CN106942292A - 一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂 - Google Patents

一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂 Download PDF

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CN106942292A
CN106942292A CN201710092020.XA CN201710092020A CN106942292A CN 106942292 A CN106942292 A CN 106942292A CN 201710092020 A CN201710092020 A CN 201710092020A CN 106942292 A CN106942292 A CN 106942292A
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seed dressing
english grass
grass seed
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丛慧颖
田立娟
申健
孙建波
王仲
李盛举
宋文超
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Jiamusi University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，属于园艺绿化领域。为了克服现有技术中草地早熟禾在生长过程中出芽率低以及容易被真菌感染的技术不足，本发明提供一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，该拌种剂包括植物源的生防物质以及多种微量元素及其他活性物质，其不仅可以防止蝼蚁等虫类对种子的损害，提高草地早熟禾的抗菌性能，而且提高了草种的出芽率，因而在园艺绿化领域具有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，属于园艺绿化领域。
背景技术
草地早熟禾喜光耐荫，喜温暖湿润，又具很强的耐寒能力耐旱较差，夏季炎热时生长停滞，春秋生长繁茂；是典型的冷季型草种，在排水良好、土壤肥沃的湿地生长良好；根茎繁殖能力，再生性好，较耐践踏。在西北地区3～4月返青，11月上旬枯黄；在北京地区3月开始返青，12月中下旬枯黄。在-30℃的寒冷地区也能安全越冬。草地早熟禾是禾本科多年生草本植物，叶片光滑，前端叶尖稍翘起，似般头龙骨，幼叶在叶鞘中的排列为折叠式；有地下根茎。耐旱性和耐热性较差，在缺水情况下或在炎热的夏季生长缓慢或停滞，叶尖变黄，绿度较差。草地早熟禾要求排水良好，质地疏松而含有机质丰富的土壤，在含石灰质的土壤上生长更为旺盛，最适宜pH值为6.0～7.0。
草地早熟禾可用于一般绿化、运动场草坪、高尔夫发球台及球道。草地早熟禾(Poapralen sis)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)是我国北方和南北过渡地带冷季型草坪的主要草种，在我国种植区域很广。然而，草坪病害已成为严重影响草坪的观赏效果和使用寿命的一个重要问题。我国一些学者对以上3种冷季型草坪草的真菌性病害已做了些报道，其中，报道草地早熟禾真菌性病害8种，报道多年生黑麦草真菌性病害7种报道高羊茅真菌性病害5种。
中国专利申请2011101439671公开了一种提高草地早熟禾种子萌发速度和出苗整齐度的方法，第一步：变温处理，处理时间5d，每天首先进行25℃处理12h，然后进行-10℃处理12h；第二步：He-Ne激光辐照处理，辐射剂量25.0J/cm2，辐射时间30S。本发明可有效解决草坪草种草地早熟禾种子发芽势低、种子萌发速度和幼苗生长速度缓慢、幼苗生长速度不一致等问题，具有操作简单、处理量大、易于人工掌握、效果明显等特点。但其处理过程中使用了辐射手段，其变异存在不可控性。
《浸种时间和浸种剂对草地早熟禾种子发芽的影响》通过综合各浸种处理对种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽天数、芽长、根长和幼苗鲜重的影响，对各浸种处理的浸种效果进行了系统对比和分析得出：2.0％Ca(NO3)2(浸种1、2、3d)和2.0％KNO3(浸种1、2、3d)处理可以提高种子萌发，且对幼苗生长的不良影响相对较小，尤其以2.0％Ca(NO3)2(浸种2d)和2.0％KNO3(浸种2d)的浸种效果最好，可以作为草地早熟禾种子浸种处理优先选用。
中国专利文件CN1188596A公布了一种农作物多效拌种剂，是在现有草地早熟禾拌种剂中的微肥、生长调节剂外，新加进杀菌剂、杀虫剂和生产工艺中增加螯合工序，主要增加的化学药剂有粉锈宁、呋喃丹、矮壮素、多效唑、氨基酸、硫酸镁和硼砂。该多效拌种剂中添加粉锈宁、呋喃丹化学药剂，虽然具有杀灭地下害虫、保苗壮苗、防治主要病虫害的效果，但是同时造成了土壤污染，间接危害人体健康，且其螯合工序只是简单的将螯合剂作为包衣使用，无法有效螯合中微量营养元素，大大减少了中微量元素的有效利用率。
