CN106934234B - Method for controlling particles to move along curved track by constructing curved standing wave - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling particles to move along a curved track by constructing a curved standing wave, and belongs to the field of application of acoustic radiation force. The invention generates two beams of curved half Bessel beams through an irregular grid structure, adjusts the non-diffraction performance of the beams to form a curved standing wave field in space, and controls the particles to move along the curve track of the standing wave by utilizing the sound radiation force of a potential well formed in the standing wave field. The particles are controlled by using the mechanical potential well formed by the standing wave, and the device has the advantages of stable control and the like. Compared with the traditional method for controlling the particles by exciting the standing wave field by using a pair of opposite transducers, the method has the advantages that the transducers are arranged on the same side, the convenience for controlling the particles is improved, the control range of the particles is expanded, the particles are controlled to move along a curve track in a free space, and the control dimensionality of the particles is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic radiation force, and relates to a method for controlling particles to move along a curved track by constructing a curved standing wave, in particular to a focusing method for improving radiation efficiency, optimizing a focusing sound field and realizing improvement of focusing gain and main-side lobe ratio by designing an irregular grid structure and constructing two large-angle curved diffraction-free beams and improving the radiation efficiency through cavity resonance and coherent diffraction enhancement effects of a super-structure surface structure.
Background
The manipulation of biological particles is an important subject in the field of biomedical research, and a precise, reliable and easily-realized manipulation mode is one of the leading directions of the current research. Arthur Ashkin et al, achieve manipulation of particles in a liquid by two focused laser beams-optical tweezers [ PRL, 1970, 24, 156-; APL, 1971, 19, 283-. The optical tweezers can realize non-contact control of particles, and is widely applied to the fields of biological cells and macromolecules. However, light is greatly lost in the liquid medium, and large power is required to realize the manipulation of the particles, which may cause particle damage. Meanwhile, the optical tweezers have the disadvantages of high cost, large volume and the like.
The acoustic wave is used as a mechanical wave, and by utilizing the acoustic radiation force of the acoustic wave to an object in a sound field, various operations such as particle capture, movement, screening and the like, namely acoustic tweezers, can be realized. The energy required by the acoustic tweezers to control the particles is far less than that of the optical tweezers, and the acoustic tweezers also have a plurality of excellent characteristics of simple technology, low price and the like, and have great application potential in the fields of life science, medicine and the like.
In 1991, Wu junru first proposed the concept of acoustic tweezers and achieved experimentally. [ jasa, 1991,89 (5): 2140 to 2143 ]. The particles in the sound field are subjected to the acoustic radiation force of the sound wave, and the acoustic tweezers realize the manipulation of the particles through the acoustic radiation force. As the acoustic tweezer technology was further studied, researchers designed a variety of acoustic tweezers in the meantime. Can be divided into standing wave type acoustic tweezers and beam acoustic tweezers [ jasa, 2005, 117(5), 3273-. Standing wave type acoustic tweezers form a standing wave field by a pair of transducers, and control particles by adjusting a mechanical potential well formed by the standing wave. A standing wave, which is a wave formed by two rows of waves having the same amplitude and propagating in opposite directions on the same straight line, is generally distributed along the straight line. The beam acoustic tweezers realize the control of particles by means of momentum exchange between acoustic waves and particles, can realize the control by only a single transducer, but cannot capture the particles. The standing wave type acoustic tweezers can change the position of a potential well in a standing wave acoustic field, so that the precise and programmable control of particles can be realized.
However, most of the standing wave type acoustic tweezers studied at present need two opposite transducers to form a standing wave, and since the standing wave type acoustic tweezers move particles by virtue of a mechanical potential well formed by node antinodes of the standing wave, and node antinodes of the formed standing wave are located on a straight line, the standing wave type acoustic tweezers can only manipulate the particles along the straight line. Furthermore, researchers use 4 (or more) transducers to form a groined standing wave field (or a more complex standing wave field) to realize two-dimensional programmable manipulation on the particles, however, in this manipulation way, the motion range of the particles is limited to the region wrapped by the transducers, although the multi-sound-source (four or more including four) standing wave type acoustic tweezers can design node antinodes to move freely in the wrapped region, and can realize the reciprocating motion of the manipulated particles along the curved trajectory, but only the manipulated particles can be in the wrapped region. The beam acoustic tweezers can manipulate the bending movement of particles in free space, but cannot move back and forth.
