CN106930261B - Simple ocean platform in intertidal zone and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Simple ocean platform in intertidal zone and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106930261B CN106930261B CN201710258193.4A CN201710258193A CN106930261B CN 106930261 B CN106930261 B CN 106930261B CN 201710258193 A CN201710258193 A CN 201710258193A CN 106930261 B CN106930261 B CN 106930261B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 121
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple ocean platform in an intertidal zone and a construction method thereof, wherein the simple ocean platform comprises a lower pile-barrel combined foundation and an upper platform block, the lower pile-barrel combined foundation comprises four barrel-shaped foundations, the four barrel-shaped foundations are opposite to each other and distributed at intervals, the four barrel-shaped foundations are mutually connected to form a whole, the upper part of the outer wall of each barrel-shaped foundation is respectively provided with a sleeve, and the top of each barrel-shaped foundation is respectively provided with a positioning column and a water inlet and outlet valve; the upper platform block is formed by welding four upright posts with an upper platform plate, and the lower parts of the outer walls of the four upright posts are provided with sleeves matched with the positioning posts; the lower pile barrel combined foundation and the upper platform block are assembled, and four positioning columns of the lower barrel-shaped foundation are sleeved and fixed by four sleeves of the upper platform block during assembly. The invention has the advantages that the rigidity of the foundation is high, the perpendicularity of the barrel-shaped foundation automatically meets the requirement, the weight of each independent component is small, the construction is simple and convenient, the seawater weight is utilized to assist the barrel-shaped foundation to penetrate the seabed, and the invention has economy and practicability.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to an ocean platform structure, in particular to a simple ocean platform in an intertidal zone and a construction method thereof.
The background technology is as follows:
the intertidal zone refers to a tidal zone or beach between high and low levels. The land resources of the intertidal zone of China are rich, and the method has the characteristics of large area, centralized distribution, good regional condition and large comprehensive development potential of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery. The intertidal zone is an important base for aquaculture and developing agricultural production, and is a valuable financial resource for developing the ocean and developing the ocean industry.
Generally, it is required to construct a simple ocean platform in the intertidal zone for use in marine operations. The soil layer in the intertidal zone is soft, the bearing capacity is low, the intertidal zone is influenced by fluctuation of tide, the duration of high water level in one day is short, the water level is limited, and the construction environment is poor.
Generally, pile foundations or barrel foundations can be used as the foundation version of the simple ocean platform in the intertidal zone. However, if the length and the weight of the pile foundation are large, large lifting and piling equipment is needed, but the water level of the intertidal zone cannot be used for entering a large construction ship; if a barrel-shaped foundation is adopted, the barrel-shaped foundation is difficult to penetrate into the sea bed to the designed depth under the action of small water pressure difference due to the limited high water level of the intertidal zone. It can be seen that designing a foundation model suitable for the construction environment of the intertidal zone is one of the key technologies of the simple ocean platform of the intertidal zone.
But each of the pile foundation and the barrel foundation has its own advantages. The pile foundation can bear larger horizontal bearing capacity, the plumb degree of the pile foundation is easier to be ensured in the construction process, and abundant construction experience is accumulated; the barrel-shaped foundation belongs to a large-diameter wide-shallow foundation, has larger vertical rigidity and vertical bearing capacity, but has poorer horizontal bearing capacity and stability, and has difficult guarantee of plumb degree in the process of sinking through a seabed, and has larger construction difficulty.
If pile foundations and barrel-shaped foundations are combined, advantage complementation is realized, and a reasonable combined foundation form is formed. The existing literature discloses a combination mode of a plurality of pile foundations and barrel-shaped foundations, but the existing pile-barrel combination foundations are of various design configurations, so that convenience and feasibility of the construction process are considered less, and construction environments of intertidal zones are also considered less.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN104196053B discloses a detachable barrel foundation simple platform, in which the barrel foundation and jacket are separately constructed and independently installed, and the limitation is that: the perpendicularity of the barrel-shaped foundation in the penetration process is difficult to ensure; after the barrel-shaped foundation is submerged in place, the hollow guide upright column at the upper part of the barrel-shaped foundation can be filled with silt, so that jacket legs are difficult to insert into the guide upright column; after the jacket legs are inserted into the guide upright posts, grouting is performed in the jacket legs for mutual fixation, the connecting method is too simple, construction is performed underwater, the construction quality is difficult to be effectively ensured, and separation, falling and failure between the upper jacket and the lower foundation are possibly caused in the use process.
