CN106908414B - Urine specific gravity measuring system and method based on optical fiber sensor - Google Patents
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
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- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
- G01N2021/458—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods using interferential sensor, e.g. sensor fibre, possibly on optical waveguide
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Abstract
The invention discloses a urine specific gravity measuring system based on an optical fiber sensor, relates to the field of urine monitoring, and is used for solving the problem that the prior art focuses on single measurement of urine specific gravity. It includes acquisition unit, signal processing unit, main control computer, urine passageway, urine stand pipe, be used for controlling the ureter control valve of urine stand pipe break-make, washs the passageway, is used for controlling the washing control valve who washs the passageway break-make, the urine passageway includes first urine passageway, second urine passageway and third urine passageway, first urine passageway and third urine passageway pass through second urine passageway intercommunication, form the leakage fluid chamber, second urine passageway is higher than first urine passageway. Based on non-contact measurement, the fault detection rate is improved. Continuous dynamic monitoring of urine specific gravity is achieved. The invention also discloses a urine specific gravity measuring method based on the optical fiber sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urine monitoring, in particular to a urine specific gravity measuring system and a measuring method based on an optical fiber sensor for continuously monitoring the change of the urine specific gravity.
Background
The urine specific gravity (also called urine specific density) is reflected by the content of solutes in a unit volume of urine, and the higher the content of these substances, the higher the urine specific gravity, the lower the content, and the lower the specific gravity, depending on the concentration of metabolites and other components in the urine. The urine specific gravity of normal adults is usually 1.015 to 1.025 (analysis of problems and problems in the nephrology).
Urine specific gravity is used to estimate the concentration function of the kidney. Concentrated urine is one of the most important functions of the kidney. High specific gravity urine with urine specific gravity greater than 1.020 suggests that the kidney is not perfused sufficiently, but the kidney is still good, which is pre-renal failure; in contrast, low specific gravity urine with a urine specific gravity of less than 1.010 is renal failure. (analysis of problems in ICU, third section, urinary monitoring). According to the national clinical examination operating rules (4 th edition) and P160-169, urine volume is small and specific gravity is high, which is seen in acute nephritis, hyperpyrexia, cardiac insufficiency, dehydration and the like; large urine volume and increased specific gravity, as seen in diabetes; the specific gravity of urine is low, and the urine is seen in chronic glomerulonephritis, renal insufficiency, diabetes insipidus and the like.
The clinical measurement methods of urine specific gravity include a test strip method, a refractometer method, and a bimeter method (national clinical laboratory practice (4 th edition), P168). The test strip method is simple and convenient to operate but low in precision (+/-0.005 to +/-0.001), is one of the commonly used methods at present, can be used for measuring the specific gravity of urine by a urine dry chemical method analyzer, belongs to the test strip method, and is an automatic or semi-automatic urine specific gravity measuring method; the refraction metering method belongs to an optical method, is relatively troublesome to operate and is mainly used in district hospitals and counties and the like; the hydrometer method is a method with high precision (the precision can reach +/-0.001 to +/-0.0001) at present, but the method is troublesome to operate and is mainly used for scientific research, experiments and the like.
Patent document 201510616694.6 discloses a method for detecting urine based on terahertz spectroscopy. The invention provides a terahertz spectrum measurement technology, which is used for distinguishing the relative content of protein in urine of different nephropathy patients by using dispersion change of body fluid under the induction of terahertz radiation, and solves the problem of measuring physical parameters of urine conditions; the method does not depend on the assistance of chemical reagents, reduces the external chemical pollution, and is a pure physical detection method; the method is simple to operate, the data processing is rapid, and the result is accurate.
The prior art focuses on single measurement of urine specific gravity, and for example, a portable urine specific gravity measuring instrument using an optical CCD camera, a large-scale full-automatic urine biochemical analyzer and the like can provide accurate equal urine specific gravity information and meet the requirement of routine examination. In clinical medicine, particularly in ICU medicine, renal function of a patient may become abnormal at any time and may be manifested as an abnormality in specific gravity of urine. It is well established in the professional or primary care of the ICU that the specific gravity of the patient is measured at least every one hour.