From the current technology, only standing wave type acoustic tweezers capable of achieving reciprocating manipulation are mature technologies, and the motion range of the manipulated particles is limited by the area wrapped by the transducer. Andrade in APL106,014101(2015), a transducer and a concave reflecting plate are adopted to form a slightly curved standing wave field, so that suspension of a curved track of a liquid drop is realized, but the method uses a larger acoustic wave wavelength, uses a point acoustic source as an acoustic source, has smaller energy, is limited in the controlled particles, and is still limited in the controlled area between the acoustic source and the reflecting plate. Some researchers have proposed that some zoom systems can achieve the reciprocating movement, but the restriction conditions are more, and although there is a theoretical model, there is no experimental report. It is not mentioned in the literature how to stabilize the movement of particles back and forth along a curved trajectory in free space. Through retrieval, the currently published patents have fewer schemes related to the stable movement of the particles, and the chinese patent application No. 201380013827X, having an application date of 2013, 1 month and 30 days, has the inventive name: performing microfluidic manipulation and particle sorting using tunable acoustic surface standing waves; the Chinese patent application No. 2013800629002, the application date is 2013, 9 and 13, and the name of the invention creation is: acoustophoretic separation techniques using multi-dimensional standing waves; although both of the above solutions are also concerned with manipulating particle motion, the focus of the research is not concerned with manipulating the stable back and forth movement of particles in free space.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the traditional double-sound-source standing wave type acoustic tweezers can only control particles in a straight line in a standing wave area formed by two transducers, and provides a method for placing the transducers on one side, constructing a curved standing wave field, and moving the node antinodes of the curved standing wave by only adjusting the phase between the transducers after constructing the curved standing wave field so as to control the particles to move along a curved track in a free space. The invention can overcome the defect that the traditional multi-sound-source standing wave type acoustic tweezers can only realize particle control in the wrapping area of the transducer.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for controlling particles to move along a curved track by constructing a curved standing wave, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a non-diffraction solution of a Helmholtz equation with large-angle bending characteristics as a target function, and giving a function image of the bending non-diffraction solution;
simplifying the function image of the bending non-diffraction solution into two polarization distributions with the phase difference of pi between adjacent regions, and realizing the polarization distribution by applying a grid structure;
adjusting the thickness h of the grid structure, weakening the non-diffraction property of the generated bending sound beam, and forming a bending standing wave field in an operation area through two weak non-diffraction bending sound beams; adjusting the interval d and non-diffraction property of the two beams of sound beams, and adjusting the form of a standing wave field;
analyzing the distribution of acoustic radiation force, and further adjusting the acoustic beam interval d and the grid thickness h;
and fifthly, manufacturing a sample according to the parameters obtained in the step, adjusting the relative phase of the two beams, changing the standing wave potential well, and controlling the particles to move along the curved track.
Further, the step two of applying the polarization distribution to a grid structure is specifically:
(1) the width L of each section of the grid structure corresponds to the interval width of the function;
(2) the thickness h of the grid structure is required to satisfy (h/lambda)0-h/λ1)＝0.5，λ0And λ1The wavelengths of the acoustic waves in the medium and the material of the lattice structure respectively are made to satisfy the phase difference pi on the exit surface of the lattice structure.
Furthermore, the specific process of adjusting the thickness h of the grid structure in step three is as follows: the thickness h is increased or decreased at intervals of h/100 until the sound pressure level difference at the antinodes and nodes of the curved standing wave field in the middle region reaches a maximum value.
Furthermore, the maximum sound pressure level difference between the antinode and the node of the bending standing wave field is at least more than 3 dB.
Furthermore, the specific process of adjusting the distance d between the two sound beams in the third step is as follows: the interval d is increased or decreased by the interval d/100 until the curved standing wave field shape in the middle region is satisfied.
Furthermore, the distribution of the acoustic radiation force in the fourth step needs to satisfy the requirement of being capable of binding particles at nodes or antinodes in a steady state, and if the distribution does not satisfy the requirement, the third step needs to repeatedly fine tune the acoustic beam interval d and the grid thickness h, so as to optimize the standing wave field distribution.