It is necessary to investigate the structure type of the simple ocean platform suitable for the intertidal zone and the construction method thereof, and the innovation and progress of the prior art are promoted.
The invention comprises the following steps:
in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a simple ocean platform for an intertidal zone and a construction method thereof, wherein piles are firstly constructed, then barrel-shaped foundations are penetrated in a sinking mode, and then an upper platform structure is assembled, so that the pile-barrel combined foundation has high bearing capacity and is convenient to construct.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the simple ocean platform in the intertidal zone is characterized by comprising a lower pile-barrel combined foundation and an upper platform block,
the lower pile barrel combination foundation comprises four barrel-shaped foundations, wherein the barrel-shaped foundations are inverted barrel bodies, the four barrel-shaped foundations are opposite to each other and are distributed at intervals, the four barrel-shaped foundations are connected with each other to form a whole, a sleeve is respectively arranged on the upper part of the outer wall of each barrel-shaped foundation, and a positioning column and a water inlet and outlet valve are respectively arranged at the top of each barrel-shaped foundation;
the upper platform block is formed by welding four upright posts with an upper platform plate, and sleeves matched with the positioning posts are arranged at the lower parts of the outer walls of the four upright posts;
the lower pile bucket combined foundation and the upper platform block are assembled, and four sleeves of the upper platform block are sleeved on four positioning columns of the lower bucket foundation and locked and fixed by locking pieces.
The simple ocean platform for the intertidal zone is characterized in that four barrel-shaped foundations of the lower pile-barrel combined foundation are arranged in a square shape, the barrel-shaped foundations are inverted barrel bodies, every two outer walls of the four barrel-shaped foundations are welded and connected with each other through connecting steel plates, a longitudinal sleeve is welded on the upper part of each barrel-shaped foundation outer wall through a steel pipe, and the four sleeves are located on the diagonal of a square and are symmetrically distributed; a positioning column with a bolt hole is welded at the top of each barrel-shaped foundation, and the positioning columns are eccentrically arranged; the upper end face of each barrel-shaped foundation is also provided with water inlet and outlet valves externally connected with a water pumping system, and the four water inlet and outlet valves are symmetrically arranged in pairs.
The simple ocean platform for the intertidal zone is characterized in that the upper platform block is formed by welding four upright posts with a platform plate, the four upright posts form a square shape, transverse and oblique stay bars are welded between the four upright posts to form a space grid system, the bottoms of the four upright posts are welded with expansion plates, the expansion plates are disc-shaped, and the outer walls of the upright posts are symmetrically welded with sleeves through steel pipes; transverse and oblique stay bars are welded among the four upright posts to form a space grid system.
The simple ocean platform for the intertidal zone is characterized in that the distances between the central axes of the four upright posts of the upper platform block are equal to the distances between the central axes of the four barrel-shaped foundations, and the distances between the central axes of the four sleeves on the upper platform block are equal to the distances between the central axes of the four positioning posts on the barrel-shaped foundations.
The simple ocean platform for the intertidal zone is characterized in that conical pile tips are arranged at the tail ends of the steel piles, trapezoidal pile wings are uniformly and symmetrically arranged at the outer walls of the steel piles close to the upper ends of the steel piles, the upper parts of the pile wings are horizontal and on the same plane, and insertion holes for being inserted and assembled with auxiliary steel rods are formed in the center of the upper end face of each steel pile.
The simple ocean platform for the intertidal zone is characterized in that the lower end of the auxiliary steel bar is provided with a bottom thickening section, and the lower end of the bottom thickening section is provided with tenons which are assembled with the steel piles in an inserting way.
