CN106934860A - A kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens, using T battens as three-dimensional geological modeling spatial data structure, complicated form for geological object carries out three-dimensional modeling, and realization is portrayed quantifying for geological structure complexity, comprised the following steps：Multi-source geologic data is integrated；Structural complexity analysis is carried out for geological object based on geologic data；And geological object is divided into two classes, the parametric surface modeling method based on T battens or the subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens is respectively adopted；Set up the threedimensional model of geological object and carry out integrated and inspection, obtain final three-dimensional geological model.The inventive method can be set up including deposition, fold, intrusion, plane of unconformity and architectonic true form threedimensional model etc. tomography, and for lithology prediction, seepage flow and grouting simulation and the CAD such as stability analysis and numerical simulation analysis provide accurate reliably initial model.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to three-dimensional visualization Geologic modeling field, it is related to complex geological structure Visualization Modeling, specifically
Say, be to be related to a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens.
Background technology
Present three-dimensional geological modeling technology is widely used in Geotechnical Engineering field, and in foundation engineering, slope project
Played an important role with the three-dimensional visualization analysis and decision in the field such as Tunnel Engineering.Three-dimensional geological model GIS, BIM with
And the practical application of the aspect such as CAD/CAE constantly proposes requirement higher to its accuracy and reliability, but existing geology is built
Mould method still suffers from the challenge of geological structure complexity.
Geological structure complexity is by an engineering geology personnel important branch of interest in complicated geology.One side
Face, the natural form of geological object all shown on geometry and topological aspect in structural complexity.On the other hand, ground
The regional development that engineering is becoming increasingly complex towards geological tectonic conditions.Therefore, for ground texture in three-dimensional geological model
Make the aspects such as planning of the performance for Geotechnical Engineering, design, quality and the safety of complexity more and more important.However, existing side
Method is still present limitation in terms of complexity quantization, spatial data structure and modeling technique.Some scholar's research in recent years are right
The method for quantifying measurement is carried out for geologic assessment in the complexity of geologic parameter and geometric element, but can be built as geology
The construction complexity quantizating index of mould |input paramete still requires study.The spatial data structure used in three-dimensional geological modeling is determined
The bottom architecture of model and corresponding modeling technique, but the data structure of Geologic modeling is now widely used in, such as NURBS is (non-
Uniform rational B-spline), due to its mathematical principle be limited in portray geological structure complexity aspect generally do not possess enough spirits
Activity.
Spatial data structure suitable for three-dimensional geological modeling is different with different application fields.With computer 3D skills
The development of art, many different three-dimensional space data structures are introduced into Geological Modeling and are applied to many different necks
Domain, including the exploitation of engineering geology, mineral resources exploration, geothermal energy resources and geological disaster identification etc..In Geotechnical Engineering field, B-
Rep frameworks are one of most widely used geological object solid modelling data structures.The advantage of B-Rep is that it can be based on few
Amount data realize flexible moulding, so as to efficiently portray the space geometry and topological relation of geological object.B-Rep entities are by closing
The boundary surface definition of conjunction, its surface element can be parametric form or discrete form.The generation of the curved surface of both forms
Table data structure is exactly NURBS and grid.Non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is that a kind of parameter being most widely used is bent
Face, its topological structure is defined on two dimensional surface parameter space and corresponding free form surface passes through analytical Calculation in three dimensions
Obtain.Grid then directly generates a curved surface by one group of plane polygon connected by public vertex, and it does not possess parametrization
Define and approaching for smooth surface can only be realized under limited resolution ratio.In the B-Rep sides of expression of geological object
In method, geological objects boundary is divided by multiple nurbs surfaces or grid surface, so as to surround a boundary representation entity.
In engineering field, NURBS possesses the advantage of several respects relative to grid, including：It is the mathematical expression of parsing, real
Surface accuracy and smoothness, vector representation rather than grid are represented, the high efficiency of succinct parametrization and calculating and storage.Cause
This, NURBS has become the canonical representation method of CAD, CAM and CAE field curve and surface, and is IGES, STEP and PHIGS
Etc. a part for many technical grade standards.In fact, the model of such as engineering object such as tunnel, dam, bridge and building leads to
Often all designed using NURBS and set up.The engineering object of design and natural geological object are in spatial data structure aspect
Unified Model be conducive to the compatibility and convenience that subsequent coupling analyzes, therefore NURBS is more applicable relative to grid and engineering
The geological object modeling in geology field.Uniform data structural approach in three dimensional unification Geologic modeling theory uses NURBS skills
Art, the Unified Expression of the analytic surface of engineering structure and the free form surface of geologic body is realized based on identical Fundamentals of Mathematics.
Geological Modeling based on NURBS has developed more ripe.Fisher and Wales was proposed first in 1992
NURBS is applied to the theory of Geologic modeling, but theoretical developments due to NURBS in its early stage in itself are immature, and this grinds
Study carefully and only rest on the conceptual phase.With the introducing of Computer-aided Geometric Design method, the huge increasing that NURBS technologies are obtained
By force.On this basis, Sprague and de Kemp have studied based on control of section framework and regional structure measurement about in 2005
The NURBS geological surface modeling methods of beam.The NURBS-TIN-B-REP that Zhong Denghua proposed three-dimensional geological modeling in 2006 is mixed
Data structure is closed, and is in China Patent No.：CN200610013425.1 discloses a kind of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological information
Three dimensional unification model building method, the architectonic three-dimensional visualization engineering geology of dam foundation is realized based on NURBS technologies
Analysis, the method has been widely used in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering both domestic and external.Based on above pionerring research, NURBS data knots
Structure has been widely used in three-dimensional geological modeling field, and recent research is still further promoting the development of the method.