Further, step one selects a half Bezier function as the objective function.
Furthermore, the width L of each section of the grid structure in step two is equal to the interval width of the function.
Furthermore, the two transducers are positioned on the same side, and the particles are controlled to move along a curved track by processing a grid structure.
Furthermore, the two transducers are positioned on the same side, and the particles are controlled to move along a curved track by processing a grid structure.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the invention relates to a method for controlling particles to move along a curved track by constructing curved standing waves, which generates two beams of weak and non-diffraction curved sound beams by using an irregular grid structure, forms the curved standing waves, controls the particles by utilizing a mechanical potential well formed by the standing waves, can realize the movement of the node antinodes of the curved standing waves by adjusting the phases of the two beams of sound beams only by positioning a transducer at the same side of the particles when controlling the particles, further controls the motion of the particles along the curved track, forms a standing wave field by a pair of transducers and can only control the particles along a straight line compared with the traditional standing wave type acoustic tweezers, adopts 4 (or more transducers) to form a # -shaped standing wave field (or a more complex standing wave field) to realize a two-dimensional programmable control mode of the particles, and limits the motion range of the particles in a region wrapped by the transducers, the bending standing wave can be formed at any position, the control range of the particles is not limited by the area wrapped by the transducer, the particles can be controlled in the semi-free space, and the use flexibility of the standing wave type acoustic tweezers is expanded;
(2) according to the method for controlling the particles to move along the curved track by constructing the curved standing wave, the transducer is only required to be positioned on one side of the particles to control the particles to move along the curved track, and the dimension of controlling the particles by using the single-side transducer is expanded;
(3) according to the method for controlling the particles to move along the curved track by constructing the curved standing wave, the manufacturing process of the transducer is not required to be changed greatly, only the grid structure is required to be processed, and the method has the advantages of low processing difficulty, good stability and easiness in implementation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for controlling the movement of particles along a curved trajectory by constructing a curved standing wave;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an image of Helmholtz's equation without a diffraction solution to half Bessel function and its corresponding irregular grid structure;
fig. 3 (a) is a sound field distribution diagram of the constructed bending standing wave; fig. 3 (b) is a curved standing wave acoustic field distribution diagram when the relative phase between transducers is 0; FIG. 3 (c) is a curved standing wave sound field distribution diagram at a relative phase between transducers of π/2; FIG. 3 (d) is a curved standing wave sound field distribution diagram when the relative phase between the transducers is pi;
fig. 4(a) shows the distribution of the acoustic radiation force when the relative phase between the transducers is 0, and the magnitude and direction of the arrows represent the magnitude and direction of the acoustic radiation force, respectively; fig. 4 (b) shows the distribution of the acoustic radiation force when the relative phase between the transducers is pi, and the magnitude and direction of the arrows represent the magnitude and direction of the acoustic radiation force, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the movement of particles in a simulation as a function of phase between transducers;
FIG. 6 shows the movement of particles in the experiment;
fig. 7 (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional multi-transducer standing wave acoustic tweezer; FIG. 7(b) is a schematic structural diagram of a scheme provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The method for constructing the bending standing wave to control the particles to move along the bending track comprises the steps of constructing two large-angle bending diffraction-free beams, weakening the diffraction-free performance of the diffraction-free beams to form a standing wave field with a bending form in space, continuously changing the positions of node antinodes of the bending standing wave by adjusting the relative phases of the acoustic beams, controlling the particles to move along the bending track by utilizing a potential well of the standing wave, and adjusting the specific form of the bending standing wave by adjusting the interval d of the acoustic beams and the thickness h of a grid to correct the diffraction-free performance. The transducer structure that forms the standing wave field is different from the conventional multi-transducer standing wave acoustic tweezers shown in fig. 7 (a), see fig. 7(b), which includes two transducers located on the same side. The flow of controlling the movement of the particles along the curved trajectory in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, selecting a non-diffraction solution with bending characteristics of a Helmholtz equation as a target function, and selecting the specific process of the non-diffraction solution with bending characteristics of the Helmholtz equation as follows: in the present embodiment, a half-bessel function is selected as the target function (other types of non-diffractive solutions with bending characteristics may be selected), and the half-bessel function is obtained by the following formula:
where ψ, k and α represent velocity potential, wave number and order, respectively. Wherein the higher the order of a the better the non-diffracting properties of the generated beam and the more complex the function. The comparison of 20 for alpha is moderate in both no diffraction and functional complexity. And bringing the designed working frequency f into k to be 2 pi f/c, wherein c is the sound velocity in the medium. And x and y are two-dimensional space coordinates, and y is 0, namely, the function image of the half-Bessel function at the sound source is obtained, and the normalized function form of the function image is shown in FIG. 2.
