CN106896410B - The method of the deformation modulus and brittleness index of rock is explained using Sonic Logging Data - Google Patents
The method of the deformation modulus and brittleness index of rock is explained using Sonic Logging Data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method that the deformation modulus and brittleness index of rock are explained using Sonic Logging Data, is related to oil and gas reservoir logging evaluation.The method for explaining deformation modulus using Sonic Logging Data, the interpretation model of deformation modulus are as follows: Dm=aeb*f(AC), Dm is deformation modulus, and f (AC)=Vp is sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave, and a and b are constant.The calculation formula of f (AC) are as follows: f (AC)=pAC‑q, in formula: p and q is constant；AC is well logging sonic differential time., by establishing the functional relation of well logging sonic differential time and deformation modulus come the deformation modulus of quantitative interpretation rock, result is more accurate for it.The method for explaining brittleness index using Sonic Logging Data comprising: the brittleness index of rock is calculated using the static Young's modulus of rock and according to the deformation modulus that the method for the above-mentioned deformation modulus for being explained rock using Sonic Logging Data is obtained.It can preferably reflect changing rule of the reservoir rock Brittleness on well logging section, can be used as the reference data of reservoir rock mechanics evaluation and hydraulic fracturing construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil and gas reservoir logging evaluation fields, and the change of rock is in particular to explained using Sonic Logging Data
The method of shape modulus and brittleness index.
Background technique
In the Brittleness evaluation of shale reservoir, need to consider rock plasticity deformation behaviour, wherein elastic strain, plasticity
Dependent variable is the evaluation brittle important parameter of mud shale.These parameters can be obtained by testing indoor Rock Mechanics Test, still
It may not apply in field evaluation, Yao Shixian field application, just must be set up the strain using interpretation of logging data mud shale
Amount.
In well log interpretation evaluation, the evaluation method that rock brittleness is established by two aspects main at present:
(1) the brittleness Logging Evaluation Method based on elastic characteristic
Griser and Bray (2007) in the relationship research of comparative analysis Barnett shale gas yield and log parameter,
The shale for being considered suitable to volume fracturing has the feature of low Poisson's ratio or high Young's modulus, and is proposed with this with normalized poplar
Family name's modulus and Poisson's ratio quantitative assessment shale reservoir brittleness.Rickman etc. (2008) gives Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is quantitative
The empirical of the extreme value of the normalized parameter of brittleness index is evaluated, and thinks that the Poisson's ratio of rock is lower easier in pressure break
Generate complicated Fracture System, the easier stability for maintaining crack after the higher pressure break of Young's modulus.Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio
It can reflect the compressibility of rock to a certain extent, but shale is a kind of higher crisp plasticity rock class of plasticity, it cannot be by poplar
Family name's modulus and Poisson's ratio are simply equal with brittleness.For example, rock often shows higher Young mould with the increase of confining pressure
Amount and lower Poisson's ratio, but its plasticity is also stronger.
(2) the brittleness Logging Evaluation Method based on mineral content
Jarvie etc. (2007) proposes the degree quantitative assessment reservoir rock according to the siliceous component of Barnett shale
Brittleness.For some scholars according to different regions mineral characteristic, the applicability to this method in different regions proposes improvement.Example
Such as, Wang and Gale's (2009) introduce dolomite and TOC, wherein using dolomite as brittleness component；Wang etc. (2008)
Maturity of organic matter Ro is introduced as characterization rock diagenesis intensity；Diao Haiyan (2013) is proposed the method and bullet of mineral constituent
The method of the method combining assessment shale reservoir rock brittleness of property parameter.Mineral constituent content be determine rock brittleness it is important because
Element, but some other factors, such as identical area, layer position shale texture development degree difference, different regions, layer position
Shale undergoes the difference of diagenesis, the effect of diagenesis Late reformation, also has great influence to rock brittleness.And mineral constituent contains
The brittleness index of amount is difficult more comprehensively to characterize these brittle factors of reflection.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for explaining deformation modulus using Sonic Logging Data, pass through foundation
The functional relation of well logging sonic differential time and deformation modulus carrys out the deformation modulus of quantitative interpretation rock, and result is more accurate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for explaining brittleness index using Sonic Logging Data, can be compared with
Changing rule of the good reflection reservoir rock Brittleness on well logging section, can be used as reservoir rock mechanics evaluation and waterpower
The reference data of pressing crack construction.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to realize.
The present invention proposes a kind of method for explaining deformation modulus using Sonic Logging Data, the interpretation model of deformation modulus
Are as follows: Dm=aeb*f(AC), Dm is deformation modulus, and f (AC)=Vp is sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave, and a and b are by establishing well logging sound wave
The constant that the regression relation of velocity of longitudinal wave and deformation modulus obtains.The calculation formula of f (AC) are as follows: f (AC)=pAC-q, in formula: p and
Q be constant, p and q simultaneously for 1 and p and q be not 0；AC is well logging sonic differential time.
