CN1069292A

CN1069292A - Processing method for composite material with metallic base

Info

Publication number: CN1069292A
Application number: CN91105508A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钱翰城; 彭晓东
Original assignee: Chongqing University
Current assignee: Chongqing University
Priority date: 1991-08-06
Filing date: 1991-08-06
Publication date: 1993-02-24
Anticipated expiration: 2006-08-06
Also published as: CN1030402C

Abstract

A kind of manufacture method of metal-base composites, the matrix material that makes is made up of the oxide compound (as aluminum oxide) that body material (as aluminium) and disperse are distributed in the matrix.By making the atomizing of fusion matrix metal, direct oxidation takes place simultaneously generate oxide compound, deposit to then on the substrate, body material solidifies and forms the metal-base composites with disperse distribution oxide compound.The oxide compound that direct oxidation generates combines with basal body interface well, and matrix material has good wear resistance and high-temperature behavior.

Description

Processing method for composite material with metallic base

The invention belongs to a kind of processing method that oxide compound strengthens metal-base composites of making.

English Patent GB2115014A has announced a kind of spray co-deposition process for preparing the metal-base particles matrix material.This technology is to make the atomizing of fusion matrix metal with neutrality or reducing gas, simultaneously solid-state enhanced granule is joined in the liquid metal jet, therefore need a solid granulates delivery system independently, and the enhanced granule that must be prepared in advance, and these particles are that oxide compound is (as Al usually than the matrix metal costliness when adding particle ₂O ₃) time, the interface of itself and matrix is a mechanical bond.

U.S. Lanxlde company has proposed a kind of method (Chinese patent 89100159X) of producing metal-base composites, this method is molten metal to be contacted with oxygenant with impermeable precast billet and oxidizing reaction takes place, molten metal continues to make oxidizing reaction constantly to carry out by oxidation reaction product then, if with particle, strongtheners such as whisker are placed on the molten metal vicinal faces, then need mould sealed the sufficiently long time so that the abundant spontaneous infiltration of molten metal, solidify then and obtain matrix material.This method technology is complicated, and the reaction times is longer.

The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, provide a kind of and need not add solid-state particle transport system, adopt oxidizing gas to make the atomizing of fusion body material, oxidation fast simultaneously, and deposition solidify, and form the novel method of metal-base composites.

Processing method of the present invention comprises the steps:

(1) adopts a kind of molten metal gas atomization device, make molten metal from atomizing nozzle intermediate flow mistake, and the ejection at a high speed around the liquid stream of the oxidizing gas with certain pressure, and intersect with liquid stream, make molten metal be atomized into a large amount of tiny drops, form injection stream.

(2) gas atomization of the oxidized property of molten metal the time, oxidizing reaction takes place and generates one deck oxide compound in the surface of these drops immediately.In flight course subsequently, keep in touch with oxidizing gas all the time, and proceed oxidation.

(3) under the jetting action of air-flow, a large amount of drops that these surfaces have one deck oxide compound deposit on the solid substrate, because the mutual collision in the flight course between the drop, the collision of drop and substrate when depositing on the substrate, the oxide compound on drop surface takes place broken, inner not oxidized liquid metal then is out of shape to be sprawled, and rapid solidification, thereby forms the metal-base composites with disperse distribution oxide compound.

It is atomizing medium that the characteristics of present method adopt oxidizing gas exactly, makes the fusion matrix metal in being atomized into the process of a large amount of drops, and these drop surfaces simultaneously direct oxidation take place and generate one deck oxide compound, and deposition is solidified then.The time of oxidizing reaction is very short, need not add any strongthener.

Utilization present method, but metal and alloys thereof such as body material aluminium, magnesium, also NiAL superalloy and contain aluminium or other alloy of magnesium.Therefore, in the matrix material that present method is made, oxide compound can be a kind of, and is also multiple.But flow into the shape garden shape of the liquid flow section of atomizing nozzle, also orthogonal is determined according to producing needs.Atomizing nozzle can be one or more, also fixed or move around.

But atomizing gas oxygen, also oxygen and nitrogen, or oxygen and Air mixing gas.Regulate the oxygen level in the atmosphere, can obtain the oxide compound of different content, the volume percent of oxide compound can reach 50% in the matrix material, and is general preferable in 5%～35% scope.Can obtain the oxide particle of different size by control spray technology parameter.

The material of substrate can be a metal or alloy, and as cast iron, steel or copper alloy, the shape of substrate can be dull and stereotyped, the drum or the wheel that rotate, or forming mould, substrate should have certain Quench ability, the matrix material that deposits on the substrate can be solidified rapidly, and its solidification cooling is 2 * 10 ²-10 ⁴Between the K/S.Matrix material after deposition is solidified can take off from substrate.Matrix material after deposition is solidified also can be integral with substrate-like, obtains stratified material, is the steel band that at the uniform velocity moves as substrate, then can deposit one deck matrix material in steel strip surface.Substrate surface should not have aqueous vapor or other stain, and substrate temperature is decided on the final situation of matrix material, but the highest 0.4～0.6 times (centigradetemperature) that is no more than the body material fusing point.

