CN106941367A - Multiple-input and multiple-output MIMO processing method and processing device - Google Patents

Multiple-input and multiple-output MIMO processing method and processing device Download PDF

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CN106941367A
CN106941367A CN201610006434.1A CN201610006434A CN106941367A CN 106941367 A CN106941367 A CN 106941367A CN 201610006434 A CN201610006434 A CN 201610006434A CN 106941367 A CN106941367 A CN 106941367A
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base station
channel
terminal
terminals
horizontal
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项飞
张国梅
李�杰
秦洪峰
王绍鹏
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/098603 priority patent/WO2017118077A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/046—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0675—Space-time coding characterised by the signaling

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of multiple-input and multiple-output MIMO processing method and processing device, wherein, this method includes：Base station obtains channel condition information of the terminal on row channel in base station range, and selects multiple terminals of the related sexual satisfaction preparatory condition of terminal according to channel condition information, wherein, row channel is the transmission channel between antenna in terminal and base station vertical direction；Base station determines that multiple terminals carry out the beamforming vector that pre-coding matrix calculating is obtained in vertical direction according to channel condition information；Base station obtains horizontal channel corresponding with beamforming vector according to beamforming vector, and pre-coding matrix calculating is carried out in the horizontal direction of horizontal channel by preset rules.By the present invention, solve 3D MIMO pre-coding matrix computings in correlation technique complexity it is high the problem of.

Description

Method and device for processing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for processing MIMO.
Background
A large-scale Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system can greatly improve system spectrum efficiency and system capacity, but in an actual system, due to the limitations of antenna size and base station space, it is impossible to place a large number of antennas in the horizontal direction. To solve this problem, 3D-MIMO (3-Dimension MIMO), also called (Full-Dimension MIMO, FD-MIMO for short), is introduced to solve the practical implementation problem of massive MIMO. A base station in a 3D-MIMO system adopts a 2D area array active antenna, so that signals of a user and a base station end can be transmitted in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the vertical degree of freedom of a channel can be excavated. Therefore, the 3D-MIMO precoding design is not limited to the traditional horizontal direction, and the user beamforming vector can be designed in the vertical direction, so that the interference suppression is better realized.
The precoding method in the conventional MIMO system, such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Zero Forcing (ZF), and Signal to Leakage noise Ratio (SLNR), can achieve better performance. However, in 3D-MIMO with a large number of antennas, the computational complexity of these algorithms increases as the number of antennas increases. Therefore, it is very necessary to research a precoding algorithm of 3D-MIMO with low complexity. In 3D-MIMO precoding research in the related art, one is to reduce the computational complexity by solving a simpler solution form through mathematical approximation; the other idea is to design two dimensions by using the structural characteristics of a 2D area array, thereby realizing the reduction of complexity. The first method can reduce the operation complexity to some extent, but the number of antennas is increased, the channel matrix dimension is very large, and this inevitably leads to the high complexity of the matrix operation; the second method is to reduce the complexity of 3D-MIMO fundamentally, and is generally implemented by a vertical and horizontal pre-coding design, but at present, the discussion of this method is mostly developed in a single-user MIMO scenario, which is not practical.
Aiming at the problem of high complexity of 3D-MIMO precoding matrix operation in the related technology, no effective solution exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for processing a multi-input multi-output (MIMO), which are used for at least solving the problem of high complexity of 3D-MIMO precoding matrix operation in the related technology.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a method for processing MIMO is provided, including: a base station acquires channel state information of terminals in a row channel within the coverage area of the base station, and selects a plurality of terminals of which the terminal correlation meets a preset condition according to the channel state information, wherein the row channel is a transmission channel between the terminals and antennas in the vertical direction of the base station; the base station determines a beam forming vector obtained by the precoding matrix calculation of the plurality of terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information; and the base station obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beam forming vector according to the beam forming vector, and performs precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel through a preset rule.
Further, the acquiring, by the base station, the channel state information of the terminal within the coverage of the base station includes: the base station sends a channel state information reference symbol CSI-RS to a terminal within the coverage of the base station; and the base station receives the channel state information sent by the terminal after the terminal measures the channel according to the CSI-RS.
Further, the selecting, by the base station, a plurality of terminals whose terminal correlations satisfy a preset condition according to the channel state information includes: the base station determines the preset number of the plurality of terminals meeting preset conditions in advance; the base station selects a terminal with the best channel characteristics as an initial terminal according to the channel state information; the base station acquires a plurality of chordal distances between the selected initial terminal and a plurality of terminals to be selected; and the base station selects a preset number of the terminals which are farthest from the initial terminal from the plurality of chordal distances.
