CN105803203B - A kind of method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge - Google Patents
A kind of method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN105803203B CN105803203B CN201410841628.4A CN201410841628A CN105803203B CN 105803203 B CN105803203 B CN 105803203B CN 201410841628 A CN201410841628 A CN 201410841628A CN 105803203 B CN105803203 B CN 105803203B
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Abstract
A kind of method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge, 1 I leaching is first carried out to sludge using low-concentration sulfuric acid, the pH value 5.2~6 of leachate, now zinc-nickel is leached and copper is retained in leached mud；Then 1 II leaching is carried out to leached mud of upper stage using high-concentration sulfuric acid, control leachate pH ＜ 1, the remaining metal that can leach state in slag is all leached；Take the leachate of 1 II acquisition to carry out 21 leachings to new sludge, monitor pH of leaching solution 5.2~6, now copper is precipitated and is enriched with leached mud；Then 2 II leachings are carried out to leached mud of upper stage using high-concentration sulfuric acid；After X circulation, the grade of copper reaches predetermined value in leached mud, monitors II pH of leaching solution of X 3~5, contains high concentration copper and low concentration zinc-nickel in the leachate of acquisition.This method only needs limited trials to obtain the optimum process condition of circulation, and method is simple, there is good promotion prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to recycling sludge processing technology field, and in particular to one kind is contained from wastewater from copper smelter sludge
The method of high concentration copper solution.
Background technology
China is copper big producer, and the yield of China's refined copper in 2013 is 6,850,000 tons.Copper production using pyrometallurgical smelting as
It is main, and the largely waste water containing heavy metal can be produced during the pyrometallurgical smelting of copper, the method that enterprise typically uses flocculation sediment
Heavy metal wastewater thereby is handled, so as to which the heavy metal in waste water is transferred in sludge.This result in generation largely containing Cu, Zn, Ni,
The sludge of the heavy metals such as Cd, As, Cr, according to statistics, in the processing procedure of smelting wastewater, it is public that average 1 ton of waste water can produce 3~4
The sludge of jin, caused wastewater sludge can all reach more than tens tons daily for most smelting enterprise, and volume of cargo in storage is more than 50,000
Ton, such sludge can not such as have efficient resourceization processing, not only cause the waste of the valuable heavy metal resources such as Cu, Zn, Ni, and
The potential risk to environment can not be eliminated.
The method for extracting valuable metal from smelting wastewater sludge at present is mainly lixiviation process, for heavy metal mainly with hydrogen
Sludge existing for oxide or oxide form, such as caused wastewater sludge during Copper making, sulfuric acid leaching processing is most normal
Method.Such as by controlling suitable leaching condition, sulfuric acid can reach more than 95% to the leaching rate of copper, the leaching to zinc-nickel
Extracting rate can reach more than 99%.Being mainly characterized by for sulfuric acid leaching is preferable to the leaching effect of the valuable metals such as copper zinc-nickel,
But it is relatively low to the selectivity of impurity, it is particularly poor to the selectivity of the impurity such as ferrochrome, therefore according to disposable high acidic oils
Mode, in leachate in addition to containing valuable metals such as copper zinc-nickels, it can also contain the impurity such as iron, chromium.Therefore Selectively leaching obtains
More concern and research.
Selectively leaching refers to the chemical property difference using different metal, by controlling appropriate extract technology condition,
Purpose metal and non-purpose metal is set to respectively enter solution and slag phase, to reach the purpose of initial gross separation.Selectively leaching method
The separation of valuable metal can be tentatively realized, obtains the higher leachate of metal purity containing purpose.But smelt dirt due to common
The grade of the metal such as copper zinc-nickel is relatively low in mud, and therefore, each valuable metal concentration of leachate obtained is relatively low, and many feelings
Due to the complexity of sludge under condition, even if by conventional Selectively leaching, the concentration difference between copper and zinc-nickel is still smaller, nothing
Method is directly entered conventional electrolysis.Therefore the recovery of valuable metal is thoroughly realized, it is also necessary to which leachate is further located
Reason, relatively common is extraction.Extraction can be extracted and be enriched with to the metal selective in leachate, form the higher list of concentration
The pure solution of metal, metal simple-substance product is obtained subsequently into electrolysis unit.In addition, also a kind of Novel electric for being referred to as cyclone electrolytic cell
Solution technology, it is to eliminate the unfavorable factor to electrolysis such as concentration polarization by high speed liquid flow, ensures that metal target preferentially separates out, i.e.,
It can be realized in more metallic solution systems of complexity and selective electrolysis or electrodeposition are carried out to specific valuable metal.But study table
Bright, metal target concentration is bigger in electrolytic solution, and the current efficiency of electrolytic process is higher；And target and non-targeted metal is dense
Degree difference is bigger, and the quality of cyclone electrolytic cell product is better.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to be improved for Conventional selective extract technology, a kind of multi-cycle selectivity is designed
Extract technology, by controlling pH of leaching solution, to the valuable metal substep selective leaching such as copper zinc-nickel in wastewater from copper smelter sludge
Go out, be follow-up more important is the leachate for obtaining copper containing high concentration, low concentration zinc-nickel while zinc-nickel leachate is obtained
The cyclone electrolytic cell stage provides more high-quality electrolytic solution, so as to help to greatly improve the efficiency of cyclone electrolytic cell, obtains more high-quality
Electrolytic etching of metal product.