The simple ocean platform for the intertidal zone is characterized in that the inner diameter of the upper platform assembly upper sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the barrel-shaped foundation upper positioning column, and the inner diameter of the barrel-shaped foundation upper sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the steel pile by 1-2 cm.
The construction method of the simple ocean platform in the intertidal zone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Driving four steel piles:
according to the design parameters, four steel piles are vertically driven in the designed sea area, and finally, parameters such as center distance, plumb, soil penetration depth and the like of the four steel piles meet the design requirements;
2) Sleeving a barrel-shaped foundation:
inserting tenons of the auxiliary steel bars into the insertion holes of the steel piles, lifting the barrel-shaped foundation to enable the four sleeves to cover the four auxiliary steel bars and gradually sink, and enabling the barrel-shaped foundation to slowly sink into the sea along the auxiliary steel bars until contacting the seabed and being sleeved on the upper parts of the four steel piles;
3) Connecting the upper platform block:
hoisting the upper platform assembly and sinking the upper platform assembly to the barrel-shaped foundation position, sleeving four positioning columns on the barrel-shaped foundation by four sleeves of the upper platform assembly, and fixing bolt holes on the positioning columns by bolts to realize the mutual fixation and connection of the upper platform assembly and the barrel-shaped foundation;
4) The barrel foundation penetrates the seabed:
the pumping system connected with the water inlet and outlet valves of each barrel-shaped foundation is opened to extract negative pressure, water tanks are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on the platform plate of the upper platform assembly according to the requirement, and the pumping pump pumps seawater to fill each water tank, so that the barrel-shaped foundation penetrates into the seabed to the designed depth along the steel piles under the action of dead weight, the negative pressure and the gravity of the water tanks;
5) Removing the auxiliary steel bar:
and taking out and removing the auxiliary steel bars from the four steel piles, and carrying out necessary detection and verification on the simple ocean platform to finally finish the construction of the simple ocean platform.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the four steel piles are symmetrically positioned at a certain distance outside the barrel-shaped foundation, the distance between the piles is relatively large, the combined pile barrel foundation is large in overall lateral displacement resistance rigidity, and can bear large horizontal load, so that the stability of the ocean platform is greatly improved;
2. the barrel-shaped foundation is sleeved with the steel piles to sink based on the sleeve, only vertical sedimentation can be carried out, horizontal lateral movement does not occur, and as long as the perpendicularity of four steel piles meets the requirement, the perpendicularity of the barrel-shaped foundation automatically meets the requirement, and subsequent leveling and correction are not needed. The problem of perpendicularity in the sinking and penetrating process of the barrel-shaped foundation is converted into the problem of perpendicularity of the steel pile, and the perpendicularity of the positioning steel pile is easy to realize, so that the construction difficulty of the barrel-shaped foundation is reduced as a whole;
3. the pile foundation, the barrel-shaped foundation and the upper platform block are mutually independent, and the method of integrating the pile foundation, the barrel-shaped foundation and the upper platform block is adopted, so that the weight of each independent component is smaller, the requirements on transportation and hoisting of offshore operation and other construction equipment are reduced, and the construction environment of an intertidal zone is adapted;
4. the connection mode between the upper platform block and the barrel-shaped foundation and between the barrel-shaped foundation and the pile foundation is simple, and no complex connection member and construction requirements are required. As long as the sleeve of the barrel-shaped foundation can cover the steel pile and sink to a certain depth, the barrel base and the pile foundation cannot be separated, and the vertical load and the horizontal load can be resisted together;
5. in the construction process, considering that the water level of the intertidal zone is low and the barrel-shaped foundation is difficult to penetrate into the designed depth only by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the barrel-shaped foundation, placing a series of water tanks on a platform plate and pumping seawater for filling, and utilizing the weight of the seawater to assist the barrel-shaped foundation to penetrate into the seabed, so that the method has economy, practicability and rationality;
