It is a kind of to recycle from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium
Technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of techniques recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology, belong to
In secondary resource Comprehensive Recovery Technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, with industrial extensive development, heavy metal resources demand increasingly increases, total resources but day
Benefit is reduced, and grade is high, easily exploitation, the ore easily leached has faced exhaustion.The reduction of high-quality resource necessarily leads to smelting cost
Increase, finding the heavy metal resources of other forms is particularly important.Meanwhile industrial fast development is along with an a large amount of huge sum of moneys
Belong to the generation of waste water, and contain a large amount of valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby, can be used as valuable secondary resource;On the other hand,
Heavy metal wastewater thereby is one of the major pollutants in water environment, and the especially heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium micro-concentrations can produce
Toxigenicity, environmental pollution can be alleviated by recycling the heavy metal in waste water, reduce harm of the heavy metal to environment.Therefore, height is sought
The processing method of effect effectively recycles heavy metal in waste water, realizes that secondary resource comprehensive utilization has great importance.
The processing method of heavy metal wastewater thereby mainly has:Chemical precipitation method, biological treatment, absorption, UF membrane, ion exchange
With solvent extraction etc..Currently, industrial generally use chemical precipitation method handles heavy metal wastewater thereby, although the operation letter of this method
Just, of low cost, but the huge waste of heavy metal resources is caused, while a large amount of precipitation slag is generated, once it deals with improperly,
It will result in secondary pollution.
Compared to other methods, solvent extraction technology has many merits, such as instrument and equipment is simple, operation is simple fast
Speed, the rate of recovery are high, purity is good, selectivity is good, has wide range of applications.In addition to for detaching, moreover it is possible to which, as concentration means, it is
As the main method of separation and Extraction metallic element in domestic and international metallurgical industry.However, the current domestic extraction system group used
At relatively easy, generally containing only a kind of extractant and micro modifying agent, the metal ion solution of processing is also relatively single, for
The separation difficult to realize of the more similar metal ion of chemical property.
A research direction of the synergic solvent extraction as solvent extraction technology, is rapidly progressed with its unique advantage,
As the main flow direction of solvent extraction development.Synergistic system can increase the distribution ratio of metal ion, improve metal ion
Between separation, especially in the rare earth metal of multi-metal system and non-ferrous metal separation field, separating effect is notable, can be real
Now more separation of metal ions, significantly improve separative efficiency;In addition, for the similar metal ion of chemical property, single extraction
System cannot achieve separation, and synergistic effect or anti-collaboration effect can be generated during synergistic system extracting metals ion
It answers, increases the distribution coefficient between metal ion, to realize the separation of similar metals ion.Therefore, in heavy metal wastewater thereby
In terms of valuable metal recovery, synergic solvent extraction technology has potential application.
Invention content
Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of using synergic solvent extraction technology recycled from heavy metal wastewater thereby copper,
The technique of zinc, nickel, cadmium, realizes the recycling of the valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby, while reducing environmental pollution.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
A kind of technique being recycled copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology, is included the following steps:
(1) primary multistage extraction is carried out to heavy metal wastewater thereby using 272 synergistic systems of Mextral 84H/Cyanex
It takes, copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium is made to enter organic phase, and calcium, magnesium stay in raffinate;
(2) multistage washing is carried out to load organic phases with dilute sulfuric acid, removes impurity calcium, magnesium in load organic phases;
(3) the sulfuric acid back washing agent for utilizing various concentration carries out selective multi level back extraction according to the sequence of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper,
Respectively obtain the strip liquor rich in cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper.
The present invention cardinal principle be:
Metal extraction process:Wherein A represent Mextral 84H and
Cyanex 272, the process are hydrogen ion displacement reactions, which is influenced , [ by system pH;H+]Concentration is bigger, more unfavorable
In the progress of extraction.
The Equilibrium constants of the extracting reactions of metal ion:
The distribution ratio of metal ion:
Due to the difference of the chemical property between metal ion, 272 synergistic systems of Mextral 84H/Cyanex extraction
The capacity of water of metal ion is taken to be followed successively by:Cu (II) > Zn (II) > Ni (II) > Cd (II) > Mg (II) > Ca (II).
