CN106929008B - 一种钾离子荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种钾离子荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- -1 sulfonate radical Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethane Chemical compound CCI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical group COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl iodide Chemical compound CCCI PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKORSYDQYFVQNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CCCOS(C)(=O)=O DKORSYDQYFVQNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000254173 Coleoptera Species 0.000 claims 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims 1
- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-BJUDXGSMSA-N iodoethane Chemical group [11CH3]CI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- DRSHXJFUUPIBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1ccc(cc1)N1N=CC2C=NC(Nc3cc(OC)c(OC)c(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)c3)=NC12 Chemical compound COc1ccc(cc1)N1N=CC2C=NC(Nc3cc(OC)c(OC)c(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)c3)=NC12 DRSHXJFUUPIBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明提供一种钾离子荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,本发明的钾离子荧光探针以苯基氮杂‑18‑冠‑6‑胺为识别基团,以半菁染料基团为荧光基团,具有对环境敏感、水溶性好,检测准确度高,对钾离子浓度变化响应迅速等优点,是一种比色的、即时的比率型钾离子检测探针,可制备为检测试纸,根据试纸颜色变化实现钾离子含量高低的快速检测,本发明的钾离子荧光探针有望在中药注射液和红酒及人体尿液或血液等方面检测钾离子浓度,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物材料领域,涉及一种钾离子荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
苯基氮杂-18-冠-6-胺是一种能够与钾离子特异响应的识别基团;半菁染料作为荧光基团,可用于发光材料、化学传感器以及标记生物分子。
钾离子是广泛存在于人体、动物、植物和很多食品、饮品、药品中,并在其中发挥着重要的作用。尿钾正常值为25~125mmol/24h,当人体患有原发性或继发性醛固酮增多症、肾性高血压、糖尿病酮症等疾病时,尿钾会高过正常值;而当患有艾迪生病、严重肾小球肾炎、肾盂肾炎、肾硬化、急性或慢性肾功能衰竭等疾病时,尿钾会低于正常值。因此检测尿钾浓度能够用来协助诊断某些疾病。钾离子在中药注射液中广泛存在,《中药注射剂研制指导原则及有关规定汇编》对中药注射剂中钾离子进行了限量控制,规定钾离子应在1.0mg/mL以下,钾离子浓度过高时,中药注射剂的有效性及安全性会受到影响。由此可见,钾离子在人的疾病诊断和药物安全方面发挥着重要作用。
目前已经存在的钾离子的检测方法有离子电极法、火焰广度法、电化学法等,但这些方法具有很大局限性,如仪器昂贵、处理复杂、费时等,不利于检测。荧光探针检测技术由于灵敏度高,操作方便,可以实时监测等优点而得到了广泛应用。
目前大部分荧光探针是通过单波长的光学信号强度来检测钾离子浓度,得到的结果受外界影响很大,因此开发一种可以用于水溶液的比率型探针是很重要的。另外,利用荧光分光光度计和紫外可见光分光光度计等仪器来检测钾离子的浓度变化,给检测钾离子带来了很大的局限性,基于此,开发可以裸眼检测水液体样中钾离子浓度的荧光探针成为目前亟待解决的课题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种钾离子荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
为达到此发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一方面,本发明提供一种钾离子荧光探针,所述钾离子荧光探针具有如下所示的结构:
其中X为卤素或磺酸根。
本发明的钾离子荧光探针在加入钾离子时,识别基团苯基氮杂-18-冠-6-胺与钾离子螯合,使其供电子能力减弱,发生分子内电荷转移(ICT)效应,使探针的紫外吸收发生蓝移,具有很好的比率响应。其吸光度比值与钾离子浓度有很好的线性关系,这样就可以通过线性方程得到水溶液中钾离子浓度。