NURBS possesses good performance in terms of for the modeling of the regular bodies such as tunnel and dam.However, geological object
Natural form be different from the biomorphogenic of engineering object, it possesses its special scrambling and still challenges current base
In the Geological Modeling of NURBS.In Geologic modeling field, NURBS exists larger in data structure and modeling technique
Limitation.NURBS is defined by a series of tensor product of B-spline curves, and its control point must be scattered in rectangular array, should
Nurbs surface is limited to planar topologies by definition.The topological structure of this restriction causes that NURBS is merely able to portray truly
A little part in matter structural configuration.There is following three aspect in the natural form of geological object and the tensor product topology of NURBS
Contradiction：First, natural geological phenomenon generally existing fractal characteristic, i.e. geological object have the local detail of self similarity, and
The control point of NURBS must spread all over each and wait ginseng line so that nurbs surface can only realize uniform minutia；Second, geology
Intrusion and unconformity contact between body can cause complicated space topological, and nurbs surface can only obey simple flat
Face topological；3rd, generally there is the discontinuous feature such as tomography and crack in geological object, and NURBS is due to the definition of its tensor product
Rule can only set up internal continuous curved surface.
At the same time, a closure entity set up based on NURBS must be surrounded into by multiple NURBS dough sheets.Therefore
NURBS modeling procedures generally need nurbs surface to cut and splicing, and this strategy is applied to the geometric form for setting up rule
State, but many problems are faced with complicated geological volume modeling：Firstly, since nurbs surface tailoring technique is by calculating sanction
What trimming and the cropped region of hiding curved surface were realized, the algorithm does not change quantity and the position at nurbs surface control point, therefore cuts out
Limit ground so as to be difficult to control to cut the complicated geologic data of the edge fitting for obtaining in the absence of corresponding control point on trimming
The accuracy of matter model；Second, due to being defined in the parameter of each correspondence nurbs surface respectively for two cutting wires for splicing
In domain, two real intersections of curved surface are actually approached respectively by two cutting wires, cause to be kept away in NURBS dough sheets stitching position
Produce gap with exempting from so as to influence the seal of solid models of geological entities, limit Geologic modeling in follow-up numerical simulation analysis
Using；3rd, because the multiple camber piece that NURBS cutting splicings are obtained may destroy its spelling in further editing process
Geometric continuity is connect, therefore the geological model that the technology is set up is difficult to be updated with geologic data, limits dynamic geological modeling skill
The development of art.
On the basis of NURBS theories, Sederberg proposed parametric surface --- the T battens of a new generation in 2003
(T-splines, the uniform B-Spline with T nodes), and further developed the simplification of T battens in 2004 and locally added
It is thin to wait basic algorithm.In actual applications, the concept of T battens equally contains T-NURCCS (has the non-uniform rational of T nodes
Catmull-Clark subdivision curved surfaces), based on subdivision curved surface theoretical developments, it is by the concept of singular point for T-NURCCS
Introduce T battens.Used as the superset of NURBS and Catmull-Clark subdivision curved surfaces, T battens inherit parametric surface simultaneously
The flexibility of analytical form and subdivision curved surface, and any NURBS modelings stream can be realized under the specific condition without T nodes
Journey and Catmull-Clark subdivision curved surface flows.In the definition of T battens, T node is a row or column control point in T
Grid inside stops the trivalent node of end, and singular point is the non-tetravalence node in addition to T nodes.The presence of T nodes makes
Obtain T battens and possess local refinement ability, and the presence of singular point enables that T battens realize arbitrary topology.Additionally, T batten energy
It is enough locally to change geometric continuity by being partially inserted into the multiplex node that node spacing is 0.These characteristics of T battens are for geology
Modeling has larger meaning.
Subdivision curved surface theory is developed based on polygonal mesh.Subdivision curved surface is polygon in coarse piecewise linearity
The Limit Surface obtained by grid surface recursion on the basis of shape grid.In CAD and GIS practical applications, by subdivision curved surface
Limit Surface define brought limited quantity of the unlimited amount dough sheet relative to NURBS dough sheet it is more difficult.At present still
Industrial standard and subdivision curved surface and NURBS without subdivision curved surface are simultaneously incompatible.In fact, subdivision curved surface technology is more suitable for animation
And film industry, and be rarely applied to manufacture and engineering construction field.Therefore, in order to realize engineering structure and geological object
Unified Modeling, using the parametric surface such as T battens relative to subdivision curved surface be preferably selection in engineering geology modeling.
At present, T spline techniques are mainly used in organic in industrial design field and building field CAD
Morphological Modeling, but not yet it is introduced into Geologic modeling field.In spatial data structure aspect, the randomly topologically structured of T battens overcomes
Limitation of the tensor product topological structure of NURBS in terms of complex geological structure is portrayed, in modeling technique aspect, T battens are built
Mould technology is provided simultaneously with the advantage of parametric surface modeling technique and subdivision curved surface modeling technique, and the cutting of NURBS can be overcome to spell
The problem that ground connection matter modeling pattern is brought, additionally, T battens inherit the accuracy of NURBS and maintain compatible with NURBS
Property, the B-Rep geobodies that multiple NURBS dough sheets are surrounded can be replaced by a T spline surface for closing, therefore T battens
It is a kind of potential technology for being more suitable for Geologic modeling.