Using synergic reagent to the selective difference of different metal ions, by the extraction equilibrium for adjusting reaction system
PH, it can be achieved that copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium and calcium, magnesium separation;By adjust reaction system stripping equilibria pH, it can be achieved that cadmium, nickel,
The separation one by one of zinc, copper.
In the present invention, the operation temperature of the extraction, washing and back extraction is 20 DEG C -45 DEG C.
In the present invention, the main component of Mextral 84H extractants is 1- (2- hydroxyl -5- nonyl phenyls) acetophenone oxime,
The main component of 272 extractants of Cyanex is bis- (2,4,4- tri-methyl-amyl) phosphonic acids.Preferably, the synergistic system
The molar ratio of middle Mextral 84H and Cyanex 272 is 1: 0.5-5: 1, and the volume fraction of total extractant is 5%-30%, dilute
It is sulfonated kerosene to release agent.
In the present invention, metal ion is in the heavy metal wastewater thereby:Cu(II),Ni(II),Zn(II),Cd(II),Mg
(II), the concentration of Ca (II), each metal ion are 0.5-15.0g/L.
Preferably, in the step (1), the balance pH of extraction is 5.70-6.20, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-1: 3,
It is 2-10 grades to extract series.
Preferably, in the step (2), washing process balances pH controls in 5.30-5.70, and washing is controlled compared to O/A
1: 1-5: 1, washing series is 2-10 grades.
Preferably, in the step (3), the stripping equilibria pH of cadmium is 3.60-4.20, a concentration of 1- of sulfuric acid back washing agent
3g/L, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 4-10 grades for back extraction;The stripping equilibria pH of nickel is 2.80-3.20, sulfuric acid
A concentration of 4-8g/L of back washing agent, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 2-10 grades for back extraction;The stripping equilibria pH of zinc
For 1.30-1.60, a concentration of 10-15g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 4- for back extraction
10 grades;A concentration of 80-160g/L of the sulfuric acid back washing agent of copper, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-15: 1, back extraction series is 2-10 for back extraction
Grade.
The advantage of the invention is that:
The present invention proposes a kind of extraction efficiently recycling copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology
A kind of taking technique, novel synergistic system being made of ketoxime and phosphonic acids of the technology utilization, will be weighed by single extraction first
Copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium in metallic wastewater are detached with calcium, magnesium, and the separation for realizing copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium is stripped secondly by selectivity, real
The recycling of valuable metal in existing heavy metal wastewater thereby.
The present invention can be achieved with merely with a kind of binary synergistic system by multitple extraction, washing, back extraction numerous heavy
The separation and recycling of metal ion, not only solve the problem that heavy metal ion is detached with calcium, magnesium, also in copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium
Breakthrough is achieved in terms of separation and recovery, finally realizes the separation and recovery of heavy metal ions in wastewater.
Flow of the present invention is simple, of low cost, and organic efficiency is high.Compared to chemical precipitation method, which not only alleviates
Valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby has also been recycled in heavy metal wastewater thereby pollution problem, realizes the comprehensive utilization of secondary resource.
The present invention is suitble to handle the waste water that zinc abstraction and electroplating industry generate, heavy metal from overall recovery 98.0% with
On.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
It is as shown in Figure 1 the process flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
By taking the large-scale zinc abstraction factory heavy metal wastewater thereby in China as an example, technique using the present invention recycle copper therein, zinc,
Nickel, cadmium.The content of metal ion is as shown in table 1 after the waste water membrane distillation.