Further, before the base station determines, according to the channel state information, beamforming vectors obtained by performing precoding matrix calculation on the plurality of terminals in the vertical direction, the method further includes: the base station configures a 2D uniform area array (UPA), wherein the 2D uniform area array (UPA) comprises: n is a radical oft＝Nh×NvRoot antenna, NhThe number of horizontal array antennas, NvConfiguring N for each terminal in k terminals randomly distributed in each cell of the base station by the base station for the number of vertical row antennasr1 antenna; hkRepresenting a 3D channel matrix (N) of a k terminal to the base stationr×(Nh×Nv) Dimension), said Channel matrix (N) representing the user to base station ith column antennar×NvVitamin), i ═ 1,2.. NhK is a positive integer with a value of 1,2, …, S,where S represents the number of users in the current group.
Further, the base station determines a beamforming vector obtained by performing precoding matrix calculation on the plurality of terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information by using the following formula: the base station is based on the channel information of each columnCalculating the beam forming vector in the vertical direction((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension) as shown in the following formula:wherein each column of channel information is The ith column channel matrix (N) representing the kth userr×NvDimension); vertical direction beam forming vector((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension(s),the maximum generalized eigenvalue of (2) corresponds to the eigenvector,p is the transmission power, nkReceiving noise, σ, for each terminal2Is the noise power.
Further, the base station obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beamforming vector according to the beamforming vector, and the precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel according to a preset rule includes: the base station forms the beam forming vectorApplied to each column of vertical channels, the horizontal channel is calculated by the formula:dimension Nr×NhK is 1,2, …, S; the base station adopts zero forcing ZF criterion to calculate the plurality of terminal precoding matrixes in the horizontal direction on the horizontal channelOrder to((Nr×S)×NhDimension) and then the precoding matrix is obtained by the following formula(Nh× S dimension) where each column represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the corresponding user, i.e.The k-th column of the above matrix represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the k-th user, wherein,representing the equivalent horizontal channel for the kth user,is thatThe conjugate transpose of (c).
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing apparatus for MIMO, applied to a base station, comprising: an obtaining module, configured to obtain channel state information of a terminal in a row channel within a coverage area of the base station, and select a plurality of terminals whose terminal correlations satisfy a preset condition according to the channel state information, where the row channel is a transmission channel between the terminal and an antenna in a direction perpendicular to the base station; a determining module, configured to determine, according to the channel state information, a beamforming vector obtained by performing precoding matrix calculation on the multiple terminals in the vertical direction; and the processing module is used for obtaining a horizontal channel corresponding to the beamforming vector according to the beamforming vector and calculating a precoding matrix in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel through a preset rule.
Further, the obtaining module comprises: a sending unit, configured to send a channel state information reference symbol CSI-RS to a terminal within a coverage of the base station; and the receiving unit is used for receiving the channel state information sent by the terminal after the terminal measures the channel according to the CSI-RS.
Further, the obtaining module further comprises: a determining unit configured to determine in advance a predetermined number of the plurality of terminals that satisfy a preset condition; a first selecting unit, configured to select a terminal with the best channel characteristics as an initial terminal according to the channel state information; an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a plurality of chordal distances between the selected initial terminal and a plurality of terminals to be selected; a second selecting unit, configured to select a predetermined number of the plurality of terminals farthest from the initial terminal chord distance from the plurality of chord distances.
Further, before the base station determines the beamforming vectors obtained by the precoding matrix calculation performed by the plurality of terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information, the apparatus further includes: a first configuration module for configuring a 2D uniform area array UPA, wherein the 2D uniform area array UPA comprises：Nt＝Nh×NvRoot antenna, NhThe number of horizontal array antennas, NvA second configuration module for configuring N for each of k terminals randomly distributed in each cell of the base stationr1 antenna; hkRepresenting a 3D channel matrix (N) of a k terminal to the base stationr×(Nh×Nv) Dimension), said Channel matrix (N) representing the user to base station ith column antennar×NvVitamin), i ═ 1,2.. NhAnd k is a positive integer.
Further, the determining module is further configured to determine channel information according to each columnCalculating the beam forming vector in the vertical direction((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension) as shown in the following formula:
wherein each column of channel information is The ith column channel matrix (N) representing the kth userr×NvDimension); vertical direction beam forming vector((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension(s),the maximum generalized eigenvalue of (2) corresponds to the eigenvector,p is the transmission power, nkReceiving noise, σ, for each terminal2Is the noise power.
Further, the processing module comprises: a first calculating unit for forming the beamforming vectorApplied to each column of vertical channels, the horizontal channel is calculated as shown in the following equation:dimension Nr×NhK is 1,2, …, S; a second calculation unit for calculating the plurality of terminal precoding matrices in the horizontal direction on the horizontal channel using a zero-forcing ZF criterionOrder to((Nr×S)×NhDimension) and then the precoding matrix is obtained by the following formula(Nh× S dimension) where each column represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the corresponding user, i.e.Being a matrix of the aboveA kth column, representing an equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the kth user, wherein,representing the equivalent horizontal channel for the kth user,is thatThe conjugate transpose of (c).