在本发明中,所述卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘。
优选地,所述X为氯、溴或碘,进一步优选为碘。
另一方面,本发明提供了如上所述钾离子荧光探针的制备方法,所述方法为:利用式I所示化合物与式II所示化合物反应得到所述钾离子荧光探针,反应式如下:
优选地,在本发明所述制备方法中,所述式I所示化合物与式II所示化合物的摩尔比为(1-2):1,例如1:1、1.1:1、1.2:1、1.3:1、1.4:1、1.5:1、1.6:1、1.7:1、1.8:1、1.9:1或2:1。
优选地,所述反应的溶剂为无水乙醇、无水甲醇或无水乙腈中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述反应在回流下进行。
优选地,所述反应的时间为2-24小时,例如2小时、4小时、6小时、8小时、10小时、12小时、14小时、16小时、18小时、20小时、22小时或24小时,优选5-12小时。
在本发明中,所用原料式I所示化合物与式II所示化合物可以根据现有制备方法制备得到。
优选地,以式III所示化合物为原料经VH反应制备得到式I所示化合物,即利用式III所示化合物与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺在三氯氧磷作用下发生反应,得到式I所示化合物(例如根据Hans-Jürgen Holdt课题组的文献Chem.Eur.J.2013,19,14911-14917中报道的方法进行合成),反应式如下:
在本发明中,所述VH(Vilsmeier-Haauc)反应是指芳香化合物与二取代甲酰胺在三氯氧磷作用下,反应生成芳环上甲酰化产物的过程,其是芳烃甲酰化的重要手段,本领域技术人员可以知晓其具体的操作过程。
优选地,式II所示化合物通过式IV所示化合物与卤代烷烃或磺酸酯在加热回流下反应得到(例如可以根据Fuyou Li课题组报道的文献Chemical Communications,2016,52,7466-7469的合成方法),反应式如下:
优选地,所述式IV所示化合物与卤代烷烃或磺酸酯的摩尔比为1:(1-3),例如1:1、1:1.2、1:1.5、1:1.8、1:2、1:2.2、1:2.4、1:2.6、1:2.8或1:3。
优选地,所述卤代烷烃为氯代乙烷、溴代乙烷、溴代丙烷、碘乙烷或碘丙烷中的任意一种,优选碘乙烷。
优选地,所述磺酸酯为甲基磺酸甲酯、甲基磺酸乙酯或甲基磺酸丙酯。
优选地,所述反应的时间为5-20小时,例如5小时、6小时、7小时、8小时、9小时、10小时、12小时、14小时、16小时、18小时或20小时,优选8-12小时。
另一方面,本发明提供一种钾离子检测试剂,所述钾离子检测试剂包括如上所述的钾离子荧光探针。
本发明所述的钾离子荧光探针可以作为钾离子检测试剂应用于水溶液中钾离子的检测,具有紫外吸收比率响应效应,所以可以通过吸光度比值与钾离子浓度的线性关系进行分析,可用于检测各种样品中钾离子的含量,尤其是可用于检测人体血液或尿液中钾离子含量,对于评估人体健康以及疾病风险具有重大意义。
另一方面,本发明提供一种钾离子检测试纸,所述钾离子检测试纸包含如上所述的钾离子荧光探针。
在本发明中所述钾离子检测试纸上由于含有所述钾离子荧光探针,使用时将检测试纸放置于检测样品溶液中或者将检测样品溶液滴至检测试纸上,观察可见光下的颜色变化,结果显示随着钾离子浓度增大,可见光下试纸由深红色变为黄色,可以实现样品的及时检测。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明的钾离子荧光探针以苯基氮杂-18-冠-6-胺为识别基团,以半菁染料基团为荧光基团,具有对环境敏感、水溶性好,检测准确度高,对钾离子浓度变化响应迅速等优点,是一种比色的、即时的比率型钾离子检测探针。
(2)本发明的钾离子检测试纸可以选择性地与钾离子作用,由深红色变为黄色,可肉眼分辨,裸眼检测液体样中钾离子含量高低,实现钾离子含量的快速检测。
(3)本发明的钾离子荧光探针有望在中药注射液和红酒及人体尿液或血液等方面检测钾离子浓度,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明的钾离子荧光探针的高分辨质谱图;
图2A为本发明的钾离子荧光探针的Tris/CTAB缓冲液体系在不同钾离子浓度(0mM-200mM)下的紫外吸收光谱图;
图2B为本发明的钾离子荧光探针的Tris/CTAB缓冲液体系在438nm和515nm下的紫外吸光度比值A438/A515以及A515/A438随钾离子浓度的变化图;
图3A为本发明的钾离子荧光探针的水溶液体系在不同钾离子浓度(0mM-200mM)下的紫外吸收光谱图;
图3B为本发明的钾离子荧光探针的水溶液体系在438nm和515nm下的紫外吸光度比值A438/A515以及A515/A438随钾离子浓度的变化图;
图3C为显示图3A和图3B上吸光度比值(A438/A515)差别的图;
图4A为本发明的钾离子荧光探针对钾离子溶液以及其他金属离子溶液的紫外吸收谱图;
图4B为本发明的钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子溶液以及其他金属或碱金属离子溶液时在438nm处与515nm处的紫外吸光度比值A438/A515;
图5A为存在其他金属或碱金属离子时,本发明的钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子时呈现的紫外吸收谱图;
图5B为存在其他金属或碱金属离子时,本发明的钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子时在438nm处与515nm处的紫外吸光度比值A438/A515;
图6A为向本发明的钾离子荧光探针的Tris//CTAB缓冲液体系中加入钾离子溶液前后的紫外吸收谱图;
图6B为向本发明的钾离子荧光探针的Tris//CTAB缓冲液体系中加入钾离子溶液后钾离子荧光探针在在438nm处与515nm处的紫外吸光度比值A438/A515随时间的变化;