Bibliography：
[1] Zhong Denghua, Li Mingchao, outstanding Liu wait the three dimensional unification model building method of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological informations:
CN,CN 100478996C[P].2009.
[2]Fisher,T.R.,&Wales,R.Q.(1992),Three dimensional solid modeling of
geo-objects using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines(NURBS),In Three-dimensional
modeling with geoscientific information systems(pp.85-105),Springer
Netherlands.
[3]Liu,L.,Zhang,Y.J.,&Wei,X.(2015),Weighted T-splines with
application in reparameterizing trimmed NURBS surfaces,Computer Methods in
Applied Mechanics and Engineering,295,108-126.
[4]Li,X.,Chen,F.,Kang,H.,&Deng,J.(2016).A survey on the local
refinable splines.Science China Mathematics,59(4),617-644.
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Elements for measuring the complexity of 3D structural models:Connectivity
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[7]Sederberg,T.W.,Zheng,J.,Bakenov,A.,&Nasri,A.(2003),T-splines and
T-NURCCs,In ACM transactions on graphics(TOG)(Vol.22,No.3,pp.477-484).ACM.
[8]Sederberg,T.W.,Cardon,D.L.,Finnigan,G.T.,North,N.S.,Zheng,J.,&
Lyche,T.(2004),T-spline simplification and local refinement,In Acm
transactions on graphics(tog)(Vol.23,No.3,pp.276-283).ACM.
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Watertight trimmed NURBS,ACM Transactions on Graphics(TOG),27(3),79.
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structural geological modelling part II:surface design from sparse spatial
data,GeoInformatica,9(1),5-32.
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Pakyuz-Charrier,E.(2016),The topology of geology 1:Topological analysis,
Journal of Structural Geology,91,27-38.
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Charrier,E.(2016),The topology of geology 2:Topological uncertainty,Journal
of Structural Geology,91,74-87.
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[14]Xiao,W.,Liu,Y.,Li,R.,Wang,W.,Zheng,J.,&Zhao,G.(2016),
Reconsideration of t-spline data models and their exchanges using STEP,
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modeling and visualization for large 3D geoengineering applications:an
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The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of three-dimensional geological based on T battens is built
Mould method, three-dimensional geological modeling field is introduced by T battens data structure and modeling technique, is realized utilization and is constructed complexity to T
The quantified controlling of spline surface geometric shape ensures model accuracy higher simultaneously.The method can set up including deposition, fold,
The architectonic true form threedimensional models such as intrusion, plane of unconformity and tomography, and be lithology prediction, seepage flow and grouting simulation
And the CAD such as stability analysis and numerical simulation analysis provide accurate reliable initial model.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens, using T battens as three-dimensional geological modeling spatial data knot
Structure, the complicated form for geological object carries out three-dimensional modeling, and realization is portrayed quantifying for geological structure complexity, including following
Step：
Multi-source geologic data is integrated；
Structural complexity analysis is carried out for geological object based on geologic data；And geological object is divided into two classes, respectively
Using the parametric surface modeling method based on T battens or the subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens；
The parametric surface modeling method based on T battens uses the modeling logic of geometry-topology：In geometry stage, base
T spline surfaces are fitted to geologic data in geologic data boundary constraint, open T spline surfaces are set up and is characterized geological surface；
In topology phase, T batten Boolean calculations are carried out according to geological surface topological relation, the T battens geobody for being closed is characterized
The geological object set up；
The subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens uses the modeling logic of topology-geometry：In topology phase, root
The space T grid table expropriation of land plastids that the topological structure for building T battens according to the complex characteristic of geologic data is closed；In geometry rank
Section, geological object surface fitting is realized according to geologic data boundary constraint by calculating T spline control points, sets up T grids correspondence
T spline surfaces, the T battens geobody that is closed characterizes set up geological object；
Set up the threedimensional model of geological object and carry out integrated and inspection, obtain final three-dimensional geological model.
The process for carrying out structural complexity analysis for geological object includes following two steps：
Step 1. is based on geologic data to the fractals complexity of geological object, any deficiency Topological Complexity and does not connect
The continuous aspect of complexity three carries out structural complexity analysis；
Step 2. will construct the less geological object of complexity and be divided into a class is built using based on the parametric surface method of T battens
Mould, including：Landform, bedded deposit construction, fold building, weathering and off-load interface geological structure；It is larger by complexity is constructed
Geological object is divided into the another kind of subdivision curved surface Method Modeling for using and being based on T battens, including：Quaternary Period coating, unconformity connect
Touch construction, intrusion tectonics, pinching construction and fault tectonic.
The parametric surface modeling method based on T battens specifically includes following steps：
(1) the T spline surfaces of relieving are set up in the geometry stage and is fitted, including following three step：
It is bent that step 1. enters row bound to geological object according to surface occurence line, hole number strong point and hatching geologic data
Face divides, and determines boundary surface quantity and the initial T spline surfaces on each border；
The geologic data neighborhood part of initial T battens is carried out local refinement by step 2.；
Step 3. by local refinement after initial T spline surfaces be fitted to corresponding geologic data, generation geological object
One group of border T spline surface；
(2) topological relation between topology phase builds T spline surfaces obtains a T spline surface for closure, including
Three step below：
Step 1. analyzes the overlapping relation of geological object boundary surface, calculates the intersection between T spline surfaces, and calculate every
The cutting wires of individual T spline surfaces；
The corresponding T grids of step 2. adjustment T spline surfaces delete being cut out for T battens in the topological structure of cutting wires neighborhood
Cut region and the surface boundary line for approaching cutting wires is set up in reservation region, obtain the non-cutting T samples that one group of border matches each other
Bar geological surface；
The geological boundry surface joining that step 3. matches each other border is a T spline surface for closing, and according to reality
The geometric continuity of border situation adjustment splicing line position, finally gives based on a geological object entity for closure T spline surfaces.
The subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens specifically includes following steps：
(1) Space expanding of closure T grids, including following three step are built in topology phase：
Surface occurence line, hole number strong point and hatching geologic data are mapped to two by step 1. from three physical dimensions
Dimension parameter space；
Step 2. is complicated using the construction for quantifying based on the geological boundry constraint that mapping is obtained in two-dimensional parameter space
Topological structure of the degree norm controlling T grids primary image on geologic data neighborhood；
Step 3. remaps to three physical dimensions the T grid primary images after weight topology, generates corresponding to geological object
One closing space T grids；
(2) the corresponding T spline surfaces of T grids are set up in the geometry stage and is fitted, including following three step：
Step 1. definition node on the three dimensions underlying topology of T grids is vectorial and generates T batten mixed functions；
Step 2. realizes T spline surfaces border between geology by calculating the three physical dimensions position of T spline control points
The fitting of constraint；
Step 3. is based on space T grid, knot vector, mixed function and the corresponding T samples of control point Coordinate generation of closing
Bar curved surface, finally gives based on a geological object entity for closure T spline surfaces.
The topological structure process of T grid primary images is controlled according to geological structure complexity index, is comprised the following steps：
The fractal geometry of the geological object that step 1. analytical parameters space geologic data shows, any deficiency topology
And discontinuity, and quantified with fractal dimension, losing grid number and continuity exponent number respectively；
The geologic data neighborhood of step 2. T grids primary image in parameter space is saved by inserting and removing cross node, T
Point, singular point and multiplex node, respectively according to the local refinement parameter of fractal dimension quantified controlling T battens, according to deficiency quantity
Change the arbitrary topology parameter of control T battens, according to the variable continuity parameter of continuity exponent number quantified controlling T battens.
The integrated process with inspection is carried out to the threedimensional model of geological object to comprise the following steps：
Step 1. obtains the parametric surface modeling method based on T battens and the subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens
Two class geological objects be incorporated into the same space coordinate system；
Spatial relation and topological relation between the geological object that step 2. analysis is contacted with each other, using T batten realities
All geological objects are integrated into region entirety geological model by body Boolean calculation, and the relatively large of structural complexity is considered during this
Small adjustment Boolean logic is sequentially；
Reliability and reasonability of the step 3. from structural geology angle overall inspection geological structure model；
Step 4. obtains final Engineering Zone three-dimensional geological model.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that technical scheme is brought is：
1. proposed by the present invention based on T batten three-dimensional geological modeling methods, realize complex geological structure threedimensional model
Become more meticulous expression, using flexibility of the T battens in terms of local refinement, arbitrary topology and variable continuity, based on quantization method
Geological structure complexity is portrayed, is overcome and is currently based on the CAD methods of NURBS and is difficult to quantitatively portray the complicated form of geological object
Problem, while inheriting the accuracy of NURBS methods and maintaining compatibility with NURBS, realize engineering field and geology
The unification of field dimensional Modeling Technology.
2. the modeling using the inventive method to engineering geology constitution realization characteristic quantification, can be with ancillary works personnel more
Hold exactly and survey region engineering geological condition；Meanwhile, the method can be lithology prediction, seepage flow and stability analysis etc.
Accurate reliable model basis is provided, is that the geological problem analysis under complex geological condition in engineering survey, design and construction is carried
Strong technological means is supplied.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Geologic modeling flow chart of the present invention based on T battens；
Fig. 2 is the present invention using the principle explanatory diagram for constructing complexity quantified controlling T batten parameters；
Fig. 3 is the T batten topological structure schematic diagrames under complex boundary constraint of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is sedimentary structure stratum volume modeling schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that Quaternary Period coating local detail models schematic diagram with spatial intersecting contact characteristic；
Fig. 6 is interlayer geologic body pinching feature modeling schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is normal fault cracking and changing of the relative positions feature modeling schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is normal fault control point topological structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is certain the actual Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering area three-dimensional geological model built by the inventive method.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention proposes a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens, using T battens as three-dimensional geological modeling sky
Between data structure, the complicated form for geological object carries out three-dimensional fine modeling, realizes the quantitative quarter of geological structure complexity
Draw, the method is comprised the following steps (see Fig. 1)：
First, multi-source geologic data is integrated；
2nd, structural complexity analysis is carried out for geological object based on geologic data, analysis process includes following two steps
Suddenly：
Step 1. is based on geologic data to the fractals complexity of geological object, any deficiency Topological Complexity and does not connect
The continuous aspect of complexity three carries out structural complexity analysis；
Step 2. will construct the less geological object of complexity and be divided into class use on the basis of structural complexity analysis
Parametric surface Method Modeling based on T battens, including：Landform, bedded deposit construction, fold building, weathering and off-load interface etc.
Geological structure；The larger geological object of complexity will be constructed and is divided into the another kind of subdivision curved surface Method Modeling for using and being based on T battens,
Including：Quaternary Period coating, unconformity contact structure, intrusion tectonics, pinching construction, fault tectonic etc..
