CN106906369B - A kind of technique recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology - Google Patents

A kind of technique recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106906369B
CN106906369B CN201510971688.2A CN201510971688A CN106906369B CN 106906369 B CN106906369 B CN 106906369B CN 201510971688 A CN201510971688 A CN 201510971688A CN 106906369 B CN106906369 B CN 106906369B
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extraction
zinc
cadmium
nickel
copper
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CN106906369A (en
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杨丽梅
孙启
黄松涛
徐政
李岩
纪仲光
王巍
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GRINM Resources and Environment Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing General Research Institute for Non Ferrous Metals
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0063Hydrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0084Treating solutions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B17/00Obtaining cadmium
    • C22B17/04Obtaining cadmium by wet processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/30Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0453Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of techniques recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology.The technique includes the following steps:(1) multitple extraction is carried out to heavy metal wastewater thereby using 272 synergistic systems of Mextral 84H/Cyanex, copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium is made to enter organic phase, and calcium, magnesium stay in raffinate;(2) multistage washing is carried out to load organic phases with dilute sulfuric acid, removes impurity calcium, magnesium in load organic phases;(3) the sulfuric acid back washing agent for utilizing various concentration carries out selective multi level back extraction according to the sequence of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper, respectively obtains the strip liquor rich in cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper.The present invention can be achieved with the separation and recycling of numerous heavy metal ion merely with a kind of binary synergistic system by multitple extraction, washing, back extraction, not only solve the problem that heavy metal ion is detached with calcium, magnesium, also copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium separation and recovery in terms of achieve breakthrough, finally realize the separation and recovery of heavy metal ions in wastewater.

Description

It is a kind of to recycle from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium Technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of techniques recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology, belong to In secondary resource Comprehensive Recovery Technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, with industrial extensive development, heavy metal resources demand increasingly increases, total resources but day Benefit is reduced, and grade is high, easily exploitation, the ore easily leached has faced exhaustion.The reduction of high-quality resource necessarily leads to smelting cost Increase, finding the heavy metal resources of other forms is particularly important.Meanwhile industrial fast development is along with an a large amount of huge sum of moneys Belong to the generation of waste water, and contain a large amount of valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby, can be used as valuable secondary resource;On the other hand, Heavy metal wastewater thereby is one of the major pollutants in water environment, and the especially heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium micro-concentrations can produce Toxigenicity, environmental pollution can be alleviated by recycling the heavy metal in waste water, reduce harm of the heavy metal to environment.Therefore, height is sought The processing method of effect effectively recycles heavy metal in waste water, realizes that secondary resource comprehensive utilization has great importance.
The processing method of heavy metal wastewater thereby mainly has:Chemical precipitation method, biological treatment, absorption, UF membrane, ion exchange With solvent extraction etc..Currently, industrial generally use chemical precipitation method handles heavy metal wastewater thereby, although the operation letter of this method Just, of low cost, but the huge waste of heavy metal resources is caused, while a large amount of precipitation slag is generated, once it deals with improperly, It will result in secondary pollution.
Compared to other methods, solvent extraction technology has many merits, such as instrument and equipment is simple, operation is simple fast Speed, the rate of recovery are high, purity is good, selectivity is good, has wide range of applications.In addition to for detaching, moreover it is possible to which, as concentration means, it is As the main method of separation and Extraction metallic element in domestic and international metallurgical industry.However, the current domestic extraction system group used At relatively easy, generally containing only a kind of extractant and micro modifying agent, the metal ion solution of processing is also relatively single, for The separation difficult to realize of the more similar metal ion of chemical property.