According to the invention, the base station acquires the channel state information of the terminals in the coverage area of the base station on the column channel, and selects a plurality of terminals of which the terminal correlation meets the preset condition according to the channel state information, wherein the column channel is a transmission channel between the terminals and the antenna in the vertical direction of the base station; and then the base station determines a beamforming vector obtained by the multiple terminals through precoding matrix calculation in the vertical direction according to the channel state information, obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beamforming vector according to the beamforming vector, and performs precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel through a preset rule.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a processing method of multiple-input multiple-output MIMO according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a processing apparatus for MIMO according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an alternative architecture of a MIMO processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an alternative architecture of a MIMO processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an alternative architecture of a MIMO processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a 3D MU-MIMO system in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram comparing CDF curves of SINR for three schemes in a base station 8 x 8 uniform area array antenna configuration according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram comparing CDF curves of SINR for three schemes in a base station 8 x 16 uniform area array antenna configuration according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph illustrating a comparison of the spectral efficiency per user for different schemes when the base station deploys different numbers of antennas in the vertical direction according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
fig. 10 is a diagram of CDF curves for different schemes of SINR when the maximize SLNR criterion is used instead of the second-step precoding ZF criterion, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
In the present embodiment, a method for processing MIMO is provided, and fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for processing MIMO according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the flowchart includes the following steps:
step S102: the method comprises the steps that a base station obtains channel state information of terminals in a row channel in the coverage area of the base station, and selects a plurality of terminals of which the terminal correlation meets a preset condition according to the channel state information, wherein the row channel is a transmission channel between the terminals and antennas in the vertical direction of the base station;
step S104: the base station determines a beam forming vector obtained by precoding matrix calculation of a plurality of terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information;
step S106: and the terminal obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beam forming vector according to the beam forming vector, and performs precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel through a preset rule.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the base station acquires the channel state information of the terminals in the row channel in the coverage area of the base station, and selects a plurality of terminals of which the terminal correlation meets the preset condition according to the channel state information, wherein the row channel is a transmission channel between the terminals and the antenna in the vertical direction of the base station; and then the base station determines a beamforming vector obtained by the multiple terminals through precoding matrix calculation in the vertical direction according to the channel state information, obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beamforming vector according to the beamforming vector, and performs precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel through a preset rule.
As to the manner in which the base station acquires the channel state information of the terminal within the coverage of the base station in step S102 in this embodiment, in an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the following manner may be implemented:
step S102-1: a base station sends a channel state information reference symbol CSI-RS to a terminal within the coverage of the base station;
step S102-2: and the base station receives the channel state information sent by the terminal after the terminal measures the channel according to the CSI-RS.
Based on the above step S102-1 and step S102-2, after the base station acquires the channel state information, selecting a plurality of terminals whose terminal correlations satisfy the preset conditions according to the channel state information, where the manner of acquiring the plurality of terminals includes:
step S102-3: the base station determines the preset number of the plurality of terminals meeting the preset condition in advance;
step S102-4: the base station selects a terminal with the best channel characteristics as an initial terminal according to the channel state information;
step S102-5: the base station acquires a plurality of chordal distances between the selected initial terminal and a plurality of terminals to be selected;
step S102-6: and the base station selects a preset number of terminals which are farthest from the initial terminal in chordal distance from the plurality of chordal distances.
In another optional implementation manner of this embodiment, before the base station determines, according to the channel state information, a beamforming vector obtained by performing precoding matrix calculation on a plurality of terminals in a vertical direction, the method of this embodiment further includes:
step S11: the base station configures a 2D uniform area array (UPA), wherein the 2D uniform area array (UPA) comprises: n is a radical oft＝Nh×NvRoot antenna, NhIs horizontalNumber of directional antenna array, NvThe number of the vertical line antennas is the same,
step S12: the base station configures N for each of k terminals randomly distributed in each cell of the base stationr1 antenna; hkRepresenting the 3D channel matrix (N) of the kth terminal to the base stationr×(Nh×Nv) Dimension(s), channel matrix (N) representing the user to base station ith column antennar×NvVitamin), i ═ 1,2.. NhK is a positive integer, and the value of k is 1,2, …, S, where S represents the number of users in the current group.
Based on the above steps S11 and S12, the base station in this embodiment determines a beamforming vector obtained by performing precoding matrix calculation on multiple terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information by using the following formula:
the base station is based on the channel information of each columnComputing vertical beamforming vectors((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension) as shown in the following formula:
wherein each column of channel information is The ith column channel matrix (N) representing the kth userr×NvDimension); vertical direction beam forming vector((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension(s),the maximum generalized eigenvalue of (2) corresponds to the eigenvector,p is the transmission power, nkReceiving noise, σ, for each terminal2Is the noise power.