由上可见，如何提高草地早熟禾的抗病性能，同时提高其种子出芽率和出苗率，并通过合适的微量元素提高其生长性能已经成为影响其植被景观的关键因素。而现有的处理工艺或者效果不佳，或者具有潜在的环境污染缺陷，提供一种改进上述技术指标的绿色有效处理方式则显得尤为必要。基于此，本发明提供一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中草地早熟禾在生长过程中出芽率低以及容易被真菌感染的技术不足，本发明提供一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，该拌种剂包括植物源的生防物质以及多种微量元素，大大降低了拌种剂的使用量，并且具有并且防止蝼蚁等虫类对种子的损害，提高草地早熟禾的抗菌性能，而且提高了草种的出芽率因而在园艺绿化领域具有很好的应用前景。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现上述技术目的：
一种草地早熟禾拌种剂，其由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水6-8份、赤霉素0.2-0.6份、对氨基苯甲酸0.1-0.3份、吲哚乙酸0.3-0.7份、对叶百部碱0.05-0.1份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.2-0.6份、钼酸铵0.2-0.4份、伊曲霉素0.2-0.4份、β-熊果苷0.4-0.8份、复硝酚钠0.2-0.5份、硫酸锰0.5-0.9份、吐温80 0.3-0.5份、薄荷挥发油0.2-0.5份、三唑酮0.4-0.7份、甲基硫菌灵0.03-0.07份、磷酸二氢铵0.2-0.8份、氯氟氰菊酯0.15-0.3份、山梨醇0.6-0.8份、忍冬藤提取物0.3-0.5份。
其中薄荷挥发油的制备方法为：将薄荷粉碎后置于蒸馏器中,加入10倍体积蒸馏水并升温至120-150℃提取,待蒸馏器支管中流下的液体为无色即停止提取，用分液漏斗去除下部蒸馏水即得薄荷挥发油；
忍冬藤提取物的制备方法为：取忍冬藤干燥品粉碎后过筛，使用50％的丙酮水溶液回流提取2h，过滤，滤渣再用50％的丙酮水溶液回流提取两次，合并提取液，离心后将上清液减压浓缩至相对密度1.05-1.10的浸膏，浸膏烘干至恒重后粉碎，即得忍冬藤提取物。
所述的绿藻多糖铁复合物的制备方法为：绿藻干燥粉碎后，加入10-20倍体积的水，调pH为9.0-12.0，60-80℃下搅拌提取2-4小时，连续提取2-3次后提取液合并，使用750目滤布过滤得到绿藻多糖提取液；向其中加入柠檬酸调节绿藻多糖提取液的pH为6.5-9.0，将溶液升温至70-90℃，向其中缓慢滴加2mol/L的氯化铁或硫酸铁溶液，直至产生棕红色沉淀，于70-90℃下继续搅拌反应2-6小时，反应液在3500rpm转速下离心10-20分钟，上清液过纳滤膜得到纳滤浓缩液，将纳滤浓缩液喷雾干燥，即得绿藻多糖铁复合物。
本发明上述草地早熟禾拌种剂与现有的草地早熟禾拌种剂相比，其组分中不仅含有植物来源的生防物质，从而大大减少了化学农药的使用量，其可以显著提高草地早熟禾的抗病能力，并且可以防止蝼蚁等虫类对种子的损害，提高草地早熟禾的抗菌性能。根据上述草地早熟禾拌种剂的应用效果，申请人对上述草地早熟禾拌种剂进行了组分优选，优选地，所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂，其由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水7份、赤霉素0.4份、对氨基苯甲酸0.2份、吲哚乙酸0.5份、对叶百部碱0.08份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.4份、钼酸铵0.3份、伊曲霉素0.3份、β-熊果苷0.6份、复硝酚钠0.4份、硫酸锰0.7份、吐温80 0.4份、薄荷挥发油0.3份、三唑酮0.6份、甲基硫菌灵0.05份、磷酸二氢铵0.6份、氯氟氰菊酯0.23份、山梨醇0.7份、忍冬藤提取物0.4份。
本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂与现有技术相比具有如下技术优势：
1.作用全面。本发明实施例7表明，使用本发明所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂可以大幅度提高草地早熟禾种子的出芽率，减少蝼蚁等昆虫对种子的损害，并且具有抗叶枯病以及全锈病的效果，具体地，其在上述方面的效果与对照组1相比具有极显著性差异，与对照组2相比也具有显著性的差异，其中以实施例2组对应的草地早熟禾拌种剂的使用效果更好。