A research direction of the synergic solvent extraction as solvent extraction technology, is rapidly progressed with its unique advantage, As the main flow direction of solvent extraction development.Synergistic system can increase the distribution ratio of metal ion, improve metal ion Between separation, especially in the rare earth metal of multi-metal system and non-ferrous metal separation field, separating effect is notable, can be real Now more separation of metal ions, significantly improve separative efficiency;In addition, for the similar metal ion of chemical property, single extraction System cannot achieve separation, and synergistic effect or anti-collaboration effect can be generated during synergistic system extracting metals ion It answers, increases the distribution coefficient between metal ion, to realize the separation of similar metals ion.Therefore, in heavy metal wastewater thereby In terms of valuable metal recovery, synergic solvent extraction technology has potential application.
Invention content
Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of using synergic solvent extraction technology recycled from heavy metal wastewater thereby copper, The technique of zinc, nickel, cadmium, realizes the recycling of the valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby, while reducing environmental pollution.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
A kind of technique being recycled copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology, is included the following steps:
(1) primary multistage extraction is carried out to heavy metal wastewater thereby using 272 synergistic systems of Mextral 84H/Cyanex It takes, copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium is made to enter organic phase, and calcium, magnesium stay in raffinate;
(2) multistage washing is carried out to load organic phases with dilute sulfuric acid, removes impurity calcium, magnesium in load organic phases;
(3) the sulfuric acid back washing agent for utilizing various concentration carries out selective multi level back extraction according to the sequence of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper, Respectively obtain the strip liquor rich in cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper.
The present invention cardinal principle be:
Metal extraction process:Wherein A represent Mextral 84H and Cyanex 272, the process are hydrogen ion displacement reactions, which is influenced , &#91 by system pH;H+]Concentration is bigger, more unfavorable In the progress of extraction.
The Equilibrium constants of the extracting reactions of metal ion:
The distribution ratio of metal ion:
Due to the difference of the chemical property between metal ion, 272 synergistic systems of Mextral 84H/Cyanex extraction The capacity of water of metal ion is taken to be followed successively by:Cu (II) > Zn (II) > Ni (II) > Cd (II) > Mg (II) > Ca (II).
Using synergic reagent to the selective difference of different metal ions, by the extraction equilibrium for adjusting reaction system PH, it can be achieved that copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium and calcium, magnesium separation;By adjust reaction system stripping equilibria pH, it can be achieved that cadmium, nickel, The separation one by one of zinc, copper.
In the present invention, the operation temperature of the extraction, washing and back extraction is 20 DEG C -45 DEG C.
In the present invention, the main component of Mextral 84H extractants is 1- (2- hydroxyl -5- nonyl phenyls) acetophenone oxime, The main component of 272 extractants of Cyanex is bis- (2,4,4- tri-methyl-amyl) phosphonic acids.Preferably, the synergistic system The molar ratio of middle Mextral 84H and Cyanex 272 is 1: 0.5-5: 1, and the volume fraction of total extractant is 5%-30%, dilute It is sulfonated kerosene to release agent.
In the present invention, metal ion is in the heavy metal wastewater thereby:Cu(II),Ni(II),Zn(II),Cd(II),Mg (II), the concentration of Ca (II), each metal ion are 0.5-15.0g/L.
Preferably, in the step (1), the balance pH of extraction is 5.70-6.20, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-1: 3, It is 2-10 grades to extract series.
Preferably, in the step (2), washing process balances pH controls in 5.30-5.70, and washing is controlled compared to O/A 1: 1-5: 1, washing series is 2-10 grades.
Preferably, in the step (3), the stripping equilibria pH of cadmium is 3.60-4.20, a concentration of 1- of sulfuric acid back washing agent 3g/L, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 4-10 grades for back extraction;The stripping equilibria pH of nickel is 2.80-3.20, sulfuric acid A concentration of 4-8g/L of back washing agent, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 2-10 grades for back extraction;The stripping equilibria pH of zinc For 1.30-1.60, a concentration of 10-15g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 4- for back extraction 10 grades;A concentration of 80-160g/L of the sulfuric acid back washing agent of copper, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-15: 1, back extraction series is 2-10 for back extraction Grade.