图7A为本发明的钾离子荧光探针的缓冲液体系在激发波长λ=438nm时的荧光发射光谱;
图7B为本发明的钾离子荧光探针的缓冲液体系在激发波长λ=515nm时的荧光发射光谱;
图8为本发明的钾离子荧光探针制备得到的试纸条在不同浓度的氯化钾溶液中的显色情况。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
本发明所述荧光探针的制备方法是:由已知方法合成化合物I和化合物II,然后二者反应得到钾离子荧光探针,具体是:
将化合物I(0.35mmol)和化合物II(0.3mmol)加入到10mL无水乙醇中,加热至回流,反应10小时后冷至室温。将反应液减压蒸发浓缩得粗产品,将粗产物通过柱色谱纯化(硅胶,二氯甲烷/甲醇=1:2,v/v),得到红色固体化合物,收率92.2%,其结构如下:
如图1为测定产物的高分辨质谱图,高分辨质谱测定结果:Calcd.[M-I]-:611.3639;found value[M-I]-:611.3755。
实施例2
将化合物I(0.3mmol)和化合物II(0.3mmol)加入到10mL无水甲醇中,加热至回流,反应5小时后冷至室温。将反应液减压蒸发浓缩得粗产品,将粗产物通过柱色谱纯化(硅胶,二氯甲烷/甲醇=1:2,v/v),得到红色固体化合物,收率93.4%,其高分辨质谱测定结果:Calcd.[M-I]-:611.3639;found value[M-I]-:611.3734。
实施例3
将化合物I(0.6mmol)和化合物II(0.3mmol)加入到15mL无水乙腈中,加热至回流,反应12小时后冷至室温。将反应液减压蒸发浓缩得粗产品,将粗产物通过柱色谱纯化(硅胶,二氯甲烷/甲醇=1:2,v/v),得到红色固体化合物,收率92.4%,其高分辨质谱测定结果:Calcd.[M-I]-:611.3639;found value[M-I]-:611.3688。
实施例4
用Tris(5mM,pH=7.4)/CTAB(0.5mM)的缓冲液配制实施例1制备得到的钾离子荧光探针的溶液(2.5mL,5μM),通过紫外可见分光光度法测试其在不同钾离子浓度(0mM-200mM)下的紫外吸收光谱,如图2A所示;并分析该探针溶液的紫外吸光度比值(A438/A515)与钾离子浓度的线性关系,如图2B所示。
结果显示在探针溶液加入钾离子后,紫外吸收光谱蓝移,蓝移程度随着钾离子浓度的增大而增大。而且钾离子浓度在0mM到200mM范围时,紫外吸收波长发生了77nm的蓝移,具有很好的比率响应性。该探针溶液紫外吸光度比值(A438/A515)与钾离子浓度有很好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=0.5416+0.0056X(R2=0.9957)。
实施例5
用自来水配制2.5mL实施例1制备的钾离子荧光探针的溶液(5μM),同样通过紫外可见分光光度法测试其在不同钾离子浓度(0Mm-200mM)下的紫外吸收光谱,如图3A所示。分析该探针溶液的紫外吸光度比值(A438/A515)与钾离子浓度的线性关系,如图3A所示。还分析了图3A和图3B上吸光度比值差别,如图3C所示。
结果显示用自来水样配制的探针溶液和用Tris(5mM,pH=7.4)/CTAB(0.5mM)的缓冲液配制的探针溶液的测试结果是非常相近的。在探针水溶液加入钾离子后,紫外吸收光谱也会蓝移,蓝移程度也随着钾离子浓度的增大而增大。而且钾离子浓度在0mM到200mM范围时,该探针溶液紫外吸光度比值(A438/A515)与钾离子浓度同样有很好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=0.55595+0.0053X(R2=0.9883)。用Tris(5mM,pH=7.4)/CTAB(0.5mM)的缓冲液和自来水样配制探针溶液后,吸光度比值(A438/A515)在各个钾离子浓度下差别很小。
实施例6
用Tris(5mM,pH=7.4)/CTAB(0.5mM)的缓冲液配制探针(2.5mL,5μM),分别向不含钾离子的探针溶液及含有200mM钾离子的探针溶液中加入生理浓度的Al(NO3)3(2.5mM),Ba(NO3)2(2.5mM),CaCl2(0.5mM),Cu(NO3)2(16mM),Fe(NO3)3(18mM),MgCl2(0.9mM),Zn(NO3)2(2.5mM),NaCl(15mM)。通过紫外可见分光光度法测试其对不同金属离子的选择性,图4A示出了钾离子荧光探针对钾离子溶液以及如上所述的其他离子溶液(图中标记为其他)的紫外吸收谱图,图4B示出了钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子溶液以及如上所述的其他金属或碱金属离子溶液时在438nm处与515nm处的紫外吸光度比值(A438/A515)。通过紫外可见分光光度法测试钾离子荧光探针在检测钾离子时的抗干扰能力,如图5A示出了在存在如上所述的其他金属或碱金属离子时,钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子时呈现的紫外吸收谱图,如图5A可见存在Al3+、Ca2+、Hg2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Mn2+和Na+离子时,钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子时呈现的紫外吸收谱图几乎重合,图5B示出了存在如上所述的其他离子时,钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子时在438nm处与515nm处的紫外吸光度比值(A438/A515),由图5B可见,存在Al3+、Ca2 +、Hg2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Mn2+和Na+离子时,钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子时在438nm处与515nm处的紫外吸光度比值几乎相等。