Based on the above reasons, the present invention needs to develop a method for continuously monitoring the urine specific gravity and dynamically monitoring whether the renal function is abnormal in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a urine specific gravity measuring system based on an optical fiber sensor for continuously and dynamically monitoring urine specific gravity based on the reasons.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the urine specific gravity measuring system based on the optical fiber sensor comprises an acquisition unit, a signal processing unit, a main control computer, a urine channel, a urine guide pipe, a urine pipe control valve for controlling the on-off of the urine guide pipe, a cleaning channel and a cleaning control valve for controlling the on-off of the cleaning channel, wherein the acquisition unit is arranged on the inner wall of the front section of the urine channel and is communicated with the signal processing unit through a wire; the main control computer is respectively communicated with the ureter control valve and the cleaning control valve, the rear section of the urine channel is communicated with the cleaning channel through the cleaning control valve, and the top of the urine channel is communicated with the urine guide pipe through the ureter control valve; the urine channel comprises a first urine channel, a second urine channel and a third urine channel, the first urine channel and the third urine channel are communicated through the second urine channel to form a liquid discharge cavity, and the second urine channel is higher than the first urine channel;
the collection unit adopts an optical fiber sensor, is installed in the first urine channel and is used for collecting the reflection spectrum.
Further, the signal processing unit periodically acquires the reflection spectrum image under the control of the main control computer, obtains the refractive index through calculation, and transmits the refractive index data to the main control computer through a wire.
By adopting the technical scheme, the first purpose of the scheme is realized, a Fabry-Perot (F-P) optical fiber sensor is utilized to continuously collect urine reflection spectrum, and a CCD camera is controlled to periodically shoot reflection spectrum images; a signal processing step: calculating the refractive index of the urine by using the functional relation between the contrast ratio of the reflection spectrum stripes and the refractive index; urine specific gravity conversion step: the urine specific gravity is calculated by using the function relation of the urine refractive index and the urine specific gravity.
Further limiting, the main control computer has a mode for selecting a gravity measurement mode and a flushing mode;
when a specific gravity measurement mode is selected, the main control computer closes the cleaning control valve, opens the urinary catheter control valve, and urine enters the first urine channel from the urine guide tube; the main control computer converts the refractive index into specific gravity; the urine finally enters a urine box or other urine collecting devices through a third urine passage;
when the flushing mode is selected, the main control computer closes the urinary catheter control valve, and urine cannot enter the first urine passage from the urine guide tube; at the moment, the main control computer opens the cleaning control valve, and the cleaning liquid sequentially passes through the cleaning control valve, the acquisition unit, the first urine passage, the second urine passage and the third urine passage from the cleaning channel and finally enters the wastewater box; because the ureter control valve is in the closed state, the cleaning fluid can not enter the urine guide tube.
The collection procedure is performed periodically and the patient's urine specific gravity is monitored continuously for 24 hours. In order to achieve another purpose of the scheme, the invention provides a set of flushing system, after one monitoring period is finished, the sensor is flushed and cleaned, and the cleaning standard of the sensor is that the measurement of the next monitoring period is not influenced. In an acquisition cycle, the sensor does not need to be cleaned, and the real-time performance and the accuracy of the urine specific gravity measurement of the same patient are guaranteed by utilizing the mobility of urine.
The invention also provides a urine specific gravity measuring method based on the optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps,
s1, collecting, namely periodically collecting the reflection spectrum by using the optical fiber sensor, wherein the collection period is set to be 1 Hz;
s2, processing signals, controlling the light source and the CCD camera to work by using the signal processing unit, analyzing the spectral image when the CCD camera obtains a reflective spectral image, comparing the spectral image with a standard spectrum to obtain the refractive index of urine at the current moment, and capturing the reflective spectrum by the acquisition step in time when the refractive index of the urine changes;
s3, converting the urine specific gravity, and calculating the refractive index of the urine by using the functional relation between the contrast ratio of the reflection spectrum stripe and the refractive index;
s4, switching a washing mode, firstly washing for 30 seconds, then collecting the current reflection spectrum by using the optical fiber sensor, and calculating the current refractive index; if the error between the current refractive index and the refractive index of the cleaning liquid is within the control range, the cleaning is finished; otherwise, the next 30 seconds of flushing is carried out until the cleaning reaches the standard.
Preferably, S1, in the collection, the design of the urine passage must ensure that the optical fiber sensor is immersed in urine and the urine flows only from the first urine passage to the third urine passage.
