CN106909177A - High speed and precision axis system based on piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control spindle bearing system pretightning force and pretension displacement - Google Patents
High speed and precision axis system based on piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control spindle bearing system pretightning force and pretension displacement Download PDFInfo
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- CN106909177A CN106909177A CN201610976385.4A CN201610976385A CN106909177A CN 106909177 A CN106909177 A CN 106909177A CN 201610976385 A CN201610976385 A CN 201610976385A CN 106909177 A CN106909177 A CN 106909177A
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- main shaft
- bearing
- sleeve
- displacement
- pretightning force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D15/00—Control of mechanical force or stress; Control of mechanical pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2229/00—Setting preload
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/12—Force, load, stress, pressure
- F16C2240/14—Preload
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high speed and precision axis system based on piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control spindle bearing system pretightning force and pretension displacement, including main shaft housing, protheca cartridge module, rear enclosure cartridge module, piezoelectric actuating device assembly and main shaft, the protheca cartridge module is fixedly mounted in main shaft housing, the rear enclosure cartridge module is slidably mounted in main shaft housing by cage guide bearing along the axis of main shaft, main shaft is fixedly mounted in protheca cartridge module and rear enclosure cartridge module by coaxial bearing, in main shaft housing multiple piezoelectric actuating device assemblies for after sleeve apply axial load parallel with main shaft are evenly distributed in along main shaft.The present invention has the function of on-line monitoring and control spindle bearing system pretightning force and pretension displacement simultaneously.The present invention realizes positioning pretension and level pressure pretension both of which by pressing slidably after sleeve structure design in combination with motor-driven cylinder, force snesor and displacement transducer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force on-line monitoring and control field of high speed and precision, more particularly to one
Plant the high speed and precision main shaft system based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pretension displacement
System.
Background technology
Main shaft is the core functional components of lathe, and its performance directly influences the performance of complete machine tool.High speed and precision main shaft
The pretension of bearing is the main factor for influenceing main axis stiffness, precision and reliability.Change of the high-speed precision bearing to pretightning force
It is extremely sensitive.Therefore rotating speed during spindle processing according to main shaft, temperature rise, load and initially assemble etc. operating mode to main shaft-
The pretightning force of bearing arrangement and pretension displacement carry out on-line monitoring and control, so as to realize main shaft comprising low speed high rigidity and height
Dynamic, thermal characteristic in the fast whole range of speeds of low-temperature-rise is global and excellent.
Using positioning or the firmly beforehand meanses of level pressure, the number of pretightning force more than the preload Technique of traditional main shaft-bearing system
Value is mostly rule of thumb or experimental data determines that this constant pretightning force technology can only be applicable a certain operating mode of main shaft.For
This, domestic and international many scholars have carried out substantial amounts of research to the pretightning force controlling technology of main shaft bearing.At present, existing control dress
Put the closed-loop control of the closed-loop control or pretension displacement for being based only on pretightning force.Pretension displacement is based on from for aerodynamic point
Closed-loop control can more improve the processing characteristics of main shaft, but from for thermodynamics, the closed-loop control based on pretightning force is more
The high speed performance of main shaft can be played.Therefore, it is global and excellent in order to ensure the dynamic characteristic and thermal characteristic of high speed and precision main shaft, open
High speed and precision main shaft of the hair with the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of on-line monitoring and control and pretension displacement function seems particularly urgent
Cut.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be to provide it is a kind of based on piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control main shaft-
Bearing arrangement pretightning force and the high speed and precision axis system of pretension displacement, the high speed and precision axis system have on-line monitoring simultaneously
With the function of controlling main shaft-bearing system pretightning force and pretension displacement.