Based on the beamforming vector, the base station in this embodiment obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beamforming vector according to the beamforming vector, and performs precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel according to a preset rule, which may be implemented as follows:
step S21: base station beam forming vectorApplied to each column of vertical channels, the horizontal channel is calculated as shown in the following equation:dimension Nr×NhK is 1,2, …, S;
step S22: the base station adopts zero forcing ZF criterion to calculate a plurality of terminal precoding matrixes in the horizontal direction on a horizontal channelOrder to((Nr×S)×NhDimension) and then the precoding matrix is obtained by the following formula(Nh× S dimension) where each column represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the corresponding user, i.e.The kth column of the above matrix represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the kth user. Wherein,representing the equivalent horizontal channel for the kth user,is thatThe conjugate transpose of (c).
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the method according to the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but the former is a better implementation mode in many cases. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (e.g., ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal device (e.g., a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
In this embodiment, a processing apparatus for MIMO is further provided, where the apparatus is used to implement the foregoing embodiments and preferred embodiments, and the description already given is omitted for brevity. As used below, the term "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a MIMO processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a base station side, and as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus includes: an obtaining module 22, configured to obtain channel state information of a terminal on a column channel within a coverage area of a base station, and select a plurality of terminals whose terminal correlations satisfy a preset condition according to the channel state information, where the column channel is a transmission channel between terminals and antennas in a direction perpendicular to the base station; the determining module 24 is coupled to the obtaining module 22, and configured to determine, according to the channel state information, a beamforming vector obtained by performing precoding matrix calculation on the multiple terminals in the vertical direction; and the processing module 26 is coupled to the determining module 24, and configured to obtain a horizontal channel corresponding to the beamforming vector according to the beamforming vector, and perform precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel according to a preset rule.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an alternative structure of a MIMO processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the obtaining module 22 includes: a sending unit 302, configured to send a channel state information reference symbol CSI-RS to a terminal in a coverage area of a base station; and a receiving unit 304, coupled to the sending unit 302, configured to receive channel state information sent by the terminal after the terminal measures a channel according to the CSI-RS.
In addition, the obtaining module 22 further includes: a determining unit 306, coupled to the receiving unit 304, for determining in advance a predetermined number of the plurality of terminals that satisfy a preset condition; a first selecting unit 308, coupled to the determining unit 306, configured to select a terminal with the best channel characteristics as an initial terminal according to the channel state information; an obtaining unit 310, coupled to the selecting unit 308, configured to obtain a plurality of chordal distances between the selected initial terminal and a plurality of terminals to be selected; and a second selecting unit 312, coupled to the obtaining unit 310, for selecting a predetermined number of terminals from the plurality of chordal distances, which are farthest from the initial terminal chordal distance.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an optional structure of a processing apparatus of MIMO according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, before a base station determines beamforming vectors obtained by performing precoding matrix calculation on a plurality of terminals in a vertical direction according to channel state information, the apparatus further includes: a first configuration module 42 coupled to the second configuration module 44 for configuring a 2D uniform area array UPA, wherein the 2D uniform area array UPA includes: n is a radical oft＝Nh×NvRoot antenna, NhThe number of horizontal array antennas, NvThe number of the vertical direction line antennas; a second configuring module 44, coupled to the obtaining module 22, configured to configure N for each of k terminals randomly distributed in each cell of the base stationr1 antenna; hkRepresenting the 3D channel matrix (N) of the kth terminal to the base stationr×(Nh×Nv) Dimension(s), channel matrix (N) representing the user to base station ith column antennar×NvVitamin), i ═ 1,2.. NhAnd k is a positive integer.
Based on the first configuration module 42 and the second configuration module in fig. 4, the determination module 24 in this embodiment is further configured to determine the channel information according to each columnComputing vertical beamforming vectors((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension) as shown in the following formula:
wherein each column of channel information is The ith column channel matrix (N) representing the kth userr×NvDimension); vertical direction beam forming vector((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension(s),the maximum generalized eigenvalue of (2) corresponds to the eigenvector,p is the transmission power, nkReceiving noise, σ, for each terminal2Is the noise power.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an alternative structure of a processing apparatus of MIMO according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the processing module 26 includes: a first calculating unit 52 for forming the beamforming vectorApplied to each column of vertical channels, the horizontal channel is calculated as shown in the following equation:a second calculating unit 54 coupled to the first calculating unit 52 for calculating a plurality of terminal precoding matrices in the horizontal direction on the horizontal channel by using a zero forcing ZF criterionOrder to((Nr×S)×NhDimension) and then the precoding matrix is obtained by the following formula(Nh× S dimension) where each column represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the corresponding user, i.e.The kth column of the above matrix represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the kth user. Wherein,representing the equivalent horizontal channel for the kth user,is thatThe conjugate transpose of (c).
It should be noted that, the above modules may be implemented by software or hardware, and for the latter, the following may be implemented, but not limited to: the modules are all positioned in the same processor; alternatively, the modules are respectively located in a plurality of processors.