Preferably, in the S4, in the switching flushing mode, when the optical fiber sensor is cleaned, the urinary catheter control valve needs to be closed to ensure that the cleaning solution cannot flow reversely in the urine channel; the cleaning judgment standard is that the current refractive index is compared with the refractive index of the cleaning liquid, and when the error between the current refractive index and the refractive index of the cleaning liquid is less than 0.0001, the cleaning is considered to reach the standard.
Preferably, the installation position of the optical fiber sensor is in the range of 30-50 mm behind the cleaning control valve and the ureter control valve, and the gap between the measuring end of the optical fiber sensor and the inner wall of the urine channel is in the range of 1-2 mm.
Preferably, the urine channel of the part of the installation position of the optical fiber sensor needs to be lower than the urine channel of other parts by 10-30 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the optical fiber sensor to continuously measure the urine refractive index in real time, converts the refractive index into specific gravity by using the built-in software of the main control computer, and has the characteristics of simple structure, lower cost, reliable measurement result and the like.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings;
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system for measuring specific gravity of urine based on an optical fiber sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method for measuring the specific gravity of urine based on an optical fiber sensor (specific gravity measurement mode) according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the method for measuring specific gravity of urine (flushing mode) based on the optical fiber sensor.
The urine collection device comprises a cleaning channel 1, a cleaning control valve 2, a urine guide pipe 3, a third lead 4, a urinary pipe control valve 5, a fourth lead 6, a main control computer 7, a signal processing unit 9, a second urine channel 10, a third urine channel 11, a first urine channel 12, a first lead 13 and a collection unit 14.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, the following technical solutions are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for measuring the specific gravity of urine based on the optical fiber sensor comprises an acquisition unit 14, a signal processing unit 9, a main control computer 7, a urine channel, a urine guide tube 3, a urine tube control valve 5 for controlling the on-off of the urine guide tube 3, a cleaning channel 1 and a cleaning control valve 2 for controlling the on-off of the cleaning channel 1, wherein the acquisition unit 14 is installed on the inner wall of the front section of the urine channel, the acquisition unit 14 is communicated with the signal processing unit 9 through a first lead 13, and the signal processing unit 9 is communicated with the main control computer 7 through a second lead 8; the main control computer 7 is respectively communicated with the urinary catheter control valve 5 through a third lead 4 and the cleaning control valve 2 through a fourth lead 6, the rear section of the urine channel is communicated with the cleaning channel 1 through the cleaning control valve 2, and the top of the urine channel is communicated with the urine guide pipe 3 through the urinary catheter control valve 5; the urine passageway includes first urine passageway 12, second urine passageway 10 and third urine passageway 11, and first urine passageway 12 and third urine passageway 11 pass through second urine passageway 10 intercommunication, form the flowing back chamber, and second urine passageway 10 is higher than first urine passageway 12.
The collection unit 14 employs a fiber optic sensor, and the collection unit 14 is installed in the first urine passage 12 for collecting a reflectance spectrum.
The signal processing unit 9 periodically obtains the reflection spectrum image under the control of the main control computer 7, obtains the refractive index through calculation, and transmits the refractive index data to the main control computer 7 through the second wire 8.
It is noted that the master control computer 7 is responsible for calculating the urine specific gravity, controlling the specific gravity measurement and controlling the flushing.
The main control computer 7 has a proportion measurement mode and a flushing mode;
as shown in fig. 2, when the specific gravity measurement mode is selected, the main control computer 7 closes the cleaning control valve 2, opens the ureter control valve 5, and the urine enters the first urine channel 12 from the urine guide tube 3, because the first urine channel 12 is lower than the ureter control valve 5 and the second urine channel 10, when the cleaning control valve 2 is closed, the urine can be retained in the first urine channel 12 for a certain time and forms a certain liquid level, when the liquid level is higher than the measurement end of the acquisition unit 14, the reflection spectrum is transmitted back to the signal processing unit 9 for data processing to obtain the refractive index of the urine, and finally the refractive index is transmitted to the main control computer 7; the main control computer 7 converts the refractive index into specific gravity; the urine finally enters a urine box or other urine collecting device through the third urine passage 11;
when the flush mode is selected, the main control computer 7 closes the urinary catheter control valve 5, as shown in fig. 3, and urine cannot enter the first urine passageway 12 from the urine guide tube 3; at this time, the main control computer 7 opens the cleaning control valve 2, the cleaning liquid passes through the cleaning control valve 2, the acquisition unit 14, the first urine passage 12, the second urine passage 10 and the third urine passage 11 from the cleaning channel 1 in sequence, and finally enters the wastewater box; since the ureter control valve 5 is in the closed state, the cleaning liquid does not enter the urine guide tube 3.