3rd, geological object is divided into two classes, parametric surface modeling method based on T battens is respectively adopted or based on T battens
Subdivision curved surface modeling method；
Parametric surface Geological Modeling based on T battens is comprised the following steps：
(1) sets up the T spline surfaces of relieving and is fitted in the geometry stage, including following three step：
Step 1. enters row bound according to geologic datas such as surface occurence line, hole number strong point and hatchings to geological object
Curved surface is divided, and determines boundary surface quantity and the initial T spline surfaces on each border；
The geologic data neighborhood part of initial T battens is carried out local refinement by step 2.；
Step 3. by local refinement after initial T spline surfaces be fitted to corresponding geologic data, generation geological object
One group of border T spline surface.
(2) topological relations of the between topology phase builds T spline surfaces obtains a T spline surface for closure, including
Three step below：
Step 1. analyzes the overlapping relation of geological object boundary surface, calculates the intersection between T spline surfaces, and further
Calculate the cutting wires of each T spline surface；
The corresponding T grids of step 2. adjustment T spline surfaces delete being cut out for T battens in the topological structure of cutting wires neighborhood
Cut region and the surface boundary line for approaching cutting wires is set up in reservation region, obtain the non-cutting T samples that one group of border matches each other
Bar geological surface；
The geological boundry surface joining that step 3. matches each other border is a T spline surface for closing, and according to reality
The geometric continuity of border situation adjustment splicing line position, finally gives based on a geological object entity for closure T spline surfaces.
Subdivision curved surface Geologic modeling flow based on T battens is comprised the following steps：
(1) Space expanding of closure T grids, including following three step are built in topology phase：
Step 1. maps to the geologic datas such as surface occurence line, hole number strong point and hatching from three physical dimensions
Two-dimensional parameter space；
Step 2., based on the geological boundry constraint that mapping is obtained, is referred in parameter space using the construction complexity for quantifying
Topological structure of the mark control T grids primary image on geologic data neighborhood；Specifically include following steps：
A) fractal geometry of the geological object for being shown of analytical parameters space geologic data, any deficiency topology
And discontinuity, and quantified with fractal dimension, losing grid number and continuity exponent number respectively；
B) in parameter space the geologic data neighborhood of T grids primary image by inserting and removing cross node, T nodes, strange
Dissimilarity and multiplex node, respectively according to the local refinement parameter of fractal dimension quantified controlling T battens, according to losing grid number quantified controlling
The arbitrary topology parameter of T battens, according to the variable continuity parameter of continuity exponent number quantified controlling T battens.
Step 3. remaps to three physical dimensions the T grid primary images after weight topology, generates corresponding to geological object
One closing space T grids.
(2) the corresponding T spline surfaces of T grids are set up in the geometry stage and is fitted, including following three step：
Step 1. definition node on the three dimensions underlying topology of T grids is vectorial and generates T batten mixed functions；
Step 2. realizes T spline surfaces border between geology by calculating the three physical dimensions position of T spline control points
The fitting of constraint；
Step 3. is based on space T grid, knot vector, mixed function and the corresponding T samples of control point Coordinate generation of closing
Bar curved surface, finally gives based on a geological object entity for closure T spline surfaces.
4th, the threedimensional model that above-mentioned steps set up geological object is carried out into integrated and inspection, obtains final three-dimensional geological
Model, it is integrated to include following four step with checkout procedure：
Step 1. by the above-mentioned parametric surface modeling method based on T battens with based on T battens subdivision curved surface modeling method
The two class geological objects for obtaining are incorporated into the same space coordinate system；
Spatial relation and topological relation between the geological object that step 2. analysis is contacted with each other, using T batten realities
All geological objects are integrated into region entirety geological model by body Boolean calculation, and the relative of structural complexity is considered in the process
Size adjustment Boolean logic is sequentially；
Reliability and reasonability of the step 3. from structural geology angle overall inspection geological structure model；
Step 4. obtains final Engineering Zone three-dimensional geological model.
The inventive method is by geological structure complexity in terms of fractal geometry, any deficiency topological sum discontinuity three
Quantify, and the local refinement parameter of quantified controlling T spline surfaces, arbitrary topology parameter and variable continuity parameter, such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show.The quantified controlling relation may be summarized to be following three points：
1) quantify architectonic fractals complexity using fractal dimension, and then T battens are controlled based on T node elements
Local refinement parameter.Architectonic local detail geometric properties can be described with fractal theory and use FRACTAL DIMENSION quantity
Change.Fractal dimension describes the space filling extent of Fractal object and reflects the ability of its self similarity duplication.For geologic body
For, the Local Fractal Dimension skewness of different zones, i.e. subregion have higher point relatively on its geological surface
Shape complexity and local detail.
2) architectonic any deficiency Topological Complexity is quantified using losing grid number, and then based on singular point control of element T
The arbitrary topology parameter of batten.Architectonic spatial intersecting contact characteristic can be described with topology and use deficiency quantity
Change.For a model of geological structure body, deficiency quantity is usually equal to the pore quantity for being run through.Hole is rock mass and soil
The phenomenon being widely present in volume morphing, therefore the topological structure of geological object typically exhibits losing grid number higher.
3) architectonic discontinuous complexity is quantified using geometric continuity exponent number, and then based on multiplex node element control
The variable continuity parameter of T battens processed.Architectonic fracture can be described with breaking feature with geometric continuity analysis theories
And quantified with geometric continuity exponent number.The method for expressing of different geometric continuities is as follows：C-1 continuous representations curved surface is separated not
Continuously, C0 continuous representations position is continuous, and C1 continuous representations first derivative is continuous, and C2 continuous representations single order and second dervative are continuous.