The invention will be illustrated below with reference to alternative embodiments thereof;
the optional embodiment provides a method for reducing system complexity, and the technical scheme of the method is summarized as a two-step precoding and user selection scheme suitable for a 3D scene. The detailed process may be: the base station selects users according to the column channel correlation of the users (corresponding to the terminals in the above embodiments), and selects users with poor column channel correlation and serving on the same time-frequency resource. Then two pre-coding steps are carried out: the first step is as follows: according to column channel information of users, a beam forming vector in the vertical direction is designed, and the purpose of distinguishing the users in the vertical direction is achieved; the second step is that: and calculating an equivalent horizontal channel by using the vertical beamforming vector designed in the first step, and designing a precoding matrix in the horizontal direction by using a Zero Forcing (ZF) method according to the equivalent horizontal channel. It should be noted that the column channel refers to a transmission channel between a column of antennas in the vertical direction between the user and the base station. By the method of the optional embodiment, the interference among users can be greatly reduced.
The following describes the procedure of the transmission method for reducing the system complexity according to the present alternative embodiment:
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a 3D MU-MIMO system according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 6, where a base station is deployed with a 2D uniform area array (UPA), and a BS represents the base station; MS represents a user; the system comprises a base station and K randomly distributed users, wherein the base station is configured with a 2D uniform area array (UPA) comprising Nt＝Nh×NvRoot antenna, NhThe number of horizontal array antennas, NvFor the number of vertical line antennas, each user is provided with Nr1 antenna. HkRepresenting the 3D channel matrix (N) from the k-th user to the base stationr×(Nh×Nv) Dimension), for convenience of subsequent representation, orderWherein(i＝1,2...Nh) Representing the channel matrix (N) from the user to the i-th column antennar×NvDimension). Suppose the base station transmitting power is P and each user receiving noise is nkNoise power of σ2。
Received signal y of user kkCan be expressed as:
wherein, in the formula (1), xkA transmission signal for the kth user;a vertical precoding matrix representing the k-th user, whereinIs Nv× 1 dimensional vector, and (Nh× 1 the dimension of the Chinese herbal medicine is ×,) A precoding matrix representing the horizontal direction of the k-th user. The received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the kth user can be obtained from equation (1), as shown in equation (2):
the total spectral efficiency of the system and the average spectral efficiency per user are shown in formula (3) and formula (4), respectively:
based on the above analysis, the technical solution of the low-complexity 3D MU-MIMO transmission scheme provided in this optional embodiment is as follows:
in the first stage of the process, the first stage,the base station sends CSI-RS to the user, the user measures channel state information according to the received CSI-RS, then the channel state information is fed back to the base station, the base station selects the user by a chordal distance method according to the channel state information fed back by the user, and S (S is less than or equal to N) with small user correlation in the vertical direction is selectedh) A collection of users is served. The method steps of the user selection include:
step S41: an initial user set Ω ═ {1, 2.. K } is defined, and a set of selected users is initialized
Step S42: the first user is selected using the Proportional Fair (PF) criterion, namely:updating the remaining set of users Ω ═ Ω - { s1And the selected user set γ ═ γ + { s1And orderThe ith column of the channel matrix representing the initial user;
step S43: for 2 users, the selection is carried out according to the maximum rule of chord distanceUpdating the remaining users and the selected set omega-sl}，γ＝γ+{slAnd update
Step S44: the loop ends after the S-th user is selected, and the algorithm terminates.
Note that, the chord distance: is a quantity for representing the correlation between matrixes (vectors), and the larger the chord distance is, the smaller the correlation between matrixes (vectors) is. The definition is as follows:
whereinIs a matrix (vector) H1，H2And (3) obtaining an orthonormal base after Schmidt orthogonalization.
In the second stage, the base station side calculates two pre-coding matrixes for the selected user set, and the two pre-coding matrixes are divided into the following two steps:
the first step is as follows: the base station is based on the channel information of each column of usersCalculating the shaped vector of each beam in the vertical direction by taking the maximum signal-to-leakage-noise ratio (SLNR) in the vertical direction as a criterion(Nv× 1 d), as shown in the following formula:
s.t, among others.k＝1,...,S
The solution to this problem is:the maximum generalized eigenvalue of (6)
Wherein, the ith column channel matrix (N) representing the kth userr×NvDimension).