For achieving the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
The method of copper zinc-nickel, this method comprise the following steps in a kind of multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge：
A. wastewater from copper smelter sludge is taken, 1-I leaching is carried out to it using acid solution, monitors the pH value of leachate, and make
Maintain 5.2~6 between, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, now zinc-nickel leach and copper is retained in leached mud, zinc-nickel will be contained
Leachate collect；
B. the leached mud obtained using acid solution to step A carries out 1-II leaching, control leachate pH ＜ 1, by slag
It is remaining can the metal such as copper zinc-nickel of Ore Leaching state all leach, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, leachate is collected and standby；
C. the leachate containing various metals for taking step B to obtain, 2-I is carried out to new sludge as low concentration acid solution
Secondary leaching, and pH of leaching solution is monitored, it is allowed between maintaining 5.2~6, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, by the leaching containing zinc-nickel
Eluate collection, now copper in liquid phase precipitate and be enriched with leached mud, the grade of copper increases compared to raw sewage in slag；
D. the leached mud obtained using high concentrated acid solution to step C carries out 2-II leaching, controls leachate pH ＜ 1,
By in slag it is remaining can the metal such as copper zinc-nickel of Ore Leaching state all leach, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, leachate is collected
It is and standby as the low concentration acid of next stage；
E. and then take the leachate that step D is obtained to carry out 3-I leaching to new sludge, so circulate two step X of C, D
It is secondary, until the grade of copper reaches predetermined value in the leached mud of-I leaching process of X；
F. X-II leaching process are monitored, make between the pH value of leachate maintains 3~5, after the completion of leaching to be consolidated
Liquid separates, the zinc-nickel of the copper containing high concentration and low concentration in the leachate of acquisition, and the concentration difference of copper and zinc-nickel is larger.
The method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as described above, it is preferable that the copper
Smelting wastewater sludge is the sludge that is obtained through flocculation precipitation method of the waste water containing heavy metal caused by during the pyrometallurgical smelting of copper.
The method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as described above, it is preferable that Copper making
Wastewater sludge copper content is 0.2wt%~60wt%, and Zn content is 0.2wt%~20wt%, nickel content be 0.2wt%~
20wt%.
The method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as described above, it is preferable that the step
Predetermined value in rapid E is ＞ 10g/L.
The method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as described above, it is preferable that the leaching
Go out acid used and be selected from sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.