In structural geology, the key feature that geological object is different from engineering design object is exactly geology discontinuity, including C0
The fracture characteristic of pinching feature and C-1.
Fig. 3 illustrates the parameter amount of carrying out based on different types of structural complexity to T battens by a standardization example
The method for changing control.The T grids primary image and corresponding use cube in five pairs of two-dimensional parameter spaces are illustrated in figure altogether
The T spline surfaces of formalization, respectively by the corresponding initial T grids primary image 3012 of initial T battens cube 3011 by four kinds of changes
Change and portray four kinds of different structural complexities：Architectonic fractals are portrayed by local refinement T grids primary image 3021 special
Levy, a T node of corresponding local refinement T battens cube 3022 is outlined with circle；By deficiency T grids primary image 3031 high
Portray architectonic any deficiency topology, a singular point rectangle frame in corresponding deficiency T battens cube 3032 high
Go out, be to simplify deficiency set by explanation for 1 in this example, can realize using the singular point of T battens appointing in actually modeling
Meaning deficiency；The pinching feature in geological structure discontinuity, corresponding part are portrayed by the continuous T grid primary image 3041 of Local C 0
Illustrated with overstriking lines on pinching side in C0 continuous T battens cube 3042；By the quarter of the continuous T grid of Local C -1 primary image 3051
The fracture characteristic in geological structure discontinuity is drawn, the corresponding continuous T of Local C -1 batten cube 3052 is in generation inner boundary
During the singular point that is introduced into outlined with rectangle in figure.
The three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens that the embodiment of the present invention is proposed, the technical scheme of use is mainly wrapped
Include the three-dimensional fine modeling of engineering geology construction based on multi-source geologic data.
1. the engineering geology data space of coupling multi-source survey data is integrated, and specific steps include：
The surface data that Engineering Geology Investigation is obtained is carried out spatially integrate with underground data, wherein surface data includes：
The geological structure that the topographic control point and contour, outcrop mapping that total powerstation or satellite positioning surveys are obtained are obtained appear border product
Digital terrain that shape, remote sensing of taking photo by plane are obtained etc.；Underground data includes：The geological property space that vertical drilling and horizontal probing are obtained
Geologic data that coordinate, sampling analysis data, drilling video recording, platform map and geophysical exploration parsing are obtained etc..Will
Above multi-source geologic data carries out spatially integrate analysis and generates section, checks the uniformity and reliability of geological information, is three
Dimension Geologic modeling provides objective and accurate basic data.
2. the fine modeling of complex geological structure threedimensional model, specific steps include：
Integrated data is surveyed according to multi-source, it is complicated to different geological structure objects (landform, coating, tomography, interlayer etc.)
Property be analyzed, and data needed for modeling are divided and chosen；Based on T batten data structures, three-dimensional modeling is carried out.
(1) the T battens parametric surface modeling of sedimentation construction.
Sedimentation construction shows relatively regular stratiform contact characteristic, using the parametric surface modeling side based on T battens
Method.It is initial according to data genarations such as drilling, sections according to the initial terrain surface of data genaration such as earth's surface contour, topographic(al) point cloud
Stratigraphic boundary curved surface, local refinement is carried out by the geologic data neighborhood part of initial T battens, and by local refinement after initial T
Spline surface is fitted to corresponding geologic data, generates open T spline surfaces and characterizes landform face and stratigraphic boundary curved surface, such as schemes
Shown in 4 left hand views.The overlapping relation of terrain surface and stratigraphic boundary curved surface is analyzed on this basis, between calculating T spline surfaces
Intersection, and further calculate the cutting wires of each T spline surface；The corresponding T grids of adjustment T spline surfaces are in cutting wires neighborhood
Topological structure, the cropped region for deleting T battens simultaneously sets up in reservation region and approaches the surface boundary line of cutting wires, obtains one
The non-cutting T batten geological surfaces that group border matches each other；The geological boundry surface joining that border is matched each other is an envelope
The T spline surfaces for closing, and according to the geometric continuity of actual conditions adjustment splicing line position, finally give using T spline locals
The sedimentary structure stratum body Model of refinement expression, as shown in Fig. 4 right part of flg.
(2) the T spline subdivision curved surface modelings of coating.
The local detail of coating border cropline shows a certain degree of fractal geometry, and it and base below
The complicated intrusive contact relation of rock causes that the geologic body has any deficiency topological characteristic.
Coating object shows point shape complexity and any deficiency Topological Complexity higher, using based on T battens
Subdivision curved surface modeling method, and with the fractal dimension of geologic data and losing grid number to construct complexity quantizating index, in topological rank
Section realizes T spline local refinement parameters and arbitrary topology ginseng by adjusting the distribution of T nodes and singular point in the T grids of space
Several quantified controllings；It is corresponding T spline surfaces by T Mesh Conversions in the geometry stage, and is fitted surface occurence constraint, landform
The geological boundry such as constraint and hatching constraint.The coating model of geological structure body for finally giving is using only a T batten for closing
Curved surface is set up, and can be that B-Rep entities or tetrahedral grid entity based on non-trimmed NURBS are used for follow-up point with subsequent conversion
Analysis.Fig. 5 illustrates the covering layer model set up based on the above method, and amplifies the T sections illustrated on T spline surfaces
Put the position with a singular point and its topological structure.
