printing.

People who have used fused accumulation 3D printing machines will complain about the difficulty of operation and low printing success. One of the reasons is that this printing method has high requirements on the mechanical positioning of the system, and a slight deviation can easily cause printing failure. Among the above factors, the most prominent is that the distance between the plane of the heating stage and the plane of the mechanical positioning system (the plane formed by the X-axis and Y-axis in the positioning system) is unstable and not parallel. When the distance between the heating stage plane and the reference plane of the positioning system is too large, it is easy to cause the printed first layer to fail to adhere to the heating stage. This is because when the distance between them is too large, the nozzle cannot squeeze the filament, so that the contact area between the filament and the heating table is small and cannot be adhered firmly. When this situation continues to print to a certain extent, the printed model will partially rise upwards, and at this time the remaining work will not be able to be carried out, and the printing has to end in failure. This situation is very common, and it cannot be changed by adjusting the temperature of the hot stage or changing the textured paper; when the plane of the hot stage is not parallel to the reference plane of the positioning system, the situation that may occur is more complicated. When printing the first layer, the high place of the heating table may seal the nozzle due to the heating table surface, so that the nozzle cannot produce filament and cannot print. In the lower places, the above-mentioned problems of the first layer not being able to stick to the hot plate will appear, and the model will lift up after printing for a certain period of time. All of these will cause printing to fail.

The printing reference of the 3D printer in the prior art is based on the coordinate system formed by the X, Y, and Z axes of the positioning system, but the printed workpiece is finally generated on the hot stage. Therefore, when there is a deviation between the hot plate and the positioning reference, it will seriously affect the printing effect and success rate. This technical inconsistency is a major technical defect of the existing 3D printing technology; on the other hand, the 3D printer uses Mechanical positioning system, at the same time, it has very strict requirements on the debugging and operation of the mechanical positioning system. The distance between the hot stage and the nozzle and the non-parallelism between the hot stage positioning system and the reference plane must ensure that the difference is less than tens of microns. These requirements are absolutely It is a great difficulty for most users who do not have mechanical expertise and professional tools; Due to the tossing of factors, the benchmark of the positioning system of the 3D printer or the heating stage will change to varying degrees, and these changes will inevitably cause the above-mentioned problems. At present, the 3D printers under the existing technology do not pay enough attention to this aspect, so that these factors seriously restrict the development of the 3D printer industry.

Contents of the invention

In order to enable the 3D printer to automatically adapt to the deviation and change of the heating platform and/or positioning system, so that the 3D printing can be carried out based on the actual situation of the heating platform, the present invention adopts the following technical measures: a laser emitting head and a laser emitting head are installed on the printing head. Photoelectric receiving array, process or install the reflective mirror on the hot table, the laser beam is not perpendicular to the reflective mirror and is reflected by the reflective mirror to the photoelectric receiving array for reception, the photoelectric receiving array is connected to the computer, and the computer drives the printing head and laser emitting head through the positioning system And the photoelectric receiving array detects the distance of the reflective mirrors in the smallest three different places on the hot table. The signals output by the photoelectric receiving array are combined to calculate the deviation between the 3D printer positioning system and the hot table. The computer uses the photoelectric receiving array to detect The result is based on recalculating the printing data, so that the printing data can be 3D printed based on the actual situation of the hot table.

The advantage of the present invention is: in the prior art, the heating stage and the positioning system of the 3D printer are all mechanical devices, and there will undoubtedly be deviations in their installation and debugging, and this deviation will also be caused by factors such as air temperature, humidity and vibration And the deterioration will cause the 3D printer to have one or another technical problem, which seriously affects the printing effect. The present invention is aimed at above-mentioned technical defect and adopts to install laser emitting head and photoelectric receiving array on the head, process or install reflective mirror surface at least three different places on the hot stage, through laser emitting head, photoelectric receiving array and the reflection on the hot stage The mirror surface is used to detect the distance and flatness deviation between the heating table and the positioning system reference, and the printing data is modified based on the detection results, so that printing can be carried out based on the plane and height of the heating table, which completely eliminates the heating table in the prior art All technical problems and adverse effects caused by the deviation between the plane and the positioning system greatly improve the printing success rate and printing effect.