Thus, the final precoding matrix in the vertical direction is:
the second step is that: forming the vertical wave beam formed vector obtained in the first stepThe equivalent horizontal channel obtained by applying the method to each column of vertical channels is shown as follows:
designing multi-user precoding matrix in horizontal direction by adopting Zero Forcing (ZF) criterionOrder to
WhereinRepresenting the equivalent horizontal channel for the kth user,is thatThe conjugate transpose of (c). Then the horizontal precoding matrix is as follows:
the above process is described below with reference to the flow of this alternative embodiment;
1. acquiring channel state information of a base station:
step S31: a base station sends a channel state information reference symbol (CSI-RS) to a user;
step S32: the user carries out channel measurement according to the received CSI-RS;
step S33: the user feeds back the measured channel to the base station;
2. the user selects, and the process can be:
the base station defines an initial user set omega {1, 2.. K } according to the number of users of the service, and initializes the set of selected users
According to the obtained user channel state information, firstly, selecting a user with the largest listed channel norm as a selected initial user, namelyAnd updates the remaining users and the set of selected users,Ω＝Ω-{s1}，γ＝γ+{s1}；
for 2 users, the selection is carried out according to the maximum rule of chord distanceUpdating remaining users and selected collectionsΩ＝Ω-{sl}，γ＝γ+{sl}
The loop ends after the S-th user is selected, and the algorithm terminates.
And 3, precoding:
the base station obtains the vertical direction beam forming vector according to the solution of the step (5)Base station obtains vertical beam forming vectorThen, according to equations (8) to (10), a horizontal precoding matrix is calculatedAnd after the user selection and the pre-coding operation are finished, signal transmission is carried out according to the signal model of the formula (1). It should be noted that the signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio refers to a ratio of a signal power of a target user to a sum of an interference power and a noise power leaked to other users.
It can be seen that, according to the user selection scheme applicable to two-step precoding in the 3d mimo system provided by the optional embodiment, before precoding, user selection is performed according to the correlation of user column channels, and a user with poor correlation of user column channels is selected for service. 2) A new two-step 3D multi-user precoding scheme is presented that differs from both the traditional single-step precoding and the existing two-step precoding: step one, designing a vertical direction for beam forming according to a vertical direction SLNR maximization criterion, wherein the weighting vectors of all rows of antennas are the same; and secondly, performing MU-MIMO precoding in the horizontal direction by using the equivalent channel.
The following describes the alternative embodiment of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof;
the first embodiment is as follows:
in this alternative embodiment, the 3D-UMi single cell with 100 users is taken as an example, and the WINNER ii/+ 3D channel model of the channel between the base station and the user is used. The base station configures the antennas into 8 × 8 uniform area arrays, that is, 8 rows of antennas in the horizontal direction, 8 columns of antennas in the vertical direction, and the horizontal and vertical antenna spacing is 0.5 λ (λ represents wavelength). Each user is equipped with a single antenna. The antenna downtilt angle was set to 16 degrees. The base station transmitting Power is 44dBm, and the Noise Power is 174 dBm/Hz. 20 Drop are simulated, each Drop containing 100 TTIs.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing CDF curves of SINR for three schemes under the configuration of a base station 8 × 8 uniform area array antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the simulation compares this scheme with a conventional scheme without vertical beamforming (denoted as NV scheme in fig. 7) and a scheme with random beamforming in the vertical direction (denoted as RV scheme in fig. 7); this alternative embodiment scheme is compared to the NV scheme and RV scheme. Cumulative Distribution (CDF) curves of signal to interference and noise ratios (SINRs) for the three schemes are compared as shown in fig. 7. Under the 8 × 8 antenna configuration, the user SINR distribution of the scheme of this alternative embodiment is significantly better than that of the NV scheme and the RV scheme. Table 1 shows the average spectral efficiency per user under 8 × 8 antenna configuration, and it can be seen that the scheme of this optional embodiment is improved by 20.64% compared with the NV scheme, and the RV scheme can only be improved by 10.04% compared with the NV scheme.
TABLE 1
Example two:
the alternative embodiment has the same application scenario as the first embodiment, and only changes the antenna configuration of the base station to an 8 × 16 uniform area array, that is, the number of antennas in the vertical direction is changed to 16.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating CDF curves of SINR of three schemes in a base station 8 × 16 uniform area array antenna configuration according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and comparing the scheme of the second embodiment with the NV scheme and the RV, the CDF curves of user SINR of the three schemes are as shown in fig. 8, and the alternative embodiment can achieve better performance in the 8 × 16 antenna configuration. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the spectral efficiency per user of different schemes when the base station deploys different numbers of antennas in the vertical direction according to the alternative embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 9, a comparison of the average spectral efficiency per user is given when the number of antennas in the vertical direction is 8 and 16, and it can be seen that higher user spectral efficiency can be achieved when the number of antennas in the vertical direction is 16 than when the number of antennas in the vertical direction is 8. Further, table 2 is an average spectral efficiency table per user under 8 × 16 antenna configuration, and it can be seen from table 2 that, when the number of antennas in the vertical direction is 16, the average spectral efficiency performance per user of this optional embodiment is improved by 38.57% compared with the NV scheme, and compared with the NV scheme, the performance of the RV scheme can only be improved by 21.17%.