, it is necessary to a large amount of NURBS dough sheets by complicated cutting and splicing computing in the modeling method based on NURBS
Fractal geometry and any deficiency topology of geological object are simulated, on the one hand this strategy possesses relatively low feasibility, another
Aspect also introduces a large amount of gaps for geological object entity in dough sheet stitching position, is that follow-up numerical simulation analysis bring perhaps
Many problems.Conversely, above-mentioned multiple camber modeling problem to be converted into T battens control point and topological structure control inside single curved surface
Problem processed, can introduce quantization method and portray fractals complexity and any deficiency Topological Complexity, and set up intricately
Matter subject surface has unified T battens parameter field and does not exist gap.It can be seen that, the geology based on T battens proposed by the present invention
Modeling method breaches limitation of traditional NURBS methods on geological object complexity local detail and space intrusion relation is portrayed
Property.
(3) the T spline subdivision curved surface modelings of interlayer body.
In stratum the unconformity contact relation of generally existing result in the pinching morphological feature of geologic body, i.e. formation thickness with
It to extend gradually thinning and disappeared in boundary.The key link that this unconformability is equally Geologic modeling is described.
Interlayer body geological object shows discontinuous complexity higher, using the subdivision curved surface modeling side based on T battens
Method, and with the continuity exponent number of geologic data be construction complexity quantizating index, in topology phase, by being partially inserted into node between
Being set up away from the multiplex node for 0 has the successional local pinching side in C0 positions；In the geometry stage, by calculating local pinching side
The locus at upper control point is fitted to the pinch-out boundary in geologic data.The interlayer lens body Model for finally giving is by one
The T spline surfaces of closing are constituted, and can subsequent conversion be B-Rep entities or tetrahedral grid based on non-trimmed NURBS
Entity is used for subsequent analysis.Fig. 6 illustrates set up based on the above method has the interlayer lenticular body of two pinch-out boundaries,
And amplification illustrates wherein one form of pinch-out boundary.
In the method based on NURBS, pinching side is set up in main cutting and splicing by two NURBS dough sheets, but
Due to the pinching set up by the algorithm while it is upper in the absence of control point and for pinching while further deformation may cause NURBS
The splicing failure of dough sheet, therefore uncontrollable pinching side is fitted to geologic data.Conversely, because T battens can locally change
Become geometric continuity, T battens modeling technique can set up local sharp edge and is fitted to geological constraining, therefore the present invention is carried
The Geological Modeling based on T battens for going out is more efficient when geologic body unconformity contact problems are processed.
(4) the T spline subdivision curved surface modelings of fault body.
Continuous bedded deposit stratum is divided into discontinuous region by tomography.Fault modeling is the key in Geologic modeling
Link, and fault movement process is also the difficult point of Geologic modeling.
Tomography geological object shows discontinuous complexity higher, using the subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens,
And using the continuity exponent number of geologic data as construction complexity quantizating index.Fig. 7 is the normal fault mould set up based on T battens
Type, fault tectonic 702 is resolved from the two angle enlargements displayings of section and perspective view respectively after fault tectonic 701 and the changing of the relative positions before the changing of the relative positions
The changing of the relative positions of disk and lower wall on layer, the comparative illustrations of Fault profile Figure 70 21 are resolved after Fault profile Figure 70 11 and the changing of the relative positions wherein before the changing of the relative positions
Fault moves distance, and the contrast of tomography perspective view 7022 illustrates this non-through and breaks after tomography perspective view 7012 and the changing of the relative positions before the changing of the relative positions
Spatial relationship between layer and bed boundary.
In the modeling method based on NURBS, the cracking feature of tomography needs to use cutting computing to realize.Due to NURBS
There is no control point on the clipping boundary that trimming algorithm is obtained, it is difficult to control fault boundary to simulate fault movement process, can only be directed to
The tomography for having explored acquisition changing of the relative positions range data sets up its changing of the relative positions form.Conversely, a T spline surface can set up internal edges
Boundary, and fault movement process is simulated by the control point on mobile fault boundary.Fig. 8 illustrates the control of near Faults T battens
The topological structure of point, and amplification illustrates a T node and a singular point.T nodes are inserted into the T grids of near Faults,
The control point on the border of upper disk and lower wall is separated and is moved so as to simulate fault movement process under the constraint of fault plane, on ground
Singular point is supervened in the two ends that fault rupture terminates.In a word, the Geological Modeling based on T battens proposed by the present invention can be with
Preferably support the simulation to fault movement.
3. three-dimensional geological model is integrated and checks, and specific steps include：
The above-mentioned parametric surface modeling method based on T battens and the subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens are obtained
All kinds of geological objects are incorporated into the same space coordinate system；Spatial relation between the geological object that contacts with each other of analysis and
Topological relation, it is considered to which the relative size adjustment Boolean logic of structural complexity sequentially, will be all using T battens solid Boolean
Geological object is integrated into region entirety geological model, and from the reliability of structural geology angle overall inspection geological structure model
With reasonability, final Engineering Zone three-dimensional geological model is obtained, as shown in Figure 9.