Step two, simplifying the function image of the bending non-diffraction solution into two-polarization distribution with the phase difference of pi between adjacent regions, and the specific process is as follows:
drawing the form of a half Bessel function at a sound source (as shown in FIG. 2), respectively endowing the functions with the simplification of phases 0 and pi by taking 0 as a boundary, and applying the polarization distribution to a grid structure to realize the method, namely:
(1) the width L of each section of the grid structure corresponds to the interval width of the function (i.e. is equal in this embodiment), and the specific operation is as shown in FIG. 2, x<2.4 is represented by a one-block structure, the interval of the first block greater than 0 is represented by the empty part of the grid structure (length corresponds to L)1) The next interval smaller than 0 is represented by the real part of the grid structure (length corresponds to L)2) And so on;
(2) the thickness h of the grid structure is designed to satisfy the requirement of (h/lambda)0-h/λ1)＝0.5，λ0And λ1The wavelengths of the acoustic waves in the medium and the material of the grid structure respectively enable the medium and the material of the grid structure to meet the phase difference pi on the emergent surface of the grid structure;
bringing actual parameters into the phase difference condition (h/lambda) under the conditions that the frequency is 500kHz, the sound velocity in medium water is 1500m/s, and the sound velocity of a structural material is 2700m/s0-h/λ1) H is 0.5, 3.4mm can be obtained.
Adjusting the thickness h of the grid structure, weakening the non-diffraction property of the generated bending sound beam, and forming a bending standing wave field in an operation area through two weak non-diffraction bending sound beams; the specific process of adjusting the thickness h is as follows: the thickness h is increased or decreased at intervals of h/100 until the curved standing wave field shape is most significant in the intersection region (the steering region in fig. 7 b) of the two curved acoustic beams, i.e. the sound pressure level difference at the antinodes and nodes reaches a maximum (at least more than 3 dB).
Adjusting the interval d of the two sound beams to adjust the form of the standing wave field, wherein the specific process of adjusting the interval d is as follows: the interval d is increased or decreased by the interval d/100 until the curved standing wave field shape in the middle region is satisfied. After the form of the bending standing wave is adjusted, the node antinodes can be moved by changing the relative phase between the transducers, and the control on particles can be realized.
The constructed bending standing wave is shown in (a) in fig. 3, and the moving conditions of node antinodes of the standing wave field with relative phases of 0, pi/2 and pi are shown in (b) (c) (d) in fig. 3 respectively, and the node antinodes of the standing wave field move along the clockwise direction along with the change of the relative phases of the transducers, and the morphology of the standing wave field repeatedly appears with a period of 2 pi.
Analyzing the distribution of acoustic radiation force, and further adjusting the acoustic beam interval d and the grid thickness h, wherein the specific process is as follows:
acoustic radiation force consists of two parts, conservative force:
non-conservative forces:
wherein f is1＝(κp-κ0)/κpAnd f2＝2(ρp-ρ0)/(2ρp-ρ0)，κpAnd kappa0The elastic moduli, p, of the particles and of the medium, respectivelypAnd ρ0The densities of the particles and the medium, respectively. R is the particle radius, S is the Boynting vector S ═<pu*>. p and u denote sound pressure and velocity, respectively, c0Is the speed of sound in the medium.
The resultant force of the conservative force and the non-conservative force is the acoustic radiation force of the particle in the standing wave field. The distribution of the acoustic radiation force needs to meet the requirement that the particles can be restrained at nodes or antinodes (related to the material of the particles) in a steady state, and if the requirement is not met, the acoustic beam interval d and the grid thickness h need to be finely adjusted in three steps, so that the standing wave field distribution is optimized.