The matrix material that processing method of the present invention is made is the oxide compound that generated by the direct oxidation of fusion body material and body material be combined into.This oxide compound has bigger activity, and surface no-pollution, exists continuous structure with matrix metal, has good interface to combine, and the composite property that identical oxide particle makes is superior far beyond adding.The matrix material that this technology is made can directly be used, and also can carry out aftertreatment, as hot rolling, cold rolling, hot extrusion etc., with the density and the strength property of further raising matrix material.

Accompanying drawing is depicted as process schematic representation of the present invention, wherein:

1-fusion matrix metal

The 2-weather gage

3-atomizing gas pipe switch

4-atomizing gas transport pipe

5-refractory materials plunger

6-is incubated crucible

The 7-thrust-augmenting nozzle

The 8-atomizing nozzle

The 9-spray orifice that atomizes

The 10-substrate

The 11-matrix material

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical process of the present invention is described further:

At first, the parent metal 1 that melts is poured in the end leakage formula insulation crucible 6, and keeps certain liquid level, adjust atomization pressure 2 and make it reach needed numerical value, open then the air valve 3 refractory material plunger 5 that moves up simultaneously, make motlten metal flow into atomizer 8 through mozzle, oxidizing gas 4 meets with flow of molten metal from a high speed ejection of spray orifice 9, make its atomizing, oxidation taking place simultaneously, deposit to then on the substrate 10, solidifies formation composite 11.

Embodiment 1:

Body material is a metallic aluminium, the liquid flow diameter is 3～5mm, temperature of superheat is 40～80 ℃, atomizing gas is the mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen, stagnation pressure is that 0.6～1.2MPa, oxygen partial pressure always are 0.2～0.5 than P oxygen/P, and the deposition distance is 150～350mm, and substrate is steel plate or copper alloy plate, 20 ℃～250 ℃ of temperature, the Al/Al that makes ₂O ₃Matrix material, dense structure, aluminum oxide dispersion distributes, and is of a size of 0.5～10um, and volumn concentration 10～35% compares with body material, and the intensity of matrix material, hardness, wear resistance and high warm nature all are significantly increased.

Embodiment 2:

Body material is the AL-Sl8% alloy, temperature of superheat is 50 ℃, the liquid flow diameter is 4mm, and atomizing gas is the mixed gas of air+oxygen, and stagnation pressure P always is 0.9MPa, the oxygen partial pressure ratio always is 0.3 for P oxygen/P, the deposition distance is 200mm, and substrate is a steel plate, and temperature is 25 ℃, in the matrix material that makes, oxide compound is with AL ₂O ₃Be main, a spot of SlO is arranged ₂, being of a size of 1.0-15um, volumn concentration is 15-18%.Compare with body material, the obvious refinement of the crystal grain of matrix material, hardness, wear resistance all is significantly increased.

Claims

1, a kind of oxide compound strengthens the manufacture method of metal-base composites, and this method comprises:

A, a kind of molten metal gas atomization device of employing, molten metal is flow through from atomizing nozzle, and the atomizing gas with certain pressure sprays at a high speed around molten metal bath stream, and intersects with liquid stream, make molten metal be atomized into a large amount of tiny drops, form injection stream;

B, atomizing medium are oxidizing gas, make the fusion body material when being atomized into a large amount of drops, and oxidation takes place fast on these drop surfaces, and generates sull;

C, surface have a large amount of drops of sull, under the gas injection effect, deposit on the solid substrate, and drop deformation is sprawled, and the oxide film fragmentation is disperse and distributes, and body material solidifies and forms the oxide compound reinforced composite.

2, processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the speed of cooling in the body material process of setting is: 3 * 10 ²K/S-10 ⁴K/S.

3, according to the described processing method of claim 1.2, it is characterized in that: body material can be metallic aluminium, magnesium and alloy thereof and other alloys that contain a certain amount of aluminium or magnesium.

4, according to the described processing method of claim 1.2, it is characterized in that: substrate material can be cast iron, steel or the copper alloy with certain Quench ability, can be arbitrary shape, and its temperature should be lower than 0.5-0.6 times (ceslius scale) of body material fusing point.

5, processing method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the oxide compound that is generated by the body material direct oxidation can be more than one, and the volume percent of oxide compound can reach 50%, and is general preferable in the scope of 5%-35%.

6, processing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: atomizing medium can be the mixed gas of oxygen, air or oxygen and other any rare gas element, the atomizing gas stagnation pressure is not less than 0.6MPa, and wherein, the dividing potential drop of oxygen should be not less than 0.2 times of stagnation pressure.