CN104184690B - Double-layer pre-coding method applicable to 3D MIMO system - Google Patents
Double-layer pre-coding method applicable to 3D MIMO system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-layer pre-coding method applicable to a 3D MIMO system. In the 3D MIMO system, an active antenna array system is adopted for a base station, a receiving terminal conducts channel estimation on a signal after receiving the signal, and a three-dimensional channel matrix is obtained; as relevancy in the vertical direction is stronger than relevancy in the horizontal direction in a channel, a vertical pre-coding matrix is designed first according to the three-dimensional channel matrix, mergence in the vertical direction is carried out on the three-dimensional channel matrix then, and a horizontal pre-coding matrix is designed next; finally, the two pre-coding matrixes are merged and fed back to the base station. The double-layer pre-coding method applicable to the 3D MIMO system has the advantages that vertical and horizontal state information in the channel is fully utilized, complexity rather than performance is reduced greatly compared with a method in which a pre-coding matrix is obtained by directly carrying out singular value decomposition on the three-dimensional channel matrix, further codebook design and limiting feedback are carried out conveniently, and performance of the system is improved largely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for precoding, and in particular to a kind of double-deck precoding side suitable for 3D mimo systems
Method, belongs to wireless communication technology field.
Background technology
In the middle of existing cellular system, transmission end of base station wave beam is only capable of being adjusted in level dimension, and vertical dimension is to every
Individual user is fixed angle of declination.And in actual life, with increasing for number of users, and radius of society constantly subtracts
Little so that the information in channel vertical dimensions is more and more important, traditional method for precoding cannot enter to user from vertical dimension
Row is distinguished, and serious interference is caused to systematic function.
With the continuous development of active antenna array system (AAS), antenna for base station can be in the bar for not changing antenna size
Under part, every antenna is divided into into several a period of time that can independently adjust weights in the vertical dimension., so as to promote 3D MIMO
The development of technology.3D MIMO technologies increased the degree of freedom in vertical direction, be that the lifting of LTE transmission technical performance is opened
Broader space so that further reduce presence of intercell interference, raising throughput of system and spectrum efficiency and be possibly realized.
But, traditional method for precoding is all based on what the channel information of horizontal dimensions was designed, it is impossible to directly should
In for 3D mimo systems, therefore, design becomes the research of 3D MIMO technologies suitable for the method for precoding of 3D mimo systems
In an emphasis.
In the research of existing 3D MIMO technologies, scholars generally realize the lifting of systematic function using following methods：
1st, Mobile state adjustment is entered by the angle of declination to antenna for base station, carries out cell splitting in vertical direction, for not
It is aligned using different Downtilt with the user in vertical direction, and in horizontal direction, is then adopted traditional precoding
Method.This method can effectively reduce the feedback of user, and obtain certain performance boost.But due to can not accurately be right
Accurate each user so that the method is lifted in performance less.