6. according to the invention, if the simple ocean platform provided by the invention is required to be disassembled and removed in the future, the upper platform assembly can be lifted and removed after the bolts on the positioning posts are disassembled, and in the process of removing the barrel-shaped foundation, the barrel-shaped foundation is only sleeved on the pile foundation, so that the pile foundation has no interference on the floating of the barrel-shaped foundation, the construction is simple and convenient, and the disassembly and the repeated utilization of the simple ocean platform are facilitated.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a top plan view of a four-tub combination base of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a bottom view of a four-tub unified base of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the upper platform assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the upper platform assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the steel pile structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the construction auxiliary steel bar structure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of four steel piles according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a four-tub combined foundation sleeved steel pile of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the upper platform block of the present invention nested into a barrel foundation.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the tank assisted penetration of the bucket foundation of the present invention into the seabed.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the ocean platform of the present invention after construction.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a tub body; 2. a water inlet and outlet valve; 3. a steel pipe; 4. a sleeve; 5. connecting steel plates; 6. positioning columns; 7. bolt holes; 8. a column; 9. an expansion board; 10. a sleeve; 11. a platform plate; 12. a steel pile; 13. conical pile tip; 14. pile wings; 15. a plug-in hole; 16. auxiliary steel bars; 17. a bottom thickening section; 18. a tenon; 19. a water tank; A. sea level; B. sea bed surface.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
referring to the drawings:
the utility model provides a simple and easy platform in intertidal zone, including lower part stake bucket combination basis and upper portion platform group piece, connect steel sheet 5 each other welded connection between four barrel form basis, the upper portion bucket side of each barrel form basis is based on the welding sleeve 4 of steel pipe 3 symmetry, the top welding of each barrel form basis is a reference column 6 of taking bolt hole 7, four barrel form basis and four steel piles 12 of cover in sleeve 4 constitute stake bucket combination basis jointly, upper portion platform group piece is formed by four stand 8 and platform board 11 welding, the welding has horizontal, slant vaulting pole to form space rack system between four stand 8, the bottom side of four stand 8 passes through the welding sleeve 10 of steel pipe symmetry, four sleeve 10 cover of upper portion platform group piece are fixed with bolt (connecting piece) to four reference columns 6 of lower part barrel form basis from this, constitute simple and easy platform.
Four barrel-shaped foundations are arranged in a square shape, the four barrel-shaped foundations are connected with each other by welding through a connecting steel plate 5, a sleeve 4 is symmetrically welded on the upper barrel side of each barrel-shaped foundation on the basis of a steel pipe 3, the sleeve 4 is just positioned on the diagonal line of the square shape, a positioning column 6 with a bolt hole 7 is welded on the top of each barrel-shaped foundation, but the positioning column 6 is not positioned on the central shaft of the top of the barrel body 1, a water inlet and outlet valve 2 is arranged on the top surface of the barrel body 1, and the welded four barrel-shaped foundations are integrally in a symmetrical state, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The sleeve 4 on the barrel-shaped foundation is sleeved on the steel piles 12, so that the four barrel-shaped foundations and the four steel piles 12 form a pile barrel combined foundation. One end of the steel pipe 3 is welded and connected with the barrel side at the upper part of the barrel body 1, the other end of the steel pipe 3 is welded and connected with the sleeve 4, and each welded part is provided with a reinforcing rib. The four sleeves 4 are arranged on the periphery of the barrel-shaped foundation, have no influence on the sealing performance inside the barrel body, and have a certain distance from the central shaft of the barrel-shaped foundation, so that the distance between the four steel piles 12 is relatively larger in the future, and the overall lateral movement resistance rigidity is improved. The four-barrel combined foundation is in a symmetrical state as a whole, the four barrel-shaped foundations are arranged in a square shape, and the central axis connecting lines of the four sleeves 4 are also in a square shape.