The present invention also proposes a kind of method for explaining brittleness index using Sonic Logging Data comprising: utilize rock
Static Young's modulus and the distorted pattern obtained according to the method for the above-mentioned deformation modulus for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data
It measures to calculate the brittleness index of rock.
The method of the deformation modulus and brittleness index that rock is explained using Sonic Logging Data of the embodiment of the present invention is had
Beneficial effect is: the deformation modulus of rock is explained using Sonic Logging Data, by establishing well logging sonic differential time and sound wave longitudinal wave speed
The functional relation of degree resettles the relationship of sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave and deformation modulus, that is, establishes well logging sonic differential time and distorted pattern
The functional relation of amount carrys out the deformation modulus of quantitative interpretation rock, and result is more accurate.Brittleness is explained using Sonic Logging Data
The method of index can preferably reflect changing rule of the reservoir rock Brittleness on well logging section, can be used as reservoir rock
The reference data of stone mechanics evaluation and hydraulic fracturing construction.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also be according to this
A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the stress-strain curve of rock；
Fig. 2 is the relational graph for the static Young's modulus tested under well log interpretation dynamic modulus and indoor simulation formation condition；
Fig. 3 is the sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave of indoor test and the relational graph of well logging sonic differential time under simulation stratum condition；
Fig. 4 is the deformation modulus of indoor test and the relational graph of sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave；
Fig. 5 is crisp plastic well log interpretation section.
Specific embodiment
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, according to normal conditions or manufacturer builds
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The method for explaining deformation modulus and brittleness index using Sonic Logging Data of the embodiment of the present invention is carried out below
It illustrates.
The present invention provides a kind of method of deformation modulus that rock is explained using Sonic Logging Data, the explanation of deformation modulus
Model are as follows: Dm=aeb*f(AC), Dm is deformation modulus, and f (AC) is sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave, and a and b are by establishing well logging sound wave
The constant that the regression relation of velocity of longitudinal wave and deformation modulus obtains.The calculation formula of f (AC) are as follows: f (AC)=pAC-q, in formula: p and
Q be constant, p and q simultaneously for 1 and p and q be not 0；AC is well logging sonic differential time.In the present embodiment, rock is mud page
Rock.
It is some studies have shown that there are preferable non-linear relations between the sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave and deformation modulus of rock.Such as
Barton (2002) has found acoustic wave of rock velocity of longitudinal wave and change using the method analysis that Q system is classified in sand and mud interstratification type stratum
Shape modulus has preferable exponential function relation.Wu Xingchun etc. (1998) is fitted using rock mechanics parameters management system ROMEDA
Relationship between granitic mass acoustic velocity and deformation modulus.Zhou Hongfu etc. (2015) is multiple to China Sichuan from different places
The POTENTIAL OF PERMIAN BASALT indoor test of rock class shows that there is fabulous exponential function to close for sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave and deformation modulus
System.Therefore, the functional relation of deformation modulus Yu sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave has been can establish.In the prior art, generally by testing
Room tests the sample of acquisition to obtain indoor interval transit time, then fast to sound wave longitudinal wave is obtained after indoor interval transit time inverse
Degree, i.e., indoor sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave.But in practical applications, due to rock well logging sound wave frequency and indoor test frequency of sound wave
The external factor such as the temperature, the pressure that have differences and test cause well logging sonic differential time and indoor sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave often
There is some difference.In an embodiment of the present invention, well logging sonic differential time refers to the interval transit time that well logging scene obtains.This hair
In bright embodiment, by establishing the functional relation of well logging sonic differential time Yu sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave, sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave is resettled
With the relationship of deformation modulus, that is, the functional relation for establishing well logging sonic differential time and deformation modulus carrys out the deformation of quantitative interpretation rock
Modulus, result are more accurate.
Further, in the interpretation model of deformation modulus, 0.01 < a < 0.1,0.9 <b < 5.Preferably, 0.02 < a < 0.05,1
<b<2.It is further preferred that a=0.027, b=1.2811.Preferably, in the calculation formula of f (AC), p=24.206, q=
0.361。
The present invention also provides a kind of methods of brittleness index that rock is explained using Sonic Logging Data comprising: it utilizes
It the static Young's modulus of rock and is obtained according to the method for the above-mentioned deformation modulus for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data
Deformation modulus calculates the brittleness index of rock.
In the prior art, it is not directed to by elastic parameter or brittle mineral content Indirect evaluation rock brittleness mainly
Shale high-ductility feature carries out logging evaluation.Pass through the method for the above-mentioned deformation modulus that rock is explained using Sonic Logging Data
The static Young's modulus of obtained deformation modulus and rock calculates the brittleness index of rock, and it comprises the plasticity of rock spy
Sign, it is more accurate reliable to the brittleness evaluation result of rock.