The present invention is adopted the technical scheme that to solve technical problem present in known technology：
It is a kind of smart based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and the high speed of pretension displacement
Close axis system, including main shaft housing, protheca cartridge module, rear enclosure cartridge module, piezoelectric actuating device assembly and main shaft,
The protheca cartridge module is fixedly mounted in main shaft housing, the rear enclosure cartridge module by cage guide bearing along
The axis of main shaft is slidably mounted in main shaft housing, and main shaft is fixedly mounted on protheca cartridge module and after sleeve by coaxial bearing
In component,
It is evenly distributed in along main shaft in main shaft housing multiple parallel with main shaft for applying axially load to after sleeve
The piezoelectric actuating device assembly of lotus, the piezoelectric actuating device assembly includes piezoelectric actuator, force snesor and pretightning force regulating bolt,
Wherein, piezoelectric actuator is slidably arranged in the unthreaded hole around main-shaft axis uniformly and parallel to main-shaft axis, piezoelectric actuator
Force snesor is fixed in one end relative with the ring flange of after sleeve, the other end of piezoelectric actuator be embedded in main shaft housing
Pretightning force regulating bolt is connected；
Its circumference is provided with cooling water channel on the outer tube wall of front sleeve and after sleeve；
Insertion is provided with temperature sensor in front sleeve and after sleeve, the operating temperature for detecting bearing；
The encoder for monitoring rotor speed is provided with main shaft housing；
After sleeve displacement transducer, the axial displacement for monitoring after sleeve are set in after sleeve.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the protheca cartridge module includes front sleeve, positioning end cap, drive end bearing bracket, and the front sleeve leads to
Cross bolt to be fixedly mounted in main shaft housing, the positioning end cap is bolted the inner for being fixed on front sleeve, it is described before
End cap is bolted the outer end for being fixed on front sleeve, for compressing bearing outer ring；Bearing I and bearing are provided with front sleeve
II to install main shaft, by the first locking nut by bearing I and the axial locking of bearing II on main shaft.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, front sleeve is embedded in and is provided with the temperature sensor of bearing I and the temperature sensor of bearing II,
The probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing I is located near bearing I, the operating temperature for detecting bearing I, the temperature of the bearing II
The probe of sensor is located near bearing II, the operating temperature for detecting bearing II.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, main shaft displacement transducer is additionally provided with main shaft housing, main shaft displacement transducer leads to
Cross support to be fixed on main shaft housing inwall, the cascaded surface of the alignment probe main shaft of main shaft displacement transducer, cross detection probe and arrive
The distance change of the cascaded surface of main shaft monitors the axial displacement of main shaft.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the rear enclosure cartridge module includes after sleeve, pretension end cap, rear end cap, the pretension end
Lid is bolted the inner for being fixed on after sleeve, and the rear end cap is bolted the outer end for being fixed on after sleeve, uses
In compression bearing outer ring；Bearing III and bearing IV are provided with after sleeve to install main shaft, by the second locking nut by bearing
III and the axial locking of bearing IV on main shaft.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, after sleeve is embedded in and is provided with the temperature sensor of bearing III and the TEMP of bearing IV
Device, the probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing III is located near bearing III, the operating temperature for detecting bearing III, the bearing
The probe of IV temperature sensor is located near bearing IV, the operating temperature for detecting bearing IV；The outer face of the after sleeve
It is flange plate structure, insertion is provided with after sleeve displacement transducer, after sleeve displacement sensing on the ring flange of after sleeve outer face
The probe of device runs through ring flange and faces the end face relative with ring flange of main shaft housing, by measuring probe and the end face
Distance change monitors the axial displacement of after sleeve.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, 6 are additionally provided with the ring flange of after sleeve outer face around uniform tight of main-shaft axis
Determine screw, through being arranged on the ring flange of after sleeve outer face, the top of holding screw is used to hold out against main shaft the holding screw
The end face relative with ring flange of housing.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, its circumference is provided with a circle groove, the pretightning force on the outer wall of main shaft housing
One end of regulating bolt is exposed in a groove, to adjust the screw-in amount of pretightning force regulating bolt.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the acquisition and control system includes controller, A/D converter, D/A conversions
Device, the force snesor, main shaft displacement transducer, after sleeve displacement transducer are connected to controller by A/D converter respectively,
Controller passes sequentially through D/A converter, voltage amplifier and connects each piezoelectric actuator.