The present invention is not limited to embodiments described above.Description to specific embodiment above is intended to describe and says
Bright technical scheme, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematical, is not restricted.This is not being departed from
In the case of invention objective and scope of the claimed protection, one of ordinary skill in the art may be used also under enlightenment of the invention
The specific conversion of many forms is made, these are belonged within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens, it is characterised in that using T battens as three-dimensional geological modeling sky
Between data structure, the complicated form for geological object carries out three-dimensional modeling, and realization is portrayed quantifying for geological structure complexity,
Comprise the following steps：
Multi-source geologic data is integrated；
Structural complexity analysis is carried out for geological object based on geologic data；And geological object is divided into two classes, it is respectively adopted
Parametric surface modeling method based on T battens or the subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens；
The parametric surface modeling method based on T battens uses the modeling logic of geometry-topology：In the geometry stage, based on ground
T spline surfaces are fitted to geologic data by prime number according to boundary constraint, are set up open T spline surfaces and are characterized geological surface；Opening up
The stage is flutterred, T batten Boolean calculations are carried out according to geological surface topological relation, the T battens geobody for being closed is characterized and built
Vertical geological object；
The subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens uses the modeling logic of topology-geometry：In topology phase, base area
The space T grid table expropriation of land plastids that the topological structure that the complex characteristic of prime number evidence builds T battens is closed；In the geometry stage,
Geological object surface fitting is realized by calculating T spline control points according to geologic data boundary constraint, the corresponding T of T grids is set up
Spline surface, the T battens geobody for being closed characterizes set up geological object；
Set up the threedimensional model of geological object and carry out integrated and inspection, obtain final three-dimensional geological model.
2. a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described for ground
Verify and include following two steps as carrying out the process of structural complexity analysis：
Step 1. is based on geologic data to the fractals complexity of geological object, any deficiency Topological Complexity and discontinuous multiple
The aspect of polygamy three carries out structural complexity analysis；
Step 2. will construct the less geological object of complexity and be divided into a class using the parametric surface Method Modeling based on T battens,
Including：Landform, bedded deposit construction, fold building, weathering and off-load interface geological structure；The larger geology of complexity will be constructed
Object is divided into the another kind of subdivision curved surface Method Modeling for using and being based on T battens, including：Quaternary Period coating, unconformity contact structure
Make, intrusion tectonics, pinching construction and fault tectonic.
3. a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described based on T samples
The parametric surface modeling method of bar specifically includes following steps：
(1) the T spline surfaces of relieving are set up in the geometry stage and is fitted, including following three step：
Step 1. carries out boundary surface to geological object and draws according to surface occurence line, hole number strong point and hatching geologic data
Point, determine boundary surface quantity and the initial T spline surfaces on each border；
The geologic data neighborhood part of initial T battens is carried out local refinement by step 2.；
Step 3. by local refinement after initial T spline surfaces be fitted to corresponding geologic data, one group of generation geological object
Border T spline surfaces；
(2) topological relation between topology phase builds T spline surfaces obtains a T spline surface for closure, including following
Three steps：
Step 1. analyzes the overlapping relation of geological object boundary surface, calculates the intersection between T spline surfaces, and calculate each T
The cutting wires of spline surface；
The corresponding T grids of step 2. adjustment T spline surfaces delete the cropped area of T battens in the topological structure of cutting wires neighborhood
Domain simultaneously sets up the surface boundary line for approaching cutting wires in reservation region, obtains the non-cutting T battens ground that one group of border matches each other
Matter curved surface；
The geological boundry surface joining that step 3. matches each other border is a T spline surface for closing, and according to actual feelings
The geometric continuity of condition adjustment splicing line position, finally gives based on a geological object entity for closure T spline surfaces.
4. a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described based on T samples
The subdivision curved surface modeling method of bar specifically includes following steps：
(1) Space expanding of closure T grids, including following three step are built in topology phase：
Surface occurence line, hole number strong point and hatching geologic data are mapped to two-dimentional ginseng by step 1. from three physical dimensions
Number space；
Step 2., based on the geological boundry constraint that mapping is obtained, is referred in two-dimensional parameter space using the construction complexity for quantifying
Topological structure of the mark control T grids primary image on geologic data neighborhood；
Step 3. remaps to three physical dimensions, corresponding to generation geological object one the T grid primary images after weight topology
The space T grids of individual closing；
(2) the corresponding T spline surfaces of T grids are set up in the geometry stage and is fitted, including following three step：
Step 1. definition node on the three dimensions underlying topology of T grids is vectorial and generates T batten mixed functions；
Step 2. realizes T spline surfaces boundary constraint between geology by calculating the three physical dimensions position of T spline control points
Fitting；
The corresponding T battens of space T grid, knot vector, mixed function and control point Coordinate generation that step 3. is based on closing are bent
Face, finally gives based on a geological object entity for closure T spline surfaces.
5. a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens according to claim 4, it is characterised in that base area texture
The topological structure process that complexity index controls T grid primary images is made, is comprised the following steps：
Fractal geometry, any deficiency topological sum of the geological object that step 1. analytical parameters space geologic data shows are not
Continuity, and quantified with fractal dimension, losing grid number and continuity exponent number respectively；
The geologic data neighborhood of step 2. T grids primary image in parameter space is by inserting and removing cross node, T nodes, strange
Dissimilarity and multiplex node, respectively according to the local refinement parameter of fractal dimension quantified controlling T battens, according to losing grid number quantified controlling
The arbitrary topology parameter of T battens, according to the variable continuity parameter of continuity exponent number quantified controlling T battens.
6. a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method based on T battens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that to geological object
Threedimensional model carry out it is described it is integrated with inspection process comprise the following steps：
Step 1. will be based on two that the parametric surface modeling method of T battens and the subdivision curved surface modeling method based on T battens are obtained
Class geological object is incorporated into the same space coordinate system；
Spatial relation and topological relation between the geological object that step 2. analysis is contacted with each other, using T batten entity cloth
All geological objects are integrated into region entirety geological model at computing by you, and the relatively large ditty of structural complexity is considered during this
Whole Boolean logic is sequentially；
Reliability and reasonability of the step 3. from structural geology angle overall inspection geological structure model；
Step 4. obtains final Engineering Zone three-dimensional geological model.
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