The method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as described above, it is preferable that the step
In rapid A and C, the mass/volume ratio of sludge and acid solution is 1kg: (4~20) L；In the step B and D, mud and acid solution
Mass/volume ratio be 1kg: (4~20) L.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：By using the Selectively leaching technological process repeatedly circulated, purity is being obtained
While higher zinc-nickel leachate, constantly copper is set to precipitate enrichment in leached mud by X-I (X ＞ 1) secondary leaching process, so as to
The leachate of the zinc-nickel of the copper containing high concentration and low concentration is obtained in the last time leaching process of circulation, wherein copper is dense
Degree reaches ＞ 10g/L, copper and zinc, the equal ＞ 10 of the concentration ratio of nickel.The high concentration of copper and its larger with other metals in leachate
Concentration difference causes the difficulty of subsequent recovery copper to substantially reduce.The leaching rate of copper reaches 85%, and zinc, the leaching rate of nickel reach
90%.The technique only needs to obtain the optimum process condition of each circulation by the experiment of limited number of time, and method is simple, has good
Promotion prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the method for the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Selectively leaching processing is carried out to sludge from copper smelting sample 1 using the method for the present invention, in sample 1 metal species and
Its content is as shown in table 1.Technological process is as shown in figure 1, comprise the following steps that：
(1) take 20g wastewater from copper smelter mud sample 1 to be placed in leach in container, add 160mL, concentration is 0.06g/mL's
Sulfuric acid, mixed by agitator with sludge agitation, the pH value of leachate is monitored in leaching process, be allowed to maintain 5.4, leach
Operation continues 2 hours；Separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, the leachate containing zinc-nickel is collected；
(2) leached mud of step (1) is placed in and leached in container, take 160mL, sulfuric acid and the leaching that concentration is 0.12g/mL
Slag is stirred, and the pH that leachate is monitored in leaching process is 0.5, and leaching operation continues 2 hours, by the copper zinc in leached mud
The metals such as nickel are all leached, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, and high acidic oils liquid is collected and standby；
(3) take new sludge from copper smelting 20g to be placed in leach in container, the high acidic oils liquid that step (2) is obtained is as low dense
Spend sulfuric acid to leach agent and the mixing of new sludge agitation carry out the leaching of second stage, the pH value of leachate is monitored in leaching process,
It is allowed to maintain 5.4, leaching operation continues 2 hours, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, and the leachate containing zinc-nickel is collected, and copper sinks
Form sediment and enter leached mud and be enriched with；
(4) leached mud is placed in and leached in container, then take 160mL, the sulfuric acid and leached mud stirring that concentration is 0.12g/mL
Mixing, the pH value that leachate is monitored in leaching process is 0.5, and leaching operation continues 2 hours, by copper zinc-nickel in leached mud etc.
Metal all leaches, and separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, leachate is collected and is used as the low-concentration sulfuric acid of next stage standby；
(5) (3) (4) two step totally 7 times is constantly circulated；
(6) leached mud (leached mud that i.e. the 7th circulation step (3) obtains) of the high copper grade of 7-I times is placed in leaching
In container, 160mL is taken, concentration is that 0.13g/mL sulfuric acid and leached mud are stirred, and the pH of leachate is controlled in leaching process
It is worth for 3.5, separation of solid and liquid is carried out after the completion of leaching.
Zinc concentration is 4.95g/L in obtained zinc-nickel leachate, and Ni concentration is 0.47g/L；The copper zinc-nickel obtained
Leachate Cu concentration is 21.5g/L, and zinc concentration 2.5g/L, Ni concentration are 0.32g/L, and other impurity concentrations are relatively low.
Selectively leaching positive effect, and obtain copper and the larger leachate of zinc-nickel concentration difference.
Metal species and its content contained by the mud sample 1 of table 1
| Metal | Cu | Zn | Ni | Fe | Cr | Cd | As |
| Content (%) | 4.24 | 6.69 | 0.6 | 1.18 | 0.028 | 0.006 | 0.019 |
Embodiment 2
Selectively leaching processing is carried out to sludge from copper smelting sample 2 using the method for the present invention, in sample 2 metal species and
Its content is as shown in table 2.
Technological process is as shown in figure 1, comprise the following steps that：
(1) take 40g wastewater from copper smelter mud sample 2 to be placed in leach in container, add 240mL, concentration is 0.05g/mL's
Sulfuric acid, mixed by agitator with sludge agitation, the pH value of leachate is monitored in leaching process, be allowed to maintain 5.6, leach
Operation continues 2 hours；Separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, the leachate containing zinc-nickel is collected；
(2) leached mud of step (1) is placed in and leached in container, take 240mL, sulfuric acid and the leaching that concentration is 0.14g/mL
Slag is stirred, and the pH that leachate is monitored in leaching process is 0.3, and leaching operation continues 2 hours, by the copper zinc in leached mud
The metals such as nickel are all leached, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, and high acidic oils liquid is collected and standby；
(3) take new sludge from copper smelting 40g to be placed in leach in container, the high acidic oils liquid that step (2) is obtained is as low dense
Spend sulfuric acid to leach agent and the mixing of new sludge agitation carry out the leaching of second stage, the pH value of leachate is monitored in leaching process,
It is allowed to maintain 5.6, leaching operation continues 2 hours, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, and the leachate containing zinc-nickel is collected, and copper sinks
Form sediment and enter leached mud and be enriched with；
(4) leached mud is placed in and leached in container, then take 240mL, the sulfuric acid and leached mud stirring that concentration is 0.14g/mL
Mixing, the pH value that leachate is monitored in leaching process is 0.3, and leaching operation continues 2 hours, by copper zinc-nickel in leached mud etc.