The pretension shift value and force snesor that the present invention is measured by main shaft displacement transducer, after sleeve displacement transducer are surveyed
The pretension force value for obtaining, and three voltages of piezoelectric actuator, Neng Goushi are controlled according to the temperature rise of the rotating speed and bearing of main shaft respectively
The now monitoring of main shaft-bearing system pretightning force and pretension displacement and control, specific control method are as follows：
(positioned according to the optimal pretension displacement under the set rotating speed and temperature rise determined based on the speed of mainshaft and temperature rise first
Pretension) and pretightning force (i.e. level pressure pretension) database, respectively to carrying out optimal pretension displacement under main shaft low and high-speed working condition
Closed-loop control and the closed-loop control of optimum preload：Under speed operation (speed of mainshaft is less than 12000rpm), by main shaft position
The pretension displacement voltage signal that displacement sensor or after sleeve displacement transducer are measured is by A/D converter by the mould of pretension displacement
Intend voltage signal and be converted into the digital voltage signal of pretension displacement, and by digital voltage signal be input in controller and with setting
Target pretension shift value be compared that (value of main shaft displacement transducer is theoretically the half of after sleeve displacement transducer, institute
The pretension shift value to main shaft stated both can be the shift value that after sleeve displacement transducer is determined, and can also be that main shaft displacement is passed
The shift value that sensor is determined, is defined by user oneself, in the present embodiment, the shift value that after sleeve displacement transducer is determined is determined
Justice is the pretension displacement to main shaft), digital voltage signal is switched to simulation by the output voltage signal of controller by D/A converter
Voltage signal, each piezoelectric actuator is respectively outputted to by voltage amplifier, it is exported corresponding displacement respectively, so that real
The optimal pretension displacement closed-loop control under speed operation is showed；(speed of mainshaft is more than 12000rpm, is less than under high-speed working condition
24000rpm), the pretightning force voltage signal that can be measured by force snesor is by A/D converter by the analog voltage of pretightning force
Signal is converted into the digital voltage signal of pretightning force, by digital voltage signal be input in controller and with the target pretension of setting
Force value is compared, and digital voltage signal is switched to analog voltage signal by the output signal of controller by D/A converter, by electricity
Pressure amplifier is respectively outputted to each piezoelectric actuator, it is exported corresponding pretightning force respectively, it is achieved thereby that high speed work
The closed-loop control of the optimum preload under condition.
The method that the present invention sets the initial pretightning force of main shaft/initial pretension displacement is as follows：
Lead to coolant and oil-air lubrication after the completion of present invention assembling, maximum speed and cooling, lubricating condition according to main shaft
Set the initial pretightning force of rotor；Circulate three pretightning force regulating bolts of regulation, pretightning force regulation spiral shell successively by torque spanner
Bolt promotes piezoelectric actuator in unthreaded hole to the Slideslip of after sleeve one, the force snesor of piezoelectric actuator end is added to after sleeve
Axial pre tightening force is carried, after after sleeve stress, band dynamic bearing, locking nut load axial pre tightening force to main shaft to after sleeve successively, plus
By force sensor measuring to the axial pre tightening force size of main shaft during load, make the show value of three force snesors equal and
Show value sum is equal to the initial pretightning force of the main shaft of setting, and pretension displacement now is defined as null drift amount.
The present invention can realize the level pressure pretension mould under set pretightning force by after sleeve displacement transducer and holding screw
Formula switches to positioning pretension pattern：
Promote force snesor to apply target axial pre tightening force to main shaft first with piezoelectric actuator and (utilize three piezoelectric actuatings
Device promotes force snesor to apply desired pretightning force to main shaft simultaneously, makes the show value of three force snesors equal and show value
Sum is equal to the expectation pretension force value to main shaft of setting), then circulate six tightenings of regulation successively by torque spanner
The axial pre tightening force of piezoelectric actuator applying is unloaded in screw, successively circulation, the show value of three force snesors is gradually gone to zero, from
And main shaft-bearing system reaches axial dynamic balance state, it is possible to achieve the level pressure pretension pattern switching under set pretightning force is
Positioning pretension pattern.
Additionally, under a certain rotating speed, can change or adjust by changing the temperature and flow velocity of main shaft coolant
The pretightning force of bearing.
The advantages of the present invention are：
Height based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pretension displacement of the invention
Fast accurate main shaft system, while having the function of the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of on-line monitoring and control and pretension displacement.This hair
Bright use piezoelectric actuating device assembly as main shaft pretightning force loading device, with high rigidity, high position precision, respond it is fast excellent
Gesture.By pressing slidably after sleeve structure design, positioning is realized in combination with motor-driven cylinder, force snesor and displacement transducer
Pretension and level pressure pretension both of which；Realize the closed-loop control based on pretension displacement, the closed-loop control based on pretightning force simultaneously.
Additionally, under a certain rotating speed, can change or adjust the pre- of bearing by changing the temperature and flow velocity of main shaft coolant
Clamp force.The effective dynamic characteristic and thermal characteristic for ensureing high speed and precision main shaft is global and excellent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is three-dimensional normal axomometric drawing of the invention；
Fig. 2 is front view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is left view of the invention；
Fig. 4 is A-A sectional views of the invention；
Fig. 5 is acquisition and control system structural representation of the invention；
Fig. 6 is control method flow chart of the invention.