2nd, obtain horizontal and vertical Wave beam forming vector to channel respectively, and will be obtained by the method for Kronecker product
Horizontal and vertical Wave beam forming vector be merged into a new Wave beam forming vector.This method can obtain ratio method 1 more
Big performance gain, but feedback channel information that still can not be perfect, and can be only applied in the Transmission system of single current, i.e., every time
A signal stream can only be sent.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind can effectively reduce channel condition information
Feedback quantity, be obviously improved 3D mimo systems overall performance double-deck method for precoding.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of double-deck method for precoding suitable for 3D mimo systems, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) assume that there is N base station per a linetIt is individual horizontal antenna a period of time, each to show NvIndividual vertical antenna a period of time, and it is each
The weights and phase place of individual antenna element dynamic can be adjusted, and the data amount check that base station sends every time is L, L<min(Nr,Nt×Nv),
Aforementioned base station adopts active antenna array system, and aerial array is uniform planar battle array, it is assumed that receiving terminal has NrRoot reception antenna；
(2), after receiving terminal receives the signal that base station sends, the channel condition information of signal is estimated, three-dimensional letter is obtained
Road matrix H：
The size of aforementioned three dimensional channel matrix H is Nr×(Nt×Nv)；
(3) vertical pre-coding matrix W is designed according to three dimensional channel matrix Hv：
Forenamed vertical pre-coding matrix WvSize be (Nt×Nv)×Nt；
(4) by vertical pre-coding matrix WvThe merging in vertical direction is carried out to former three dimensional channel matrix H, obtains equivalent
Channel matrix Hequal：
Hequal=H × Wv,
Aforementioned channels matrix HequalSize be Nr×Nt；
(5) according to equivalent channel matrix HequalAnd the data amount check L that base station is once transmitted, design level precoding square
Battle array Wh：
Wh=[v1,...,vL]
Aforementioned levels pre-coding matrix WhSize be Nt×L；
(6) receiving terminal is by the vertical pre-coding matrix W for obtainingvWith horizontal pre-coding matrix WhBase station is fed back to, base station is to hanging down
Straight pre-coding matrix WvWith horizontal pre-coding matrix WhMerge, obtain the final pre-coding matrix W suitable for 3D MIMO：
W=Wh×Wv。
The aforesaid double-deck method for precoding suitable for 3D mimo systems, it is characterised in that in step (3), according to three
Dimension channel matrix H designs vertical pre-coding matrix WvProcess be：
1. three dimensional channel matrix H is rewritten as into following form：
Wherein,
HiFor the i-th array antenna of base station and the sub-channel matrix corresponding to reception antenna, size is Nr×Nv；
2. for each sub-channel matrix Hi, singular value decomposition is carried out to which：
Hi=UiSiVi H,
Wherein UiAnd ViFor unitary matrice, SiFor diagonal matrix, Vi HIt is to matrix ViConjugate transpose；
Take right singular matrix ViFirst be classified as sub-channel matrix HiVertical precoding vector vi；
3. by step 2. in obtained by NtIndividual vector viWrite as following form：
Wherein, 0 is Nv× 1 null vector, is thus obtained size for (Nt×Nv)×NtVertical pre-coding matrix Wv：
The aforesaid double-deck method for precoding suitable for 3D mimo systems, it is characterised in that in step (5), according to etc.
The channel matrix H of effectequalAnd the data amount check L that base station is once transmitted, design level pre-coding matrix WhProcess be：
To equivalent channel matrix HequalSingular value decomposition is carried out, is obtained：Hequal=USVH,
Wherein, unitary matrice V is write as following form：
V=[v1,v2..., vNt],
When the data amount check that base station is transmitted every time is L, the front L column vectors for choosing right singular matrix V prelist as level
Code matrix Wh：
Wh=[v1,...,vL]。
The invention has benefit that：
1st, the method for the present invention is gone forward side by side by a larger channel matrix decomposition into several less channel matrixes
Row Precoding Design, not only effectively reduces the feedback quantity of channel condition information, and is conducive to the design of Limited Feedback code book；
2nd, the method for the present invention extends little, dependency much larger than level side using the vertical direction upper angle in three dimensional channel
To the feature of dependency, the Precoding Design in vertical direction and combining channel are first carried out, then carries out the less level of dependency
Precoding Design on direction, further improves the throughput performance of 3D mimo systems, realizes the multiple stream transmission of signal；
3rd, the method for the present invention is sufficiently used the channel information in the vertical direction in channel, will hang down per array antenna
Nogata is directed upwards towards the direction of optimum, compared to traditional method for precoding, considerably improves the overall performance of system.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the double-deck method for precoding of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is performance of BER comparison diagram under single current；
Fig. 3 is performance of BER comparison diagram under double fluid.
Specific embodiment
Make specific introduction to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The double-deck method for precoding suitable for 3D mimo systems of the present invention, which is based in space channel in vertical direction
Dependency the characteristics of be much better than the dependency in horizontal direction, the precoding in vertical direction is carried out to channel first, letter is made
Road obtains optimal merging effect in the vertical dimension., then carries out the precoding in horizontal direction again, it is achieved thereby that signal
Multiple stream transmission.