TABLE 2
Algorithm Average spectral efficiency per user (bit/s/Hz) Percentage increase from NV protocol (%)
Second embodiment 1.3508 38.57
RV scheme 1.1812 21.17
NV scheme 0.9748
Example three:
for the above mentioned precoding, the base station in this embodiment uses an alternative maximum SLNR criterion, and other application scenario parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The present embodiment is compared with the NV scheme and the RV scheme in this scenario. Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of CDF curves of SINRs of different schemes when the maximization SLNR criterion is used instead of the precoding ZF criterion of the second step according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 10, Cumulative Distribution (CDF) curves of signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the three schemes are compared. It can be seen that similar performance can be achieved with the maximize SLNR criterion as with the ZF criterion in embodiment one. Table 3 shows that the average spectral efficiency per user under the scenario is given by the step shown in table 3, which shows that the scheme of the present invention is improved by 22.12% compared to the NV scheme, and the RV scheme is improved by 11.20% compared to the NV scheme, which further shows that the second step can adopt the SLNR criterion instead of the ZF criterion.
TABLE 3
Algorithm Average spectral efficiency per user (bit/s/Hz) Percentage increase from NV protocol (%)
Third embodiment 1.1797 22.12
RV scheme 1.0742 11.20
NV scheme 0.9660
And (3) analyzing the computational complexity of the system:
from the view of computational complexity, the main computational complexity of the 3D pre-coding algorithm of the scheme of the invention is that the first step is N pairsv×NvEigenvalue decomposition of the dimensional matrix, and a second step for Nh×NhInversion of the dimensional matrix (decomposition of eigenvalues when maximizing SLNR), the total computational complexity isUnder the condition of the number of antennas, the complexity of the traditional one-step precoding algorithm is as follows: o ((N)v×Nh)3). Suppose Nv＝8，NhThe complexity of the scheme of the invention is then o (2 × 8)3) The complexity of the conventional algorithm is O (64)3)＝Ο(85) It follows that the complexity of the conventional algorithm is much higher than that of the inventive scheme, except that the user selection of the inventive scheme is simply by column channel (1 × N)vDimension) while the conventional scheme would be to have the entire channel (1 × (N) if the same user selection scheme were usedh×Nv) Dimension) and the computational complexity is much higher than that of the scheme of the embodiment. In summary, the optional embodiment can ensure the performance and greatly reduce the complexity of the system when the number of antennas is large.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a storage medium. Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the storage medium may be configured to store program codes for performing the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps that a base station obtains channel state information of terminals in a row channel in the coverage area of the base station, and selects a plurality of terminals of which the terminal correlation meets a preset condition according to the channel state information, wherein the row channel is a transmission channel between the terminals and antennas in the vertical direction of the base station;
s2: the base station determines a beam forming vector obtained by precoding matrix calculation of a plurality of terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information;
s3: and the terminal obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beam forming vector according to the beam forming vector, and performs precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel through a preset rule.
Optionally, the specific examples in this embodiment may refer to the examples described in the above embodiments and optional implementation manners, and this embodiment is not described herein again.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the present invention described above may be implemented by a general purpose computing device, they may be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices, and alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by a computing device, such that they may be stored in a storage device and executed by a computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than that described herein, or they may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple ones of them may be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. A method for processing MIMO, comprising:
a base station acquires channel state information of terminals in a row channel within the coverage area of the base station, and selects a plurality of terminals of which the terminal correlation meets a preset condition according to the channel state information, wherein the row channel is a transmission channel between the terminals and antennas in the vertical direction of the base station;
the base station determines a beam forming vector obtained by the precoding matrix calculation of the plurality of terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information;
and the base station obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beam forming vector according to the beam forming vector, and performs precoding matrix calculation in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel through a preset rule.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the base station acquiring the channel state information of the terminals within the coverage of the base station comprises:
the base station sends a channel state information reference symbol CSI-RS to a terminal within the coverage of the base station;
and the base station receives the channel state information sent by the terminal after the terminal measures the channel according to the CSI-RS.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the base station selecting a plurality of terminals whose terminal correlations satisfy a predetermined condition according to the channel state information comprises:
the base station determines the preset number of the plurality of terminals meeting preset conditions in advance;
the base station selects a terminal with the best channel characteristics as an initial terminal according to the channel state information;
the base station acquires a plurality of chordal distances between the selected initial terminal and a plurality of terminals to be selected;
and the base station selects a preset number of the terminals which are farthest from the initial terminal from the plurality of chordal distances.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the base station determines the beamforming vectors calculated by the plurality of terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information, the method further comprises:
the base station configures a 2D uniform area array (UPA), wherein the 2D uniform area array (UPA) comprises: n is a radical oft＝Nh×NvRoot antenna, NhThe number of horizontal array antennas, NvThe number of the vertical line antennas is the same,
the base station configures N for each terminal in k terminals randomly distributed in each cell of the base stationr1 antenna; hkRepresenting a 3D channel matrix (N) of a k terminal to the base stationr×(Nh×Nv) Dimension), said Channel matrix (N) representing the user to base station ith column antennar×NvVitamin), i ═ 1,2.. NhAnd k is a positive integer and takes the value of 1,2, … and S, wherein S represents the number of users in the current group.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the base station determines a beamforming vector calculated by the precoding matrix of the plurality of terminals in the vertical direction according to the channel state information by using the following formula:
the base station is based on the channel information of each columnCalculating the beam forming vector in the vertical direction((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension) as shown in the following formula:
wherein each column of channel information is The ith column channel matrix (N) representing the kth userr×NvDimension); vertical direction beam forming vector((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension(s), the maximum generalized eigenvalue of (2) corresponds to the eigenvector, p is the transmission power, nkReceiving noise, σ, for each terminal2Is the noise power.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the base station obtains a horizontal channel corresponding to the beamforming vector according to the beamforming vector, and performing precoding matrix calculation in a horizontal direction of the horizontal channel according to a preset rule comprises:
the base station forms the beam forming vectorApplied to each column of vertical channels, the horizontal channel is calculated by the formula:dimension Nr×NhK is 1,2, …, S;
said baseThe station adopts zero forcing ZF criterion to calculate the plurality of terminal precoding matrixes in the horizontal direction on the horizontal channelOrder to((Nr×S)×NhDimension) and then the precoding matrix is obtained by the following formula(Nh× S dimension) where each column represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the corresponding user, i.e.The k-th column of the above matrix represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the k-th user, wherein,representing the equivalent horizontal channel for the kth user,is thatThe conjugate transpose of (c).