Label title in figure：1. regulating bolt, 2. pretension end cap, 3. piezoelectric actuator, 4. force snesor, 5. after sleeve,
5-1. ring flanges, 6. holding screw, 7. after sleeve displacement transducer, 8. rear end cap, 10. main shaft, 11. cage guide bearings, 12.
Bearing IV, 13. bearings III, 14. bearings II, 15. bearings I, 16. first locking nuts, 17. drive end bearing brackets, 18. front sleeves, 19. determine
Position end cap, 20 main shaft displacement transducers, 21. main shaft housings, 22. second locking nuts, 23. first cooling water channels, 24. second is cold
But water channel, 25. grooves.
Specific embodiment
For the content of the invention of the invention, feature and effect can be further appreciated that, following examples are hereby enumerated, and coordinate accompanying drawing
Describe in detail as follows：
Refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, one kind based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and
The high speed and precision axis system of pretension displacement, including main shaft housing 21, main shaft 10, protheca cartridge module, rear enclosure cartridge module, piezoelectricity are made
Dynamic device assembly and acquisition and control system；
The main shaft housing 21 is that, with the cylindrical structure with installation inner chamber, main shaft housing 21 is internally provided with for installing
The installation inner chamber of protheca cartridge module, rear enclosure cartridge module and main shaft；
The protheca cartridge module includes front sleeve 18, positioning end cap 19, drive end bearing bracket 17, and the front sleeve 18 is solid by bolt
In main shaft housing 21, the positioning end cap 19 is bolted the inner for being fixed on front sleeve, the drive end bearing bracket for Dingan County
17 are bolted the outer end for being fixed on front sleeve, for compressing bearing outer ring；Bearing I 15 and bearing are provided with front sleeve
II 14 to install main shaft 10, by the first locking nut 16 by bearing I and the axial locking of bearing II on main shaft 10；In front sleeve
Its circumference is provided with the first cooling water channel 23 on 18 outer tube wall；Front sleeve 4 is embedded in and is provided with the temperature sensor of bearing I
(not marked in figure) and the temperature sensor of bearing II (not marked in figure), the probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing I is located at bearing I
Near 15, the operating temperature for detecting bearing I, the probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing II is located near bearing II 14, is used
In the operating temperature of detection bearing II；Main shaft displacement transducer 20, main shaft displacement transducer are additionally provided with main shaft housing 21
20 are fixed on the inwall of main shaft housing 21 by support, the cascaded surface of the alignment probe main shaft of main shaft displacement transducer 20, are crossed and are examined
Probing head monitors the axial displacement of main shaft to the distance change of the cascaded surface of main shaft；
The rear enclosure cartridge module includes after sleeve 5, pretension end cap 2, rear end cap 8, and the pretension end cap 2 is bolted
The inner of after sleeve is fixed on, the rear end cap 8 is bolted the outer end for being fixed on after sleeve, for compressing outside bearing
Circle；The after sleeve 5 is slidably mounted in main shaft housing by cage guide bearing 11, so that rear enclosure cartridge module can be along master
The axis of axle 10 is slided；Bearing III 13 and bearing IV 12 are provided with to install main shaft 10 in after sleeve 5, by the second locking nut
22 by bearing III and the axial locking of bearing IV on main shaft；It is provided with along its circumference that to be provided with second cold on the outer tube wall of after sleeve
But water channel 24；After sleeve 5 is embedded in and is provided with the temperature sensor of bearing III (not marked in figure) and the temperature sensor of bearing IV (figure
In do not mark), the probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing III is located near bearing III 13, the work temperature for detecting bearing III
Degree, the probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing IV is located near bearing IV 12, the operating temperature for detecting bearing IV；After described
The outer face of sleeve is ring flange 5-1 structures, and insertion is provided with after sleeve displacement sensing on after sleeve outer face ring flange 5-1
Device 7, the probe of after sleeve displacement transducer 7 runs through ring flange 5-1 and faces the end face relative with ring flange of main shaft housing,
The axial displacement of after sleeve 5 is monitored by the distance change of measuring probe and the end face；In after sleeve outer face ring flange 5-1
On be additionally provided with 6 around the uniform holding screw 6 of main-shaft axis, the holding screw 6 is through being arranged on after sleeve outer face method
On blue disk 5-1, the top of holding screw 6 is used to hold out against the end face relative with ring flange of main shaft housing；
Three are provided with main shaft housing 2 at after sleeve around the axis of main shaft 10 uniformly and parallel to the light of main-shaft axis