结果显示探针对钾离子有很好的选择性,只对钾离子产生响应,对其他金属离子基本上没有响应;当用钾离子荧光探针检测钾离子时,存在其他不同的金属离子时,钾离子荧光探针的响应没有受到其他金属或碱金属离子的干扰。
实施例7
用Tris(5mM,pH=7.4)/CTAB(0.5mM)的缓冲液配制实施例1制备得到的钾离子荧光探针溶液(2.5mL,5μM),加入钾离子后,通过紫外可见分光光度法测试其紫外吸收光谱,图6A示出了加入钾离子溶液前后紫外吸收谱图的变化,图6B示出了在不同时间点钾离子荧光探针对钾离子响应的A438/A515的紫外吸光度比值。
结果显示,加入钾离子溶液后,钾离子荧光探针的紫外吸收峰发生蓝移,并且该探针能够快速响应钾离子,在加入钾离子1min内时,紫外吸收光谱就达到稳定状态。
实施例8
用Tris(5mM,pH=7.4)/CTAB(0.5mM)的缓冲液配制实施例1制备得到的钾离子荧光探针的溶液(2.5mL,5μM),在不同钾离子浓度(0mM-200mM)下,通过荧光分光光度法测试其荧光发射光谱,如图7A为激发波长λ=438nm时得到的荧光发射光谱,图7B为激发波长λ=515nm时得到的荧光发射光谱。
结果显示,在加入钾离子时,用荧光分光光度法分析显示,探针的荧光光谱在加入钾离子后发生蓝移。
实施例9
用含有0.002mg/mL的实施例1所制备得到的钾离子荧光探针的溶液浸泡滤纸,然后烘干制成试纸条,将其浸入不同浓度的氯化钾水溶液(0mM、1mM、10mM、100mM、1000mM),观察试纸条在不同浓度的氯化钾溶液中的显色情况,并在可见光及紫外灯下拍照,如图8所示。
结果显示,随着钾离子浓度增大,试纸条的颜色由红色逐渐变成了黄色,与利用探针溶液检测钾离子时的颜色变化一致。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的钾离子荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述实施例才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (19)
1.一种钾离子荧光探针,其特征在于,所述钾离子荧光探针具有如下所示的结构:
其中X为卤素或磺酸根。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钾离子荧光探针,其特征在于,所述X为氯、溴或碘。
3.根据权利要求2所述的钾离子荧光探针,其特征在于,所述X为碘。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的钾离子荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法为:利用式I所示化合物与式II所示化合物反应得到所述钾离子荧光探针,反应式如下:
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述式I所示化合物与式II所示化合物的摩尔比为(1-2):1。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的溶剂为无水乙醇、无水甲醇或无水乙腈中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应在回流下进行。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的时间为2-24 小时。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的时间为5-12小时。
10.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,式I所示化合物以式III所示化合物为原料经VH反应制备得到,反应式如下:
11.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,式II所示化合物通过式IV所示化合物与卤代烷烃或磺酸酯在加热回流下反应得到,反应式如下:
12.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述式IV所示化合物与卤代烷烃或磺酸酯的摩尔比为1:(1-3)。
13.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述卤代烷烃为氯代乙烷、溴代乙烷、溴代丙烷、碘乙烷或碘丙烷中的任意一种。
14.根据权利要求13所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述卤代烷烃为碘乙烷。
15.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述磺酸酯为甲基磺酸甲酯、甲基磺酸乙酯或甲基磺酸丙酯。
16.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的时间为5-20 小时。
17.根据权利要求16所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的时间为8-12小时。
18.一种钾离子检测试剂,其特征在于,所述钾离子检测试剂包括如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的钾离子荧光探针。
19.一种钾离子检测试纸,其特征在于,所述钾离子检测试纸包含如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的钾离子荧光探针。
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