2.安全环保。草地早熟禾拌种剂与现有的草地早熟禾拌种剂相比，其组分中不仅含有植物来源的生防物质，从而大大减少了化学农药的使用量，其可以显著提高草地早熟禾的抗病能力，并且可以防止蝼蚁等虫类对种子的损害，提高草地早熟禾的抗菌性能。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明。其中下述实施例中，薄荷挥发油的制备方法为：将薄荷粉碎后置于蒸馏器中,加入10倍体积蒸馏水并升温至120-150℃提取,待蒸馏器支管中流下的液体为无色即停止提取，用分液漏斗去除下部蒸馏水即得薄荷挥发油；所述忍冬藤提取物的制备方法为：取忍冬藤干燥品粉碎后过筛，使用50％的丙酮水溶液回流提取2h，过滤，滤渣再用50％的丙酮水溶液回流提取两次，合并提取液，离心后将上清液减压浓缩至相对密度1.05-1.10的浸膏，浸膏烘干至恒重后粉碎，即得忍冬藤提取物。
实施例1本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂
所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水6份、赤霉素0.2份、对氨基苯甲酸0.1份、吲哚乙酸0.3份、对叶百部碱0.05份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.2份、钼酸铵0.2份、伊曲霉素0.2份、β-熊果苷0.4份、复硝酚钠0.2份、硫酸锰0.5份、吐温80 0.3份、薄荷挥发油0.2份、三唑酮0.4份、甲基硫菌灵0.03份、磷酸二氢铵0.2份、氯氟氰菊酯0.15份、山梨醇0.6份、忍冬藤提取物0.3份。
实施例2本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂
所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水7份、赤霉素0.4份、对氨基苯甲酸0.2份、吲哚乙酸0.5份、对叶百部碱0.08份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.4份、钼酸铵0.3份、伊曲霉素0.3份、β-熊果苷0.6份、复硝酚钠0.4份、硫酸锰0.7份、吐温80 0.4份、薄荷挥发油0.3份、三唑酮0.6份、甲基硫菌灵0.05份、磷酸二氢铵0.6份、氯氟氰菊酯0.23份、山梨醇0.7份、忍冬藤提取物0.4份。
实施例3本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂
所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水8份、赤霉素0.6份、对氨基苯甲酸0.3份、吲哚乙酸0.7份、对叶百部碱0.1份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.6份、钼酸铵0.4份、伊曲霉素0.4份、β-熊果苷0.8份、复硝酚钠0.5份、硫酸锰0.9份、吐温80 0.5份、薄荷挥发油0.5份、三唑酮0.7份、甲基硫菌灵0.07份、磷酸二氢铵0.8份、氯氟氰菊酯0.3份、山梨醇0.8份、忍冬藤提取物0.5份。
实施例4本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂
所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水6份、赤霉素0.6份、对氨基苯甲酸0.1份、吲哚乙酸0.7份、对叶百部碱0.05份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.6份、钼酸铵0.2份、伊曲霉素0.4份、β-熊果苷0.4份、复硝酚钠0.5份、硫酸锰0.5份、吐温80 0.5份、薄荷挥发油0.2份、三唑酮0.7份、甲基硫菌灵0.03份、磷酸二氢铵0.8份、氯氟氰菊酯0.15份、山梨醇0.8份、忍冬藤提取物0.3份。
实施例5本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂
所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水8份、赤霉素0.2份、对氨基苯甲酸0.3份、吲哚乙酸0.3份、对叶百部碱0.1份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.2份、钼酸铵0.4份、伊曲霉素0.2份、β-熊果苷0.8份、复硝酚钠0.2份、硫酸锰0.9份、吐温80 0.3份、薄荷挥发油0.5份、三唑酮0.4份、甲基硫菌灵0.07份、磷酸二氢铵0.2份、氯氟氰菊酯0.3份、山梨醇0.6份、忍冬藤提取物0.5份。
实施例6本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂
所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水6-8份、赤霉素0.2-0.6份、对氨基苯甲酸0.1-0.3份、吲哚乙酸0.3-0.7份、对叶百部碱0.05-0.1份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.2-0.6份、钼酸铵0.2-0.4份、伊曲霉素0.2-0.4份、β-熊果苷0.4-0.8份、复硝酚钠0.2-0.5份、硫酸锰0.5-0.9份、吐温80 0.3-0.5份、薄荷挥发油0.2-0.5份、三唑酮0.4-0.7份、甲基硫菌灵0.03-0.07份、磷酸二氢铵0.2-0.8份、氯氟氰菊酯0.15-0.3份、山梨醇0.6-0.8份、忍冬藤提取物0.3-0.5份。