The upper platform block is formed by welding four upright posts 8 and a platform plate 11, the square shape is formed by welding four upright posts 8, a space grid system is formed by welding transverse and oblique stay bars between the four upright posts 8, an expansion plate 9 is welded at the bottom of the four upright posts 8, and the bottom side surfaces of the upright posts 8 are symmetrically welded with sleeve pipes 10 through steel pipes, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The bottom of the four upright posts 8 is welded with an expansion plate 9, so that the load of the upper platform can be transferred to a larger foundation area, and the overlarge deformation caused by stress concentration is avoided. The distance between the central axes of the four upright posts 8 of the upper platform block is equal to the distance between the central axes of the four barrel-shaped foundations, so that the load of the upper platform block is transmitted to the central axis of the top surface of the barrel-shaped foundation, and the eccentricity of the foundation due to stress is avoided. The distances between the central axes of the four sleeves 10 on the upper platform block are equal to the distances between the central axes of the four positioning columns 6 on the barrel-shaped foundation, so that the four sleeves 10 can be exactly sleeved on the four positioning columns 6, and effective connection between the upper platform block and the barrel-shaped foundation is realized.
Conical pile tips 13 are arranged at the bottoms of the steel piles 12, ladder-shaped pile wings 14 are uniformly and symmetrically arranged near the upper ends of the steel piles 12, the upper parts of the pile wings 14 are horizontal and on the same plane, and inserting holes 15 with a certain depth are formed in the center of the top surface of the upper end of the steel pile 12, as shown in fig. 5.
The plurality of trapezoidal pile wings 14 are uniformly and symmetrically welded at the same position on the upper part of the steel pile 12, and the top surfaces of the pile wings 14 close to one side of the pile top are horizontal and on the same plane. After the barrel-shaped foundation in the combined foundation is sunk to a certain depth, the sleeve 4 of the barrel-shaped foundation is pressed on the pile wings 14, namely, the pile wings 14 can prevent the barrel-shaped foundation from further sinking, so that part of vertical load is transferred to the steel piles 12, the barrel-shaped foundation and the steel piles bear the vertical load together, and the effective combination of the piles and the barrel-shaped foundation is realized.
The position of the pile wings 14 should be reasonably calculated during the design process. If the pile wings 14 are deep, after the barrel-shaped foundation bears a large vertical load and fully subsides, the sleeve 4 still cannot touch the pile wings 14, and the vertical load cannot be transmitted to the steel pile 12, so that the vertical bearing capacity of the steel pile 12 is not effectively utilized; if the pile wings 14 are shallower, the sleeve 4 presses on the pile wings 14 after the barrel-shaped foundation bears the vertical load and is less settled, so that most of the vertical load is transferred to the steel piles 12, and the vertical bearing capacity of the barrel-shaped foundation is not fully utilized. The more reasonable condition is, the vertical bearing capacity of barrel foundation and steel pile 12 all obtains effective utilization, and the vertical load distribution of both is reasonable, bears the load that upper portion platform transmitted jointly.
The inner diameter of the upper sleeve 10 of the upper platform block is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the positioning column 6 on the barrel-shaped foundation, so that the upper platform block and the barrel-shaped foundation can be conveniently assembled in the construction process. The inner diameter of the sleeve 4 on the barrel-shaped foundation is larger than the outer diameter of the steel pile 12 by 1-2 cm, so that the sleeve 4 is easier to sleeve the steel pile 12 in the construction process. In order to reduce mutual friction, it is even possible to apply a lubricant on the inner wall of the sleeve 4 and on the outer wall of the upper end of the steel pile 12.
The bottom of the auxiliary steel rod 16 is provided with a bottom thickening section 17, the diameter of which gradually transits from thin to thick, and the outer diameter of the bottom thickening section 17 is the same as the outer diameter of the steel pile 12, and the bottom of the auxiliary steel rod 16 is provided with a tenon 18, as shown in fig. 6. The diameter of the tenons 18 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the insertion holes 15 on the steel pile 12, and the length of the tenons 18 is slightly smaller than the depth of the insertion holes 15 on the steel pile 12.
The four-barrel combined foundation, the steel piles 12 and the auxiliary steel bars 16 are all formed by welding steel materials, the strength of each component, welding seams and the whole structure should meet the action requirement of combined load under complex working conditions without yielding, and each component should meet the stress concentration requirement without excessive deformation exceeding the standard.