Hole, for installing the piezoelectric actuating device assembly, the effect of the piezoelectric actuating device assembly is to promote after sleeve, is that after sleeve is applied
Plus axial load (carrying axial pre tightening force)；Piezoelectric actuating device assembly includes that piezoelectric actuator 3, force snesor 4 and pretightning force are adjusted
Section bolt 1, wherein, three piezoelectric actuators 3 are slidably arranged in three unthreaded holes respectively, the method with after sleeve of piezoelectric actuator
Force snesor 4, the other end of piezoelectric actuator 3 and the pretension being embedded in main shaft housing 21 are fixed in blue disk 5-1 relative one end
Power regulating bolt 1 is connected and (its circumference is provided with a circle groove 25 on the outer wall of main shaft housing 21, the pretightning force adjusts spiral shell
One end of bolt 1 is exposed in groove 25, to adjust the screw-in amount of pretightning force regulating bolt 1), adjust spiral shell by adjusting pretightning force
Bolt 1 promotes piezoelectric actuator 3 in unthreaded hole to the Slideslip of after sleeve 5 one, contacts the force snesor 4 of the end of piezoelectric actuator 3
The ring flange 5-1 of after sleeve, initial axial pre tightening force is loaded (because after sleeve 5 is slidably arranged in main shaft housing to after sleeve 5
On, so after the stress of after sleeve 5, band dynamic bearing III 13, bearing IV 12, the second locking nut 22 are axially pre- to main shaft loading successively
Clamp force), and axial pre tightening force is further loaded to main shaft by controlling the elongation of piezoelectric actuator 3, pass through in loading procedure
Force snesor 4 measures the axial pre tightening force size to main shaft；
The encoder (not marked in figure) for monitoring rotor speed is additionally provided with main shaft housing；
The acquisition and control system includes controller, A/D converter, D/A converter.Referring to accompanying drawing 5, the power
Sensor 4, main shaft displacement transducer 20, after sleeve displacement transducer 7 are connected to controller by A/D converter respectively, control
Device passes sequentially through D/A converter, voltage amplifier and connects each piezoelectric actuator 3.
The pretension shift value and power that the present invention is measured by main shaft displacement transducer 20, after sleeve displacement transducer 7 are sensed
The pretension force value that device is measured, and three voltages of piezoelectric actuator, energy are controlled according to the temperature rise of the rotating speed and bearing of main shaft respectively
The monitoring and control of main shaft-bearing system pretightning force and pretension displacement are enough realized, specific control method is as follows：
Referring to accompanying drawing 5, first according to the optimal pretension under the set rotating speed and temperature rise determined based on the speed of mainshaft and temperature rise
Displacement (positioning pretension) and pretightning force (i.e. level pressure pretension) database, it is optimal to being carried out under main shaft low and high-speed working condition respectively
The closed-loop control of pretension displacement and the closed-loop control of optimum preload：Under speed operation (speed of mainshaft is less than 12000rpm),
The pretension displacement voltage signal measured by main shaft displacement transducer 20 or after sleeve displacement transducer 7 is by A/D converter
The analog voltage signal of pretension displacement is converted into the digital voltage signal of pretension displacement, and digital voltage signal is input to control
It is compared that (value of main shaft displacement transducer 20 is theoretically after sleeve displacement in device processed and with the target pretension shift value of setting
The half of sensor 7, the described pretension shift value to main shaft both can be the shift value that after sleeve displacement transducer 7 is determined,
Can also be the shift value of the measure of main shaft displacement transducer 20, be defined by user oneself, in the present embodiment, by after sleeve displacement
The shift value that sensor 7 is determined is defined as the pretension displacement to main shaft), the output voltage signal of controller passes through D/A converter
Digital voltage signal is switched into analog voltage signal, each piezoelectric actuator is respectively outputted to by voltage amplifier, distinguish it
The corresponding displacement of output, it is achieved thereby that the optimal pretension displacement closed-loop control under speed operation；(main shaft turns under high-speed working condition
Speed is more than 12000rpm, less than 24000rpm), the pretightning force voltage signal that can be measured by force snesor is changed by A/D
The analog voltage signal of pretightning force is converted into device the digital voltage signal of pretightning force, and digital voltage signal is input into controller
In and be compared with the target pretension force value of setting, the output signal of controller is by D/A converter by digital voltage signal
Switch to analog voltage signal, each piezoelectric actuator is respectively outputted to by voltage amplifier, it is exported respectively corresponding pre-
Clamp force, it is achieved thereby that the closed-loop control of the optimum preload under high-speed working condition.