On the other hand, the advantage of the present invention is that the attitude deviation of the heating stage is actually detected based on the coordinate system of the positioning system when detecting the heating stage. The coordinate system of the positioning system is not stable and reliable, and it is also affected by factors such as vibration, temperature, and humidity. The coordinate system of the positioning system is used as the reference to detect the hot stage, and the result obtained is a relative result, which includes the changing factors of the positioning system itself. Compared with the hot stage, the instability of the positioning system will also affect the printing effect, and even the success or failure of printing. The present invention detects the posture of the heating plate through the positioning system at the beginning of each printing, and the detection result actually includes the factors of the positioning system itself. In fact, the printed workpiece is generated on the hot table and is based on the hot table, so the present invention can simultaneously overcome the bad consequences brought about by the relative deviation of the hot table, the positioning system and the two.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the 3D printer adaptive system.

In the figure: print head 1, photoelectric receiving array 2, reflective mirror 3, laser beam 4, laser emitting head 5.

detailed description

The 3D printed model or workpiece is finally generated on the hot stage, but the 3D printed data in the prior art is based on the starting point of the coordinates of the positioning system. In this way, when there is a deviation between the hot stage and the benchmark of the positioning system, it will inevitably affect the printing accuracy of the model or workpiece, and in severe cases, the printing will not be successful. In order to enable the 3D printer to automatically adapt to the deviation or change of the heating table and/or positioning system, the present invention adopts the following technical measures: a laser emitting head and a photoelectric receiving array are installed on the printing head, and a minimum of three different positions on the heating table Process or install the reflective mirror surface, the laser beam is not perpendicular to the reflective mirror surface, the photoelectric receiving array is connected to the computer, and the signals output by the photoelectric receiving array are combined to calculate the deviation between the positioning system of the 3D printer and the heating table. The test results are used as the basis to recalculate the print data, so that the print data can be 3D printed based on the actual situation of the heating table (equivalent to calculating the deviation between the two into the print data).

Install the laser emitting head and photoelectric receiving array on the printing head. Since the printing head is driven by the positioning system, its moving coordinates are the moving coordinates of the positioning system. Therefore, installing the laser emitting head on the printing head is actually installing the above-mentioned part. The photoelectric receiving array is formed by a plurality of photosensitive element arrays. The laser beam is not perpendicular to the reflective mirror, the laser beam emitted by the laser head is not perpendicular to the reflective mirror on the heating table, the laser is reflected to the photoelectric receiving array installed on the print head and is sensitive The components received and converted into electrical signals are sent to the computer. When the relative distance between the hot stage and the head changes, the path of the laser also changes, and at this time the laser hits another photosensitive element of the photoelectric receiving array. That is to say, when the vertical distance between the thermal stage and the print head changes, the path of the reflected laser light to the print head also changes in horizontal displacement, and these changes can truly and effectively reflect the distance and distance between the thermal stage and the print head The change. The computer drives the print head and the upper laser transceiver device of the print head, and measures the distance between the print head and the heat table at three different points, and then the flatness and distance deviation between the heat table and the positioning system can be obtained, which is based on the heat table Recalculation of print data provides an important basis.

The working process of the present invention is: when the 3D printer is turned on, the system is reset at first, and then the positioning system runs the program to detect the minimum three different points of the plane of the heating table. The computer receives and analyzes the detection data sent by the photoelectric receiving array, and calculates the deviation between the plane and height of the X, Y, Z coordinates of the positioning system and the plane of the heating platform. Follow the computer to recalculate the printing data according to the established program, so that the printing data can be 3D printed based on the actual situation of the heating table (the plane attitude of the heating table and its distance from the positioning system plane). In this process, even if there is a large deviation between the heating table and the positioning system before printing, it can be printed normally and accurately without manual adjustment. That is to say, the 3D printer of the present invention can automatically detect and adapt to the deviation between the heating platform and the positioning system, and can completely eliminate the adverse effects caused by the deviation between the attitude and height of the heating platform plane and the ideal state, greatly improving the 3D printer. level of automation and adaptability.

Claims (1)

1. The self-checking system of 1.3D printers, mainly including laser head, mirror surface and opto-electronic receiver array, it is characterised in that： Laser beam emitting head and opto-electronic receiver array are installed on printhead, mirror surface, laser beam out of plumb are processed or installed in thermal station Directive mirror surface simultaneously reflexes to opto-electronic receiver array received, opto-electronic receiver array connection computer, computer by mirror surface The reflection of printhead, laser beam emitting head and opto-electronic receiver array to minimum three different places in thermal station is driven by alignment system Minute surface enters row distance detection, and the signal synthesis of opto-electronic receiver array output gets up and is used to calculate 3D printer alignment system and thermal station Between deviation, computer enables print data using the testing result of opto-electronic receiver array as according to recalculating print data 3D printing is carried out on the basis of the actual conditions of thermal station.