The construction method of the simple ocean platform in the intertidal zone is described in detail as follows:
1) Driving four steel piles 12:
according to the design parameters, four steel piles 12 are vertically driven in the designated sea area, and finally, the parameters such as center distance, vertical degree, soil penetration depth and the like of the four steel piles 12 meet the design requirements, as shown in fig. 7.
The center distance between the four steel piles 12 is equal to the center distance between the four sleeves 4 on the barrel-shaped foundation. Only if the perpendicularity and the spacing of the four steel piles 12 meet the requirements, the perpendicularity of the subsequent barrel-shaped foundation can be ensured to meet the requirements. The technology converts the requirement of ensuring the perpendicularity of the barrel-shaped foundation into the requirement of the perpendicularity of the steel pile, the perpendicularity of the steel pile is easy to ensure, and the construction experience of various steel piles is rich, so that the aim of reducing the construction difficulty of the barrel-shaped foundation is fulfilled.
2) Sleeving a barrel-shaped foundation:
the tenons 18 of the auxiliary steel bars 16 are inserted into the insertion holes 15 of the steel piles 12, and the barrel-shaped foundation is lifted so that the four sleeves 4 are sleeved on the four auxiliary steel bars 16 and gradually sink, and the barrel-shaped foundation is slowly sunk into the sea along the auxiliary steel bars 16 until contacting the seabed and being sleeved on the upper parts of the four steel piles 12, as shown in fig. 8.
The sinking and penetrating posture of the barrel-shaped foundation depends on the guiding and restraining of the steel pile 12, so that the steel pile 12 can resist various loads in the construction process without lateral movement and inclination. The strength of each component of the barrel-shaped foundation and the steel pile can bear the combined load under the complex working condition without buckling and deformation.
3) Connecting the upper platform block:
the upper platform block is lifted and sunk to the barrel-shaped foundation position, so that four sleeves 10 of the upper platform block are sleeved on four positioning columns 6 on the barrel-shaped foundation, bolt holes 7 on the positioning columns 6 are fixed by bolts, and the upper platform block and the barrel-shaped foundation are mutually fixed and connected, as shown in fig. 9.
Under the effect of the subsequent using load, the upper platform block is pressed on the barrel-shaped foundation, so that the bolts in the bolt holes 7 only play a role in bolting, and separation and falling off between the upper platform block and the barrel-shaped foundation under special conditions are prevented. Horizontal load applied to the upper platform assembly in the future is transmitted to the barrel-shaped foundation through the four positioning columns 6, so that the sleeve 10 and the positioning columns 6 have enough strength and rigidity to bear the combined load under complex working conditions without buckling and deformation.
4) The barrel foundation penetrates the seabed:
the pumping system connected with the water inlet and outlet valves 2 of each barrel-shaped foundation is opened to extract negative pressure, water tanks 19 are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on the platform plate 11 of the upper platform assembly according to the requirement, and the water tanks 19 are filled with seawater by pumping water, so that the barrel-shaped foundation penetrates into the seabed to the designed depth along the steel piles 12 under the action of dead weight, negative pressure and water tank gravity, as shown in fig. 10.
Under the condition that the perpendicularity of the four steel piles 12 meets the requirement, the barrel-shaped foundation penetrates into the seabed along the four steel piles 12, the perpendicularity automatically meets the requirement, and leveling and repeated checking are not needed in the construction process. The construction process is greatly simplified, the construction difficulty is greatly reduced, and the offshore operation time is shortened, so that the construction cost is reduced.
Considering the actual situation that the water level of the intertidal zone is shallower, the barrel-shaped foundation is difficult to sink to the designed depth under the action of negative pressure, a series of water tanks are placed on the platform plate, seawater is pumped for filling, and the weight of the seawater is utilized to assist the barrel-shaped foundation to penetrate into the seabed, so that the barrel-shaped foundation has economy, practicability and rationality. The water filling of the water tank is symmetrically and uniformly carried out along the central axis of the platform plate 11, so that uneven load is avoided. And the water tank itself should have sufficient strength, and when the multi-layered water tank is stacked, the lowest water tank should bear the upper load without breakage.