Fig. 4(a) and (b) show the distribution of the acoustic radiation force at the relative phases of 0 and pi between the transducers, and the magnitude and direction of the acoustic radiation force are respectively represented by the magnitude and direction of the arrows. The acoustic radiation force is directed at the antinode (the force in water associated with the particulate material and the medium, here Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) particles), meaning that the particles will aggregate like an antinode. Fig. 4(a) and (b) show that the position of the antinode in the standing wave field moves with the phase change, but the acoustic radiation force always points to the antinode, forming a potential well, and realizing stable movement of the particles.
And fifthly, simulating an image of the particle motion through a simulation tool, and manufacturing a sample according to the parameters obtained in the step for controlling the particle.
The motion of the particles in the simulation as a function of the phase between the transducers is given in fig. 5. The movement of the particles in the experiment is shown in fig. 6, with the particles in the positions indicated by the arrows. In the simulation result of fig. 5, the position of the particle is moved along with the phase change between the transducers, and the particle is always bound at the antinode during the movement of the particle, i.e., this embodiment can provide a stable method for moving the particle. Fig. 6 shows the movement of the particles when the phase is changed during the experiment. In fig. 6 the particles are first bound to the center of the steering region as shown in fig. 7(b), and then start to move with the phase change between the transducers. The particles move clockwise first as the phase difference increases, the particles return counterclockwise after the phase difference decreases, move further counterclockwise after crossing the center of the manipulation region, and finally move back to the center region as the phase difference recovers. Fig. 6 shows the result of one complete round trip of the particle along a curved path.
In the embodiment, the transducer is only required to be positioned on one side of the particle to control the particle to move along the curved track, so that the dimension of controlling the particle by using the single-side transducer is expanded; the manufacturing process of the transducer does not need to be greatly changed, only the grid structure needs to be processed, and the method has the advantages of low processing difficulty, good stability and easiness in implementation. Compared with the existing method, the embodiment can provide one-dimensional control by regulating the form of the bending wave beam, namely, the bending standing wave can be formed at any position, the control range of the particles is not limited by the area wrapped by the transducer, the control of the particles can be realized in the semi-free space, and the use flexibility of the standing wave type acoustic tweezers is expanded.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for controlling the movement of particles along a curved track by constructing a curved standing wave comprises the following steps:
selecting a half Bessel function as a target function, and providing a function image of the bending non-diffraction solution;
simplifying the function image of the bending non-diffraction solution into two polarization distributions with the phase difference of pi between adjacent regions, and realizing the polarization distribution by applying a grid structure; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the width L of each section of the grid structure is equal to the interval width of the function;
(2) the thickness h of the grid structure is required to satisfy (h/lambda)0-h/λ1)＝0.5，λ0And λ1The wavelengths of the acoustic waves in the medium and the material of the grid structure respectively enable the medium and the material of the grid structure to meet the phase difference pi on the emergent surface of the grid structure;
step three, adjusting the thickness h of the grid structure, and the specific process is as follows: increasing or decreasing the thickness h at intervals of h/100 until the sound pressure level difference between the antinode and the node of the curved standing wave field in the middle area is at least more than 3 dB; weakening the non-diffraction performance of the generated bending sound beam, and forming a bending standing wave field in the control area through two weak non-diffraction bending sound beams; adjusting the interval d and non-diffraction property of the two beams of sound beams, and adjusting the form of a standing wave field; the specific process of adjusting the interval d between the two sound beams is as follows: increasing or decreasing the interval d by taking d/100 as an interval until the shape of the bending standing wave field in the intersection area of the two bending sound beams meets the requirement;
analyzing the distribution of acoustic radiation force, and further adjusting the acoustic beam interval d and the grid thickness h; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the distribution of the acoustic radiation force needs to meet the requirement that particles can be bound at nodes or antinodes in a stable state, if the distribution does not meet the requirement, the three steps are required to repeatedly finely adjust the acoustic beam interval d and the grid thickness h, and the distribution of the standing wave field is optimized;
and fifthly, manufacturing a sample according to the parameters obtained in the step, adjusting the relative phase of the two beams, changing the standing wave potential well, and controlling the particles to move along the curved track.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the two transducers are positioned on the same side, and the particles are controlled to move along a curved track by processing a grid structure.
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