Metal all leaches, and separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, leachate is collected and is used as the low-concentration sulfuric acid of next stage standby；
(5) (3) (4) two step totally 15 times is constantly circulated；
(6) leached mud (leached mud that i.e. the 15th circulation step (3) obtains) of the high copper grade of 15-I times is placed in leaching
Go out in container, take 240mL, concentration is that 0.16g/mL sulfuric acid and leached mud are stirred, and leachate is controlled in leaching process
PH value is 4.6, and separation of solid and liquid is carried out after the completion of leaching.
Zinc concentration is 5.46g/L in obtained zinc-nickel leachate, and Ni concentration is 1.67g/L；The copper zinc-nickel obtained
Leachate Cu concentration is 42.4g/L, and zinc concentration 3.5g/L, Ni concentration are 1.62g/L, and other impurity concentrations are relatively low.
Selectively leaching positive effect, and obtain copper and the larger leachate of zinc-nickel concentration difference.
Metal species and its content contained by the mud sample 2 of table 2
| Metal | Cu | Zn | Ni | Fe | Cr | Cd | As |
| Content (%) | 5.54 | 7.69 | 1.8 | 0.88 | 0.018 | 0.003 | 0.029 |
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of copper zinc-nickel in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge, it is characterised in that this method includes
Following steps：
A. wastewater from copper smelter sludge is taken, 1-I leaching is carried out to it using acid solution, monitors the pH value of leachate, and be allowed to tie up
Hold between 5.2~6, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, now zinc-nickel is leached and copper is retained in leached mud, by the leaching containing zinc-nickel
Eluate collection；
B. the leached mud obtained using acid solution to step A carries out 1-II leaching, and control leachate pH ＜ 1 will be remaining in slag
Can the metal such as copper zinc-nickel of Ore Leaching state all leach, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, leachate is collected and standby；
C. the leachate containing various metals for taking step B to obtain, 2-I leaching is carried out to new sludge as low concentration acid solution
Go out, and monitor pH of leaching solution, be allowed between maintaining 5.2~6, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, by the leachate containing zinc-nickel
Collect, now the copper in liquid phase is precipitated and is enriched with leached mud, and the grade of copper is compared to raw sewage increase in slag；
D. the leached mud obtained using high concentrated acid solution to step C carries out 2-II leaching, control leachate pH ＜ 1, by slag
In it is remaining can the metal such as copper zinc-nickel of Ore Leaching state all leach, separation of solid and liquid after the completion of leaching, leachate is collected and made
It is standby for the low concentration acid of next stage；
E. and then take the leachate that step D is obtained to carry out 3-I leaching to new sludge, so circulate step X times of C, D two, directly
Into the leached mud of-I leaching process of X, the grade of copper reaches predetermined value；
F. X-II leaching process are monitored, make between the pH value of leachate maintains 3~5, solid-liquid point is carried out after the completion of leaching
From, the zinc-nickel of the copper containing high concentration and low concentration in the leachate of acquisition, and the concentration difference of copper and zinc-nickel is larger.
2. the method for copper zinc-nickel, its feature exist in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as claimed in claim 1
In the wastewater from copper smelter sludge obtains for caused heavy metal-containing waste water during the pyrometallurgical smelting of copper through flocculation precipitation method
Sludge.
3. the method for copper zinc-nickel, its feature exist in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as claimed in claim 2
In wastewater from copper smelter sludge copper content is 0.2wt%~60wt%, and Zn content is 0.2wt%~20wt%, and nickel content is
0.2wt%~20wt%.
4. the method for copper zinc-nickel, its feature exist in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as claimed in claim 3
In the predetermined value in the step E is ＞ 10g/L.
5. the side of copper zinc-nickel in the multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as any one of claim 1-4
Method, it is characterised in that the acid used in the leaching is selected from sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.
6. the method for copper zinc-nickel, its feature exist in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as claimed in claim 5
In in the step A and C, the mass/volume ratio of sludge and acid solution is 1kg: (4~20) L；In the step B and D, mud
Mass/volume ratio with acid solution is 1kg: (4~20) L.
7. the method for copper zinc-nickel, its feature exist in multi-cycle Selectively leaching wastewater from copper smelter sludge as claimed in claim 6
In the X is 2~40.
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| WO2018037305A1 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-01 | Flsmidth A/S | Methods of rapidly leaching metallic copper in sulfate systems |
| CN116356148B (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-08-22 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Pretreatment method for enriching noble metal by using carbonylation alloy |
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