The method that the present invention sets the initial pretightning force of main shaft/initial pretension displacement is as follows：
Lead to coolant and oil-air lubrication after the completion of present invention assembling, maximum speed and cooling, lubricating condition according to main shaft
Set the initial pretightning force of rotor；Circulate three pretightning force regulating bolts of regulation, pretightning force regulation spiral shell successively by torque spanner
Bolt promotes piezoelectric actuator in unthreaded hole to the Slideslip of after sleeve one, the force snesor of piezoelectric actuator end is added to after sleeve
Axial pre tightening force is carried, after after sleeve stress, band dynamic bearing, locking nut load axial pre tightening force to main shaft to after sleeve successively, plus
By force sensor measuring to the axial pre tightening force size of main shaft during load, make the show value of three force snesors equal and
Show value sum is equal to the initial pretightning force of the main shaft of setting, and pretension displacement now is defined as null drift amount.
The present invention can realize the level pressure pretension under set pretightning force by after sleeve displacement transducer 7 and holding screw 6
Pattern switching is positioning pretension pattern：
Promote force snesor to apply target axial pre tightening force to main shaft first with piezoelectric actuator and (utilize three piezoelectric actuatings
Device promotes force snesor to apply desired pretightning force to main shaft simultaneously, makes the show value of three force snesors equal and show value
Sum is equal to the expectation pretension force value to main shaft of setting), then circulate six tightenings of regulation successively by torque spanner
The axial pre tightening force of piezoelectric actuator applying is unloaded in screw 6, successively circulation, the show value of three force snesors is gradually gone to zero,
So as to main shaft-bearing system reaches axial dynamic balance state, it is possible to achieve the level pressure pretension pattern switching under set pretightning force
It is positioning pretension pattern.
Additionally, under a certain rotating speed, can change or adjust by changing the temperature and flow velocity of main shaft coolant
The pretightning force of bearing.
More than it is shown and described, describes general principle of the invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention, one's own profession
The technical staff of industry it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the description in above-described embodiment and specification
Simply the inventive principle of this specification, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, of the invention also to have various change
And improvement, these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention, and the claimed scope of the invention is by appended
Claims and its equivalent thereof.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high speed and precision based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pretension displacement
Axis system, it is characterised in that：Including main shaft housing, protheca cartridge module, rear enclosure cartridge module, piezoelectric actuating device assembly and main shaft,
The protheca cartridge module is fixedly mounted in main shaft housing, and the rear enclosure cartridge module is by cage guide bearing along main shaft
Axis be slidably mounted in main shaft housing, main shaft is fixedly mounted on protheca cartridge module and rear enclosure cartridge module by coaxial bearing
It is interior,
It is evenly distributed in along main shaft in main shaft housing multiple parallel with main shaft for after sleeve applying axial load
Piezoelectric actuating device assembly, the piezoelectric actuating device assembly includes piezoelectric actuator, force snesor and pretightning force regulating bolt, its
In, piezoelectric actuator is slidably arranged in and unthreaded hole parallel to main-shaft axis uniform around main-shaft axis, piezoelectric actuator with
Force snesor is fixed in the relative one end of the ring flange of after sleeve, the other end of piezoelectric actuator be embedded it is pre- in main shaft housing
Clamp force regulating bolt is connected；
Its circumference is provided with cooling water channel on the outer tube wall of front sleeve and after sleeve；
Insertion is provided with temperature sensor in front sleeve and after sleeve, the operating temperature for detecting bearing；
The encoder for monitoring rotor speed is provided with main shaft housing；
After sleeve displacement transducer, the axial displacement for monitoring after sleeve are set in after sleeve.