In the be suitable for 3D mimo system scenes of this method, base station uses active antenna array system, antenna array
Uniform planar battle array is classified as, and the weights and phase place of each antenna element dynamic can be adjusted.
With reference to Fig. 1, the double-deck method for precoding suitable for 3D mimo systems of the present invention is comprised the following steps：
1st, assume that base station end has N per a linetIt is individual horizontal antenna a period of time, each to show NvIndividual vertical antenna a period of time, this Nt×Nv
The weights and phase place of root antenna element are dynamically adapted.
The data amount check that base station sends every time is L, L<min(Nr,Nt×Nv).The value of L can be 1 or 2, i.e. single current or
Double fluid.
Assume that receiving terminal has NrRoot reception antenna.
2nd, after receiving terminal receives the signal that base station sends, the channel condition information of signal is estimated, three-dimensional letter is obtained
Road matrix H：
The size of the three dimensional channel matrix H is Nr×(Nt×Nv)。
3rd, based on vertical direction upper angle extension in three dimensional channel less than horizontal direction angle spread, therefore dependency is much larger than
The feature of horizontal direction dependency, first carries out the pre-coding matrix design in vertical direction to three dimensional channel matrix H.
Specifically, vertical pre-coding matrix W is designed according to three dimensional channel matrix HvProcess be：
(1) three dimensional channel matrix H is rewritten as into following form first,：
Wherein,
HiWhat is represented is the i-th array antenna of base station and the sub-channel matrix corresponding to reception antenna, and size is Nr×Nv。
(2), for each sub-channel matrix Hi, singular value decomposition is carried out to which：
Hi=UiSiVi H,
Wherein UiAnd ViFor unitary matrice, SiFor diagonal matrix, Vi HIt is to matrix ViConjugate transpose.
Right singular matrix V is obtained after decompositioni, take right singular matrix ViFirst be classified as sub-channel matrix HiIt is vertical pre-
Coding vector vi。
(3), to all of sub-channel matrix HiAfter carrying out singular value decomposition, by step (2)
In obtained by NtIndividual vertical precoding vector viWrite as following form：
Wherein, 0 is Nv× 1 null vector, is thus obtained size for (Nt×Nv)×NtVertical pre-coding matrix Wv：
The vertical pre-coding matrix WvSize be (Nt×Nv)×Nt。
Vertical pre-coding matrix WvRepresent the vertical information in pre-coding matrix.
4th, obtaining vertical pre-coding matrix WvAfterwards, then to former three dimensional channel matrix H carry out horizontal pre-coding matrix design.
Specifically, by vertical pre-coding matrix WvThe merging in vertical direction is carried out to former three dimensional channel matrix H, is obtained
Equivalent channel matrix Hequal：
Hequal=H × Wv。
Channel matrix HequalSize be Nr×Nt。
Equivalent channel matrix H nowequalIt is equivalent to traditional two dimensional channel matrix.
5th, according to equivalent channel matrix HequalAnd the data amount check L that base station is once transmitted, design level precoding square
Battle array Wh, specific process is：
To equivalent channel matrix HequalSingular value decomposition is carried out, is obtained：Hequal=USVH,
Wherein, unitary matrice V is write as following form：
V=[v1,v2,...,vNt]。
Unitary matrice V is right singular matrix.
When the data amount check that base station is transmitted every time is L, the front L column vectors for choosing right singular matrix V prelist as level
Code matrix Wh：
Wh=[v1,...,vL],
The horizontal pre-coding matrix WhSize be Nt×L。
So under single current environment, Wh=v1；Under double-current environment, Wh=[v1,v2]。
6th, receiving terminal is by the vertical pre-coding matrix W for obtainingvWith horizontal pre-coding matrix WhBase station is fed back to, base station is to hanging down
Straight pre-coding matrix WvWith horizontal pre-coding matrix WhMerge, obtain the final pre-coding matrix W suitable for 3D MIMO：
W=Wh×Wv。
In sum, it is in 3D mimo systems, after base station adopts active antenna array system, receiving terminal to receive signal, right
Signal carries out channel estimation, obtains three dimensional channel matrix, is then better than horizontal direction according to the dependency of vertical direction in channel
The characteristics of dependency, vertical pre-coding matrix is designed first for three dimensional channel matrix, then three dimensional channel matrix is hung down
Nogata merging upwards, two pre-coding matrixes are finally merged and feed back to base station end by design level pre-coding matrix then.