The urine specific gravity measuring method based on the optical fiber sensor comprises the following steps,
s1, collecting, namely periodically collecting the reflection spectrum by using the optical fiber sensor, wherein the collection period is set to be 1 Hz;
s2, processing signals, controlling the light source and the CCD camera to work by using the signal processing unit, analyzing the spectral image when the CCD camera obtains a reflective spectral image, comparing the spectral image with a standard spectrum to obtain the refractive index of urine at the current moment, and capturing the reflective spectrum by the acquisition step in time when the refractive index of the urine changes;
it should be noted that after the CCD camera acquires a reflection spectrum image. Firstly, judging whether the spectral image is effective, if the spectral image has obvious unidentifiable shading, blurring and the like, entering the next step, and regarding the spectral image as invalid.
S3, converting the urine specific gravity, and calculating the refractive index of the urine by using the functional relation between the contrast ratio of the reflection spectrum stripe and the refractive index;
s4, switching a washing mode, firstly washing for 30 seconds, then collecting the current reflection spectrum by using the optical fiber sensor, and calculating the current refractive index; if the error between the current refractive index and the refractive index of the cleaning liquid is within the control range, the cleaning is finished; otherwise, the next 30 seconds of flushing is carried out until the cleaning reaches the standard.
The advantage of using the pure water as the washing liquid is that it can be fine washes pipeline and sensor, utilizes the relative fixed (reflectance spectrum) refracting index of pure water as the judgement standard whether to reach the requirement of washing simultaneously.
It should be noted that the cleaning liquid is not limited to pure water, but can be chemical liquid which can well remove urine and urine scale, or can be a cleaning liquid with a special component and pure water.
There may be some situations where the cleaning is not up to standard, and when the cleaning is not up to standard after more than 3 times of repeated washing, the system should give a warning and change to manual treatment.
S1, in the collection, the design of the urine channel must ensure that the optical fiber sensor can be immersed in urine, which flows only from the first urine channel to the third urine channel.
S4, in the switching flushing mode, when the optical fiber sensor is cleaned, the urinary catheter control valve needs to be closed, and it is ensured that the cleaning liquid cannot reversely flow in the urine channel; the cleaning judgment standard is that the current refractive index is compared with the refractive index of the cleaning liquid, and when the error between the current refractive index and the refractive index of the cleaning liquid is less than 0.0001, the cleaning is considered to reach the standard.
The installation position of the optical fiber sensor is in the range of 30mm behind the cleaning control valve and the ureter control valve, and the gap between the measuring end of the optical fiber sensor and the inner wall of the urine channel is in the range of 1 mm.
The installation position of the optical fiber sensor requires a range of 10mm lower for a part of the urine passage than for the other part.
The urine specific gravity measuring system and the urine specific gravity measuring method based on the optical fiber sensor provided by the invention are described in detail above.