The density of seawater is generally 1.025g/cm 3 I.e. 1m 3 Is about 1t heavy. If a large number of water tanks are filled together, the water reaches 10m 3 A vertical load of 10t can be applied to the barrel-shaped foundation, and if the water tanks are filled with water together for 20m 3 A vertical load of 20t may be applied to the barrel foundation. The water tank is generally made of plastic, has lower cost and can be recycled. Therefore, the method is an inexpensive and efficient construction method by pumping seawater according to local conditions to apply vertical load to the barrel-shaped foundation. Particularly, the total weight of the water tank can exceed the subsequent use load in the loading process, so that the vertical sedimentation is not generated in the subsequent use process of the ocean platform, and the overall stability of the ocean platform is improved.
5) Removing the auxiliary steel bar 16:
and taking out and removing the auxiliary steel bars 16 from the four steel piles 12, and carrying out necessary detection and verification on the simple ocean platform to finally finish the construction of the simple ocean platform.
Under the effect of the subsequent use load, the barrel-shaped foundation is restrained and limited by the four steel piles, so long as the steel piles have larger soil penetration depth and higher rigidity, the perpendicularity of the barrel-shaped foundation can still be effectively ensured, and the normal function of the ocean platform at the upper part of the foundation is ensured.
The simple ocean platform in the intertidal zone has the advantages that the overall lateral displacement resistance rigidity of the pile barrel foundation is high, and the pile barrel foundation can bear large horizontal load, so that the stability of the ocean platform is greatly improved; the barrel-shaped foundation is sleeved with the steel piles based on the sleeve to sink, only vertical sedimentation can be carried out, horizontal lateral movement is avoided, and as long as the verticality of four steel piles meets the requirement, the verticality of the barrel-shaped foundation automatically meets the requirement, and subsequent leveling and correction are not needed; the pile foundation, the barrel-shaped foundation and the upper platform block are mutually independent, and the method of integrating the pile foundation, the barrel-shaped foundation and the upper platform block is adopted, so that the weight of each independent component is smaller, the requirements on transportation and lifting of offshore operation and other construction equipment are reduced, and the construction environment of an intertidal zone is adapted; the connection mode between the upper platform block and the barrel-shaped foundation and between the barrel-shaped foundation and the pile foundation is simple, and no complex connection member and construction requirements are required; a series of water tanks are placed on the platform plate, seawater is pumped for filling, and the weight of the seawater is utilized to assist the barrel-shaped foundation to penetrate the seabed, so that the method has economy, practicability and rationality; because the barrel-shaped foundation is only sleeved on the steel pile foundation, the steel pile foundation has no blocking effect on the floating of the barrel-shaped foundation in the process of removing the barrel-shaped foundation, and the construction is simple and convenient, and is favorable for disassembly and repeated use.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and according to the above-described matters, the present invention may be modified, replaced or altered in various equivalent ways without departing from the basic technical spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention, according to the general technical knowledge and conventional means in the art.