The advantage of the invention is that:
The present invention proposes a kind of extraction efficiently recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology A kind of taking technique, novel synergistic system being made of ketoxime and phosphonic acids of the technology utilization, will be weighed by single extraction first Copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium in metallic wastewater are detached with calcium, magnesium, and the separation for realizing copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium is stripped secondly by selectivity, real The recycling of valuable metal in existing heavy metal wastewater thereby.
The present invention can be achieved with merely with a kind of binary synergistic system by multitple extraction, washing, back extraction numerous heavy The separation and recycling of metal ion, not only solve the problem that heavy metal ion is detached with calcium, magnesium, also in copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium Breakthrough is achieved in terms of separation and recovery, finally realizes the separation and recovery of heavy metal ions in wastewater.
Flow of the present invention is simple, of low cost, and organic efficiency is high.Compared to chemical precipitation method, which not only alleviates Valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby has also been recycled in heavy metal wastewater thereby pollution problem, realizes the comprehensive utilization of secondary resource.
The present invention is suitble to handle the waste water that zinc abstraction and electroplating industry generate, heavy metal from overall recovery 98.0% with On.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
It is as shown in Figure 1 the process flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
By taking the large-scale zinc abstraction factory heavy metal wastewater thereby in China as an example, technique using the present invention recycle copper therein, zinc, Nickel, cadmium.The content of metal ion is as shown in table 1 after the waste water membrane distillation.
Heavy metal type and content in 1 membrane distillation heavy metal wastewater thereby of table
Metal ion Cu Ni Zn Cd Mg Ca
Concentration (gL-1) 2.0 0.5 5.0 0.7 10.0 0.3
Concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) reagent prepares
Mextral 84H and Cyanex 272 is mixed, sulfonated kerosene is used in combination to dilute, is fully stirred under 40 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control 3h is mixed, extraction system is made to be uniformly mixed, organic phase stable system, the molar concentration difference of Mextral 84H and Cyanex272 For:0.5M and 0.3M;
(2) extraction step
Hybrid extraction phase is mixed with waste water feed liquid, is stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, after reaction to be extracted reaches balance, Two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Extraction conditions is:It is 1: 1 compared to (O/A), extraction The weighing apparatus pH that makes even is 6.00, and incorporation time 30min, extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min. After single extraction, copper, zinc, nickel extraction yield reach 99.9%, the extraction yield of cadmium is 85.7%, calcium, magnesium extraction yield be only 5.3% and 9.6%, theory extraction series is 2 grades.
(3) washing step
Load organic phases and cleaning solution are mixed, are stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, it, will after reaction to be extracted reaches balance Two-phase mixture stands split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Wash conditions are:It is 2: 1 compared to (O/A), washing It is 5.61 to balance pH, incorporation time 30min, and wash temperature is 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.One After secondary washing, the Washing ratio of calcium and magnesium is respectively 99.8% and 63.0%, and the Washing ratio of cadmium is only 3.1%, and copper, zinc, nickel are equal Washed out to show good detersive efficiency, theory washing series is 3 grades.
(4) stripping steps
1. the back extraction of cadmium
By after washing load organic phases and sulfuric acid back washing agent mix, be stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, reaction to be extracted After reaching balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Back extraction condition is:Compared to (O/ A it is) 5: 1, stripping equilibria pH is 4.00, a concentration of 2g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, incorporation time 30min, and back extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After primary back extraction, the back extraction ratio of cadmium is 79.7%, and the back extraction ratio of nickel is only Be 9.9%, copper, zinc back extraction ratio be less than 1.0%, theory back extraction series be 4 grades, a concentration of 2.5g/L of cadmium in strip liquor.
2. the back extraction of nickel
The load organic phases after cadmium will be stripped and sulfuric acid back washing agent mixes, is stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, it is to be extracted anti- After balance should being reached, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Back extraction condition is:It compares (O/A) it is 2: 1, a concentration of 5g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, stripping equilibria pH are 3.00, incorporation time 30min, and back extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After primary back extraction, the back extraction ratio of nickel is 74.3%, and the back extraction ratio of zinc is 5.8%, the back extraction ratio of copper is less than 1.0%, and theory back extraction series is 2 grades, a concentration of 0.8g/L of nickel in strip liquor.