Claims (3)
1. The urine specific gravity measuring method based on the optical fiber sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, collecting, wherein a urine specific gravity measuring system based on an optical fiber sensor is used for collecting, the urine specific gravity measuring system based on the optical fiber sensor comprises a collecting unit, a signal processing unit, a main control computer, a urine channel, a urine guide pipe, a urine pipe control valve for controlling the on-off of the urine guide pipe, a cleaning channel and a cleaning control valve for controlling the on-off of the cleaning channel, the urine channel comprises a first urine channel, a second urine channel and a third urine channel, the first urine channel and the third urine channel are communicated through a second urine channel to form a liquid discharge cavity, the second urine channel is higher than the first urine channel, the collecting unit is installed in the first urine channel of the urine channel, the collecting unit is communicated with the signal processing unit through a lead, and the signal processing unit is communicated with the main control computer through a lead; the main control computer is respectively communicated with the ureter control valve and the cleaning control valve, a first urine channel of the urine channel is communicated with the cleaning channel through the cleaning control valve, the top of the first urine channel of the urine channel is communicated with the urine guide pipe through the ureter control valve,
periodically collecting the reflection spectrum by using an optical fiber sensor, wherein the collection period is set to be 1 Hz;
s2, processing signals, controlling the light source and the CCD camera to work by using the signal processing unit, analyzing the spectral image when the CCD camera obtains a reflective spectral image, comparing the spectral image with a standard spectrum to obtain the refractive index of urine at the current moment, and capturing the reflective spectrum by the acquisition step in time when the refractive index of the urine changes;
s3, converting the urine specific gravity, and calculating the refractive index of the urine by using the functional relation between the contrast ratio of the reflection spectrum stripe and the refractive index;
s4, switching a washing mode, firstly washing for 30 seconds, then collecting the current reflection spectrum by using the optical fiber sensor, and calculating the current refractive index; if the error between the current refractive index and the refractive index of the cleaning liquid is within the control range, the cleaning is finished; otherwise, carrying out the next 30-second flushing until the cleaning reaches the standard;
the main control computer has a proportion measurement mode and a flushing mode;
when a specific gravity measurement mode is selected, the main control computer closes the cleaning control valve and opens the urinary catheter control valve, urine enters the first urine channel from the urine guide tube, the first urine channel is lower than the urinary catheter control valve 5 and the second urine channel, when the cleaning control valve is closed, the urine can be retained in the first urine channel for a certain time and forms a certain liquid level, when the liquid level is higher than the measurement end of the acquisition unit, the reflection spectrum is transmitted back to the signal processing unit for data processing to obtain the refractive index of the urine, and finally the refractive index is transmitted to the main control computer; the main control computer converts the refractive index into specific gravity; the urine finally enters a urine box or other urine collecting devices through a third urine passage;
when the flushing mode is selected, the main control computer closes the urinary catheter control valve, and urine cannot enter the first urine passage from the urine guide tube; at the moment, the main control computer opens the cleaning control valve, and the cleaning liquid sequentially passes through the cleaning control valve, the acquisition unit, the first urine passage, the second urine passage and the third urine passage from the cleaning channel and finally enters the wastewater box; because the ureter control valve 5 is in a closed state, the cleaning liquid can not enter the urine guide pipe;
s1, in the collection, the design of the urine channel must ensure that the optical fiber sensor can be immersed in urine, which flows only from the first urine channel to the third urine channel.
2. The method for measuring the specific gravity of urine based on the optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: s4, in the switching flushing mode, when the optical fiber sensor is cleaned, the urinary catheter control valve needs to be closed, and it is ensured that the cleaning liquid cannot reversely flow in the urine channel; the cleaning judgment standard is that the current refractive index is compared with the refractive index of the cleaning liquid, and when the error between the current refractive index and the refractive index of the cleaning liquid is less than 0.0001, the cleaning is considered to reach the standard.
3. The method for measuring the specific gravity of urine based on the optical fiber sensor according to claim 2, wherein: the urine channel of the part of the installation position of the optical fiber sensor needs to be 10-30 mm lower than that of other parts.
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| CN201710112140.1A CN106908414B (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2017-02-28 | Urine specific gravity measuring system and method based on optical fiber sensor |
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| CN113188947B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-11 | 长春迈克赛德医疗科技有限公司 | Urine detection device |
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| JP2011169709A (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-09-01 | Toto Ltd | Urination data measuring instrument |
| CN102865912A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2013-01-09 | 珠海沃姆电子有限公司 | Dynamic urine monitor and dynamic urine monitoring instrument |
| CN103054589A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-04-24 | 科迈（常州）电子有限公司 | Urine volume dynamic monitoring system and method |
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| CN102500146B (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2014-05-07 | 陈台智 | Filtering layer back washing method for percolating water abstraction and control system |
| CN105148382A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 成都漫程科技有限公司 | Intelligentized monitoring and urine-controlling device and system having function of lower urinary tract urodynamics monitoring |
| CN205131718U (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-04-06 | 广州极飞电子科技有限公司 | Liquid filling device |
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| JP2011169709A (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-09-01 | Toto Ltd | Urination data measuring instrument |
| CN102865912A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2013-01-09 | 珠海沃姆电子有限公司 | Dynamic urine monitor and dynamic urine monitoring instrument |
| CN103054589A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-04-24 | 科迈（常州）电子有限公司 | Urine volume dynamic monitoring system and method |
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