Claims (2)
1. The simple ocean platform for the intertidal zone is characterized by comprising a lower pile-barrel combined foundation and an upper platform assembly, wherein the lower pile-barrel combined foundation comprises four barrel-shaped foundations and four steel piles sleeved in sleeves, the barrel-shaped foundations are inverted barrel bodies, the four barrel-shaped foundations are opposite to each other and are distributed at intervals, the four barrel-shaped foundations are mutually connected to form a whole, a sleeve is respectively arranged on the outer wall of each barrel-shaped foundation, and a positioning column and a water inlet and outlet valve are respectively arranged at the top of each barrel-shaped foundation; the upper platform block is formed by welding four upright posts with an upper platform plate, and sleeves matched with the positioning posts are arranged at the lower parts of the outer walls of the four upright posts; the lower pile barrel combined foundation and the upper platform block are assembled, and four sleeves of the upper platform block are sleeved on four positioning columns of the lower barrel-shaped foundation and locked and fixed by locking pieces;
the four barrel-shaped foundations of the lower pile barrel combination foundation are arranged in a square shape, the barrel-shaped foundations are inverted barrel bodies, two outer walls of the four barrel-shaped foundations are welded and connected with each other through connecting steel plates, a longitudinal sleeve is welded on the upper part of each barrel-shaped foundation outer wall through a steel pipe, and the four sleeves are located on the diagonal line of the square and are symmetrically distributed; a positioning column with a bolt hole is welded at the top of each barrel-shaped foundation, and the positioning columns are eccentrically arranged; the upper end surface of each barrel-shaped foundation is also provided with water inlet and outlet valves externally connected with a water pumping system, and the four water inlet and outlet valves are symmetrically arranged in pairs;
the upper platform assembly is formed by welding four upright posts and a platform plate, the four upright posts form a square shape, transverse and oblique stay bars are welded between the four upright posts to form a space grid system, the bottoms of the four upright posts are welded with expansion plates, the expansion plates are disc-shaped, and the outer walls of the upright posts are symmetrically welded with sleeves through steel pipes; the distances between the central axes of the four upright posts of the upper platform block are equal to the distances between the central axes of the four barrel-shaped foundation, and the distances between the central axes of the four sleeves on the upper platform block are equal to the distances between the central axes of the four positioning posts on the barrel-shaped foundation;
the tail end of the steel pile is provided with a conical pile tip, the outer wall of the steel pile is uniformly and symmetrically provided with trapezoidal pile wings close to the upper end, the upper parts of the pile wings are horizontal and on the same plane, and the center of the upper end face of the steel pile is provided with an inserting hole for inserting and assembling with the auxiliary steel rod;
the lower end of the auxiliary steel bar is provided with a bottom thickening section, and the lower end of the bottom thickening section is provided with a tenon which is inserted and assembled with the steel pile;
the inner diameter of the upper sleeve pipe of the upper platform assembly is larger than the outer diameter of the positioning column on the barrel-shaped foundation, and the inner diameter of the sleeve pipe on the barrel-shaped foundation is larger than the outer diameter of the steel pile by 1-2 cm.
2. A construction method of the simple ocean platform in the intertidal zone according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: 1) Driving four steel piles: driving four steel piles vertically in a designed sea area according to design parameters, and finally enabling the center distance, the vertical degree of sagging and the penetration depth of the four steel piles to meet the design requirements; 2) Sleeving a barrel-shaped foundation: inserting tenons of the auxiliary steel bars into the insertion holes of the steel piles, lifting the barrel-shaped foundation to enable the four sleeves to cover the four auxiliary steel bars and gradually sink, and enabling the barrel-shaped foundation to slowly sink into the sea along the auxiliary steel bars until contacting the seabed and being sleeved on the upper parts of the four steel piles; 3) Connecting the upper platform block: hoisting the upper platform assembly and sinking the upper platform assembly to the barrel-shaped foundation position, sleeving four positioning columns on the barrel-shaped foundation by four sleeves of the upper platform assembly, and fixing bolt holes on the positioning columns by bolts to realize the mutual fixation and connection of the upper platform assembly and the barrel-shaped foundation; 4) The barrel foundation penetrates the seabed: the pumping system connected with the water inlet and outlet valves of each barrel-shaped foundation is opened to extract negative pressure, water tanks are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on the platform plate of the upper platform assembly according to the requirement, and the pumping pump pumps seawater to fill each water tank, so that the barrel-shaped foundation penetrates into the seabed to the designed depth along the steel piles under the action of dead weight, the negative pressure and the gravity of the water tanks; 5) Removing the auxiliary steel bar: and taking out and removing the auxiliary steel bars from the four steel piles, and carrying out necessary detection and verification on the simple ocean platform to finally finish the construction of the simple ocean platform.
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| CN110747882B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-01-08 | 中国海洋大学 | Nail type anti-sinking plate for ocean engineering, jacket and construction method |
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