3. the back extraction of zinc
Load organic phases and sulfuric acid back washing agent after cadmium nickel is stripped mix, and are stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, to be extracted After reaction reaches balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Back extraction condition is:Phase It is 1: 1 than (O/A), a concentration of 15g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, stripping equilibria pH are 1.50, incorporation time 30min, back extraction temperature Degree is 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After primary back extraction, the back extraction ratio of zinc is 79.8%, the back extraction of copper Rate is less than 5.0%, and theory back extraction series is 4 grades, and zinc concentration is 4.4g/L in strip liquor.
4. the back extraction of copper
By after back extraction copper load organic phases and sulfuric acid back washing agent mix, be stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, it is to be extracted anti- After balance should being reached, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Back extraction condition is:It compares (O/A) it is 10: 1, a concentration of 180g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, incorporation time 30min, back extraction temperature are 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) For 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After primary back extraction, the back extraction ratio of copper is 92.0%, and theory back extraction series is 2 grades, strip liquor A concentration of 19.0g/L of middle copper.
The present invention propose using Mextral 84H and Cyanex272 synergistic system single extractions copper, zinc, nickel, Cadmium, and it is selectively stripped the extraction process of recovering copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium one by one, effectively recycle having in heavy metal wastewater thereby Valence metal ion realizes secondary resource recycling, reduces environmental pollution.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of technique recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology, it is characterised in that:Including Following steps:
(1) multitple extraction is carried out to heavy metal wastewater thereby using 272 synergistic systems of Mextral 84H/Cyanex, made Copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium enter organic phase, and calcium, magnesium stay in raffinate, wherein the main component of Mextral 84H extractants is 1- (2- hydroxyl -5- nonyl phenyls) acetophenone oxime, extraction series are 2-10 grades;
(2) multistage washing is carried out to load organic phases with dilute sulfuric acid, the balance pH controls of washing process are in 5.30-5.70, removal Impurity calcium, magnesium in load organic phases, washing series are 2-10 grades;
(3) the sulfuric acid back washing agent for utilizing various concentration carries out selective multi level back extraction, respectively according to the sequence of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper Obtain the strip liquor rich in cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper, wherein the back extraction series of cadmium is 4-10 grades, and the back extraction series of nickel is 2-10 grades, zinc Back extraction series be 4-10 grade, the back extraction series of copper is 2-10 grades.
2. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The operation temperature of extraction, washing and back extraction is 20 DEG C -45 ℃。
3. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the synergistic system Mextral 84H and The molar ratio of Cyanex 272 is 1:0.5-5:1, the volume fraction of total extractant is 5%-30%, and diluent is sulfonated kerosene.
4. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (1), metal ion in heavy metal wastewater thereby For:Cu (II), Ni (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), Mg (II), Ca (II), the concentration of each metal ion is 0.5-15.0g/L.
5. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (1), the balance pH of extraction is 5.70- 6.20, it is controlled 1 compared to O/A:1-1:3.
6. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (2), washing is controlled compared to O/A 1:1- 5:1。
7. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (3), the stripping equilibria pH of cadmium is 3.60- 4.20, a concentration of 1-3g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, back extraction are controlled compared to O/A 1:1-5:1.
8. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (3), the stripping equilibria pH of nickel is 2.80- 3.20, a concentration of 4-8g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, back extraction are controlled compared to O/A 1:1-5:1.
9. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (3), the stripping equilibria pH of zinc is 1.30- 1.60, a concentration of 10-15g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, back extraction are controlled compared to O/A 1:1-5:1.
10. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (3), the concentration of the sulfuric acid back washing agent of copper For 80-160g/L, back extraction is controlled compared to O/A 1:1-15:1.
CN201510971688.2A 2015-12-22 2015-12-22 A kind of technique recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology Expired - Fee Related CN106906369B (en)

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