7. A processing device for MIMO is applied to a base station side, and is characterized by comprising:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain channel state information of a terminal in a row channel within a coverage area of the base station, and select a plurality of terminals whose terminal correlations satisfy a preset condition according to the channel state information, where the row channel is a transmission channel between the terminal and an antenna in a direction perpendicular to the base station;
a determining module, configured to determine, according to the channel state information, a beamforming vector obtained by performing precoding matrix calculation on the multiple terminals in the vertical direction;
and the processing module is used for obtaining a horizontal channel corresponding to the beamforming vector according to the beamforming vector and calculating a precoding matrix in the horizontal direction of the horizontal channel through a preset rule.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the obtaining module comprises:
a sending unit, configured to send a channel state information reference symbol CSI-RS to a terminal within a coverage of the base station;
and the receiving unit is used for receiving the channel state information sent by the terminal after the terminal measures the channel according to the CSI-RS.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the obtaining module further comprises:
a determining unit configured to determine in advance a predetermined number of the plurality of terminals that satisfy a preset condition;
a first selecting unit, configured to select a terminal with the best channel characteristics as an initial terminal according to the channel state information;
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a plurality of chordal distances between the selected initial terminal and a plurality of terminals to be selected;
a second selecting unit, configured to select a predetermined number of the plurality of terminals farthest from the initial terminal chord distance from the plurality of chord distances.
10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein before the base station determines, according to the channel state information, beamforming vectors obtained by precoding matrix calculation performed by the plurality of terminals in a vertical direction, the apparatus further comprises:
a first configuration module configured to configure a 2D uniform area array UPA, wherein the 2D uniform area array UPA includes: n is a radical oft＝Nh×NvRoot antenna, NhThe number of horizontal array antennas, NvThe number of the vertical line antennas is the same,
a second configuration module, configured to configure N for each of k terminals randomly distributed in each cell of the base stationr1 antenna; hkRepresenting a 3D channel matrix (N) of a k terminal to the base stationr×(Nh×Nv) Dimension), said Channel matrix (N) representing the user to base station ith column antennar×NvVitamin), i ═ 1,2.. NhAnd k is a positive integer.
11. The apparatus of claim 10,
the determining module is further configured to determine channel information according to each columnCalculating the beam forming vector in the vertical direction((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension) as shown in the following formula:
wherein each column of channel information is The ith column channel matrix (N) representing the kth userr×NvDimension); vertical direction beam forming vector((Nh×Nv)×NhDimension(s), the maximum generalized eigenvalue of (2) corresponds to the eigenvector, p is the transmission power, nkReceiving noise, σ, for each terminal2Is the noise power.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing module comprises:
a first calculating unit for forming the beamforming vectorApplied to each column of vertical channels, the horizontal channel is calculated as shown in the following equation:dimension Nr×NhK is 1,2, …, S;
a second calculation unit for calculating the plurality of terminal precoding matrices in the horizontal direction on the horizontal channel using a zero-forcing ZF criterionOrder to H ~ = [ ( H ~ 1 h ) H , ( H ~ 2 h ) H ... ( H ~ S h ) H ] H ((Nr×S)×NhDimension) and then the precoding matrix is obtained by the following formula(Nh× S dimension) where each column represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the corresponding user, i.e.The k-th column of the above matrix represents the equivalent horizontal precoding matrix for the k-th user, wherein,representing the equivalent horizontal channel for the kth user,is thatThe conjugate transpose of (c).
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