2. according to claim 1 based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pre-
The high speed and precision axis system of tight displacement, it is characterised in that：The protheca cartridge module includes front sleeve, positioning end cap, drive end bearing bracket,
The front sleeve is mounted by means of bolts in main shaft housing, and the positioning end cap is bolted and is fixed on front sleeve
The inner, the drive end bearing bracket is bolted the outer end for being fixed on front sleeve, for compressing bearing outer ring；It is provided with front sleeve
Bearing I and bearing II to install main shaft, by the first locking nut by bearing I and the axial locking of bearing II on main shaft.
3. according to claim 2 based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pre-
The high speed and precision axis system of tight displacement, it is characterised in that：Front sleeve is embedded in and is provided with the temperature sensor of bearing I and bearing II
Temperature sensor, the probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing I is located near bearing I, the operating temperature for detecting bearing I, institute
The probe for stating the temperature sensor of bearing II is located near bearing II, the operating temperature for detecting bearing II.
4. according to claim 1 based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pre-
The high speed and precision axis system of tight displacement, it is characterised in that：Main shaft displacement transducer, main shaft position are additionally provided with main shaft housing
Displacement sensor is fixed on main shaft housing inwall by support, the cascaded surface of the alignment probe main shaft of main shaft displacement transducer, mistake
Detection probe monitors the axial displacement of main shaft to the distance change of the cascaded surface of main shaft.
5. according to claim 1 based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pre-
The high speed and precision axis system of tight displacement, it is characterised in that：The rear enclosure cartridge module includes after sleeve, pretension end cap, rear end cap,
The pretension end cap is bolted the inner for being fixed on after sleeve, and the rear end cap is bolted and is fixed on after sleeve
Outer end, for compressing bearing outer ring；Bearing III and bearing IV are provided with after sleeve to install main shaft, by the second locking screw
Mother is by bearing III and the axial locking of bearing IV on main shaft.
6. according to claim 5 based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pre-
The high speed and precision axis system of tight displacement, it is characterised in that：After sleeve is embedded in and is provided with the temperature sensor of bearing III and bearing
IV temperature sensor, the probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing III is located near bearing III, the work temperature for detecting bearing III
Degree, the probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing IV is located near bearing IV, the operating temperature for detecting bearing IV；The rear enclosure
The outer face of cylinder is flange plate structure, and insertion is provided with after sleeve displacement transducer, rear enclosure on the ring flange of after sleeve outer face
The probe of cylinder displacement transducer runs through ring flange and faces the end face relative with ring flange of main shaft housing, by measuring probe
The axial displacement of after sleeve is monitored with the distance change of the end face.
7. according to claim 1 based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pre-
The high speed and precision axis system of tight displacement, it is characterised in that：6 are additionally provided with the ring flange of after sleeve outer face around spindle shaft
The uniform holding screw of line, the holding screw through being arranged on the ring flange of after sleeve outer face, use by the top of holding screw
In the end face relative with ring flange for holding out against main shaft housing.
8. according to claim 1 based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control and pre-
The high speed and precision axis system of tight displacement, it is characterised in that：Its circumference is provided with a circle groove on the outer wall of main shaft housing,
One end of the pretightning force regulating bolt is exposed in a groove, to adjust the screw-in amount of pretightning force regulating bolt.
9. as described in one of claim 1-8 based on the main shaft-bearing system pretightning force of piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control
It is as follows with the method that the high speed and precision axis system of pretension displacement sets the initial pretightning force of main shaft/initial pretension displacement：
Maximum speed and cooling according to main shaft, lubricating condition set the initial pretightning force of rotor；Followed successively by torque spanner
Ring adjusts three pretightning force regulating bolts, and pretightning force regulating bolt promotes piezoelectric actuator to be breakked away to after sleeve one in unthreaded hole
It is dynamic, make the force snesor of piezoelectric actuator end to after sleeve loading axis to pretightning force, after after sleeve stress, after sleeve band successively
Dynamic bearing, locking nut load axial pre tightening force to main shaft, by force sensor measuring to the axially pre- of main shaft in loading procedure
Clamp force size, make the show value of three force snesors equal and show value sum be equal to setting main shaft initial pretightning force,
Pretension displacement now is defined as null drift amount.
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| CN201610976385.4A CN106909177B (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | High-speed precise spindle system based on piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control of spindle-bearing system pretightening force and pretightening displacement |
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| CN201610976385.4A CN106909177B (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | High-speed precise spindle system based on piezoelectric actuator on-line monitoring and control of spindle-bearing system pretightening force and pretightening displacement |
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| CN106909177B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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