The method of the present invention takes full advantage of the vertically and horizontally status information in channel, relative to directly to three dimensional channel
Matrix carries out the method that singular value decomposition obtains pre-coding matrix, substantially reduces in complexity, and performance does not but decline, and
Further codebook design and Limited Feedback are more beneficial for, have greatly lifting to systematic function.
The beneficial effect brought by the method for the present invention can be further illustrated by following emulation and analysis.
Specific simulation parameter configuration is shown in Table 1.
1 simulation parameter allocation list of table
| Channel model | 3D Channel in 3GPP TR 36.873 |
| Scene | 3D-UMi (urban microcell) |
| Cell number | Single cell, three sectors |
| Number of users | Average 10 users in each sector |
| ISD (minizone every) | 200m |
| Antenna for base station number | 4×4 |
| Antenna for base station is spaced | Horizontal and vertical antenna spacing is 0.5 λ |
| Receiving terminal antenna number | 2 |
In the emulation active antenna array system used by base station end, its antenna radiation pattern reference 3GPP TR37.840, such as
Under：
(1) in horizontal direction：
Wherein,For horizontal 3dB beam angles, size is For horizontal emission angle, Am=30dB；
(2) in vertical direction：
Wherein, θ3dBFor vertical 3dB beam angles, size is θ3dB=65 °, θ be Vertical Launch angle, SLAv=30dB.
Final 3D antenna radiation patterns are：
Base station end sends modulation system of the data using 4QAM, carries out proposed by the invention suitable for 3D in emulation
The double-deck method for precoding of mimo system is compared with the performance of BER of traditional method for precoding.
Fig. 2 is the double-deck method for precoding that carried of the present invention and traditional method for precoding and list under single current environment
Flow down the mistake ratio Performance comparision figure of the SVD methods of single user best performance.
Fig. 3 is the mistake of double-deck method for precoding proposed by the invention and traditional method for precoding under double-current environment
Bit-rate performance comparison diagram.
From figure 2 it can be seen that under single current environment, double-deck method for precoding proposed by the invention can reach substantially
Optimal performance under single user, but the method compared to singular value decomposition is carried out to whole three dimensional channel matrix, the present invention are carried
The method for going out is substantially reduced in complexity, and is conducive to the feedback of channel information.And compared to traditional method for precoding, this
The very big gain in performance of BER of method, can significantly lift system performance of BER.
From figure 3, it can be seen that under double-current environment, double-deck method for precoding proposed by the invention is compared to traditional
Method for precoding, can still obtain the gain of 2-4dB in performance of BER, even if so under double-current environment, we
Method still can be improved significantly in the performance of BER of system.