实施例7本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂的性能
使用市售的草地早熟禾种子，分别使用实施例1-实施例2所述的拌种剂进行拌种，测定所述的拌种剂的性能。分别测定6d内出芽率、杂草清除率、早熟禾徳氏霉抑制率以及立枯丝核菌抑制率。设定对照组1和对照组2，对照组1为未加入任何拌种剂的草地早熟禾种子，对照组2为按照201510697407.9实施例1所述的工艺制备得到的拌种剂。所述的拌种剂原料重量百分含量如下：磷酸二氢钾10％、EDTA-Zn 2％、EDTA-Mn 3％、EDTA-Cu 0.5％、硼酸1％、钼酸铵1％、矮壮素0.015％、DA-6 0.02％、复硝酚钠0.006％、乙醇0.3％、黄原胶0.05％、酸性大红G 0.2％和余量的水。上述拌种剂的使用量均为每100公斤种子里面使用8.5公斤。
表1使用本发明草地早熟禾拌种剂的作用效果
由此可见，使用本发明所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂可以大幅度提高草地早熟禾种子的出芽率，减少蝼蚁等昆虫对种子的损害，并且具有抗叶枯病以及全锈病的效果，具体地，其在上述方面的效果与对照组1相比具有极显著性差异，与对照组2相比也具有显著性的差异，其中以实施例2组对应的草地早熟禾拌种剂的使用效果更好。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (5)

1.一种提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，其由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水6-8份、赤霉素0.2-0.6份、对氨基苯甲酸0.1-0.3份、吲哚乙酸0.3-0.7份、对叶百部碱0.05-0.1份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.2-0.6份、钼酸铵0.2-0.4份、伊曲霉素0.2-0.4份、β-熊果苷0.4-0.8份、复硝酚钠0.2-0.5份、硫酸锰0.5-0.9份、吐温80 0.3-0.5份、薄荷挥发油0.2-0.5份、三唑酮0.4-0.7份、甲基硫菌灵0.03-0.07份、磷酸二氢铵0.2-0.8份、氯氟氰菊酯0.15-0.3份、山梨醇0.6-0.8份、忍冬藤提取物0.3-0.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，其特征在于，所述薄荷挥发油的制备方法为：将薄荷粉碎后置于蒸馏器中,加入10倍体积蒸馏水并升温至120-150℃提取,待蒸馏器支管中流下的液体为无色即停止提取，用分液漏斗去除下部蒸馏水即得薄荷挥发油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，其特征在于，所述忍冬藤提取物的制备方法为：取忍冬藤干燥品粉碎后过筛，使用50％的丙酮水溶液回流提取2h，过滤，滤渣再用50％的丙酮水溶液回流提取两次，合并提取液，离心后将上清液减压浓缩至相对密度1.05-1.10的浸膏，浸膏烘干至恒重后粉碎，即得忍冬藤提取物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，其特征在于，所述的绿藻多糖铁复合物的制备方法为：绿藻干燥粉碎后，加入10-20倍体积的水，调pH为9.0-12.0，60-80℃下搅拌提取2-4小时，连续提取2-3次后提取液合并，使用750目滤布过滤得到绿藻多糖提取液；向其中加入柠檬酸调节绿藻多糖提取液的pH为6.5-9.0，将溶液升温至70-90℃，向其中缓慢滴加2mol/L的氯化铁或硫酸铁溶液，直至产生棕红色沉淀，于70-90℃下继续搅拌反应2-6小时，反应液在3500rpm转速下离心10-20分钟，上清液过纳滤膜得到纳滤浓缩液，将纳滤浓缩液喷雾干燥，即得绿藻多糖铁复合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高出芽率和降低病虫害的草地早熟禾拌种剂，其特征在于，所述的草地早熟禾拌种剂由如下重量份的组分组成：自来水7份、赤霉素0.4份、对氨基苯甲酸0.2份、吲哚乙酸0.5份、对叶百部碱0.08份、绿藻多糖铁复合物0.4份、钼酸铵0.3份、伊曲霉素0.3份、β-熊果苷0.6份、复硝酚钠0.4份、硫酸锰0.7份、吐温80 0.4份、薄荷挥发油0.3份、三唑酮0.6份、甲基硫菌灵0.05份、磷酸二氢铵0.6份、氯氟氰菊酯0.23份、山梨醇0.7份、忍冬藤提取物0.4份。
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Application publication date: 20170714