Heavy metal type and content in 1 membrane distillation heavy metal wastewater thereby of table
Metal ion |
Cu |
Ni |
Zn |
Cd |
Mg |
Ca |
Concentration (gL-1) |
2.0 |
0.5 |
5.0 |
0.7 |
10.0 |
0.3 |
Concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) reagent prepares
Mextral 84H and Cyanex 272 is mixed, sulfonated kerosene is used in combination to dilute, is fully stirred under 40 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control
3h is mixed, extraction system is made to be uniformly mixed, organic phase stable system, the molar concentration difference of Mextral 84H and Cyanex272
For:0.5M and 0.3M;
(2) extraction step
Hybrid extraction phase is mixed with waste water feed liquid, is stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, after reaction to be extracted reaches balance,
Two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Extraction conditions is:It is 1: 1 compared to (O/A), extraction
The weighing apparatus pH that makes even is 6.00, and incorporation time 30min, extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.
After single extraction, copper, zinc, nickel extraction yield reach 99.9%, the extraction yield of cadmium is 85.7%, calcium, magnesium extraction yield be only
5.3% and 9.6%, theory extraction series is 2 grades.
(3) washing step
Load organic phases and cleaning solution are mixed, are stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, it, will after reaction to be extracted reaches balance
Two-phase mixture stands split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Wash conditions are:It is 2: 1 compared to (O/A), washing
It is 5.61 to balance pH, incorporation time 30min, and wash temperature is 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.One
After secondary washing, the Washing ratio of calcium and magnesium is respectively 99.8% and 63.0%, and the Washing ratio of cadmium is only 3.1%, and copper, zinc, nickel are equal
Washed out to show good detersive efficiency, theory washing series is 3 grades.
(4) stripping steps
1. the back extraction of cadmium
By after washing load organic phases and sulfuric acid back washing agent mix, be stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, reaction to be extracted
After reaching balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Back extraction condition is:Compared to (O/
A it is) 5: 1, stripping equilibria pH is 4.00, a concentration of 2g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, incorporation time 30min, and back extraction temperature is 40
DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After primary back extraction, the back extraction ratio of cadmium is 79.7%, and the back extraction ratio of nickel is only
Be 9.9%, copper, zinc back extraction ratio be less than 1.0%, theory back extraction series be 4 grades, a concentration of 2.5g/L of cadmium in strip liquor.
2. the back extraction of nickel
The load organic phases after cadmium will be stripped and sulfuric acid back washing agent mixes, is stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, it is to be extracted anti-
After balance should being reached, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Back extraction condition is:It compares
(O/A) it is 2: 1, a concentration of 5g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, stripping equilibria pH are 3.00, incorporation time 30min, and back extraction temperature is
40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After primary back extraction, the back extraction ratio of nickel is 74.3%, and the back extraction ratio of zinc is
5.8%, the back extraction ratio of copper is less than 1.0%, and theory back extraction series is 2 grades, a concentration of 0.8g/L of nickel in strip liquor.
3. the back extraction of zinc
Load organic phases and sulfuric acid back washing agent after cadmium nickel is stripped mix, and are stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, to be extracted
After reaction reaches balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Back extraction condition is:Phase
It is 1: 1 than (O/A), a concentration of 15g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, stripping equilibria pH are 1.50, incorporation time 30min, back extraction temperature
Degree is 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After primary back extraction, the back extraction ratio of zinc is 79.8%, the back extraction of copper
Rate is less than 5.0%, and theory back extraction series is 4 grades, and zinc concentration is 4.4g/L in strip liquor.
4. the back extraction of copper
By after back extraction copper load organic phases and sulfuric acid back washing agent mix, be stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, it is to be extracted anti-
After balance should being reached, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Back extraction condition is:It compares
(O/A) it is 10: 1, a concentration of 180g/L of sulfuric acid back washing agent, incorporation time 30min, back extraction temperature are 40 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.)
For 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After primary back extraction, the back extraction ratio of copper is 92.0%, and theory back extraction series is 2 grades, strip liquor
A concentration of 19.0g/L of middle copper.
The present invention propose using Mextral 84H and Cyanex272 synergistic system single extractions copper, zinc, nickel,
Cadmium, and it is selectively stripped the extraction process of recovering copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium one by one, effectively recycle having in heavy metal wastewater thereby
Valence metal ion realizes secondary resource recycling, reduces environmental pollution.