With reference to above simulation result and analysis as can be seen that the bilayer suitable for 3DMIMO systems proposed by the invention is pre-
Coded method, takes full advantage of the status information in the channel vertical direction ignored by traditional method for precoding, makes base station end
Antenna can be directed at user in vertically and horizontally both direction, so as to improve the available signal power that receiving terminal is received,
Reach the effect of lift system overall performance.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment the invention is not limited in any way, all employing equivalents or equivalent change
The technical scheme obtained by the mode changed, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of double-deck method for precoding suitable for 3D mimo systems, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) assume that there is N base station per a linetIt is individual horizontal antenna a period of time, each to show NvIndividual vertical antenna a period of time, and each day
The weights and phase place of linear array dynamic can be adjusted, and the data amount check that base station sends every time is L, L<min(Nr,Nt×Nv), it is described
Base station adopts active antenna array system, and aerial array is uniform planar battle array, it is assumed that receiving terminal has NrRoot reception antenna；
(2), after receiving terminal receives the signal that base station sends, the channel condition information of signal is estimated, three dimensional channel square is obtained
Battle array H：
The size of the three dimensional channel matrix H is Nr×(Nt×Nv)；
(3) vertical pre-coding matrix W is designed according to three dimensional channel matrix Hv：
The vertical pre-coding matrix WvSize be (Nt×Nv)×Nt；
(4) by vertical pre-coding matrix WvMerging in vertical direction is carried out to three dimensional channel matrix H, equivalent channel is obtained
Matrix Hequal：
Hequal=H × Wv,
The channel matrix HequalSize be Nr×Nt；
(5) according to equivalent channel matrix HequalAnd the data amount check L that base station is once transmitted, design level pre-coding matrix
Wh：
Wh=[v1,...,vL]
The horizontal pre-coding matrix WhSize be Nt×L；
(6) receiving terminal is by the vertical pre-coding matrix W for obtainingvWith horizontal pre-coding matrix WhBase station is fed back to, base station is to vertical pre-
Encoder matrix WvWith horizontal pre-coding matrix WhMerge, obtain the final pre-coding matrix W suitable for 3D MIMO：
W=Wh×Wv。
2. the double-deck method for precoding suitable for 3D mimo systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step
(3), in, vertical pre-coding matrix W is designed according to three dimensional channel matrix HvProcess be：
1. three dimensional channel matrix H is rewritten as into following form：
Wherein,
HiFor the i-th array antenna of base station and the sub-channel matrix corresponding to reception antenna, size is Nr×Nv；
2. for each sub-channel matrix Hi, singular value decomposition is carried out to which：
Hi=UiSiVi H,
Wherein UiAnd ViFor unitary matrice, SiFor diagonal matrix, Vi HIt is to matrix ViConjugate transpose；
Take right singular matrix ViFirst be classified as sub-channel matrix HiVertical precoding vector vi；
3. by step 2. in obtained by NtIndividual vector viWrite as following form：
Wherein, 0 is Nv× 1 null vector, is thus obtained size for (Nt×Nv)×NtVertical pre-coding matrix Wv：
3. the double-deck method for precoding suitable for 3D mimo systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step
(5) in, according to equivalent channel matrix HequalAnd the data amount check L that base station is once transmitted, design level pre-coding matrix Wh
Process be：
To equivalent channel matrix HequalSingular value decomposition is carried out, is obtained：Hequal=USVH,
Wherein, unitary matrice V is write as following form：
V=[v1,v2,...,vNt],
When the data amount check that base station is transmitted every time is L, the front L column vectors of right singular matrix V are chosen as horizontal precoding square
Battle array Wh：
Wh=[v1,...,vL]。
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| WO2017028074A1 (en) | 2015-08-15 | 2017-02-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Channel state information feedback method, user equipment and base station |
| CN106685501B (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2020-09-25 | 电信科学技术研究院 | Beam forming method and device |
| CN105356922B (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2018-03-30 | 重庆邮电大学 | Vertical dimension codebook design method based on non-uniformly distributed load under 3D mimo channels |
| CN106941367A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Multiple-input and multiple-output MIMO processing method and processing device |
| CN105978612B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2018-11-20 | 重庆邮电大学 | The double-deck Precoding Design method for combining pilot pollution to eliminate in extensive mimo system |
| CN106792748B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2020-03-03 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Data transmission method, device, base station and terminal |
| CN108233994B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2021-04-27 | 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for beamforming for massive MIMO systems |
| CN107342799A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-10 | 南京科兴新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of 3DMU MIMO pre-coding matrixes building method and device |
| CN107302389A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-10-27 | 南京科兴新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of 3DMU MIMO pre-coding matrixes building method and device |
| CN108599828B (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2021-06-11 | 南京邮电大学 | Two-layer pre-coding method under multi-cell 3D MIMO scene |
| CN112653494A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-13 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Optimization method of MU-MIMO beam overlapping, communication equipment and system |
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