Further, the model of brittleness index is explained are as follows:
In the model of brittleness index: BεFor the brittleness index of rock, εelIt is rock failure mechanism of rock front axle to recoverable strain, εtotIt is broken for rock
Bad front axle is to overall strain, σcFor the compression strength of rock, Dm is the deformation modulus of rock, and Yms is the static Young's modulus of rock.
Fragile material almost or is not plastically deformed before destruction, the main feature comprising two aspects: first, crisp
Property material plastic strain (ε before destructionpl) minimum or be zero；Second, plastic strain accounts for overall strain before the destruction of fragile material
Ratio it is minimum or be zero, i.e., elastic strain accounts for overall strain ratio (Bε) it is 1 or close to 1, as shown in Figure 1.Due to pressure resistance
Degree, static Young's modulus Logging Evaluation Method have been relatively mature at present, by logging evaluation in the embodiment of the present invention
Existing calculation formula carries out deformation and introduces deformation modulus, is embodied in the high-ductility characteristic aspect of rock, to rock
Brittleness evaluation is more accurate.
Further, Yms is determined by well logging kinetic Youngs modulus.The computation model of static Young's modulus are as follows: Yms=
0.0067·Ymd2+ 0.032Ymd+16, in the computation model of static Young's modulus: Ymd is well logging kinetic Youngs modulus.
In the prior art, general directly using the kinetic Youngs modulus parameter of rock, but due to the microfissure of rock interior,
Pore-fluid state and the test frequency of outside, the difference of plastic strain amplitude, the dynamic poplar being directly calculated by log
Family name's modulus and the static Young's modulus of indoor mechanical test have a certain difference.Experiment shows the variation with force environment,
Dynamic and static Young's modulus variation tendency is identical, therefore in the well log interpretation of rock mechanics parameters, is often simulated by laboratory test
The static Young's modulus of rock under formation condition, while statisticalling analyze the function of well logging kinetic Youngs modulus and static Young's modulus
Relationship establishes the Logging Evaluation Method of static Young's modulus.Further, the calculation formula of Ymd are as follows:In formula: ρbFor density curve of logging well, Δ tsFor well logging shear wave when
Difference, Δ tpFor well logging sonic differential time.In the present embodiment, Δ tpIt is well logging sonic differential time with AC, is indicated only with different code names
It is to preferably distinguish understanding.
Feature and performance of the invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment
Experimental subjects: Sichuan Basin Xinchang region Xu jiahe must be five sections.It is heavy that five sections of palpus belongs to delta plain-shore Vlei
Product environment, lithology is mainly black, grey black mud shale and grey, taupe siltstone, packsand not uniform thickness alternating layers, sandy ground ratio
It is mainly distributed between 30%~70%.Consider the lithology difference of the regional shale reservoir of evaluation, the present embodiment distinguishes constituency page
Rock, silty shale, siltstone, packsand, seriate sandstone amount to 26 samples.
Experiment test: carrying out density measure, three axis compression tests, sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave to 26 above-mentioned samples and test,
Test result is shown in Table 1.Table 2 show under simulation stratum condition indoors the power that indoor test obtains (when i.e. confining pressure is 32MPa)
The mechanics parameter learning parameter and being calculated by the log of sample point.
The calculating process of static Young's modulus is as follows, according to the calculation formula of well logging kinetic Youngs modulus:Survey is calculated using well logging density, compressional wave time difference, shear wave slowness curve
Well performance Young's modulus, then according to the relationship (such as Fig. 2) of test static Young's modulus and well log interpretation kinetic Youngs modulus:
Yms=0.0067Ymd2+ 0.032Ymd+16 calculates static Young's modulus.
The calculating process of deformation modulus is as follows, according to the well logging sonic differential time and indoor test sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave in Fig. 3
Relationship, the calculation formula of f (AC) can be obtained are as follows: f (AC)=pAC-q, in calculation formula, p=24.206, q=0.361.Then
Deformation modulus is calculated according to the functional relation (such as Fig. 4) of deformation modulus and the sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave of indoor test rock, becomes
The computation model of shape modulus are as follows: Dm=aeb*f(AC), f (AC) is sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave, a=0.027, b=in computation model
1.2811。
Brittleness index BεCalculating process it is as follows: the above-mentioned static Young's modulus being calculated and deformation modulus are brought into crisp
Brittleness index B is obtained in the computation model of sex indexε.The computation model of brittleness index are as follows:
Comparative example 1
Experimental subjects: Sichuan Basin Xinchang region Xu jiahe must be five sections.
Experiment test: the brittleness index B based on brittle mineral is utilized1Calculation formula:To it
Brittleness index is calculated, V in formulabriFor the volume of rock brittleness mineral constituent, VtotFor rock matrix total volume.
Comparative example 2
Experimental subjects: Sichuan Basin Xinchang region Xu jiahe must be five sections.
Experiment test: the brittleness index B based on elastic parameter is utilized2Calculation formula:Its brittleness index is calculated.Ymd is that well logging calculates dynamic Young mould in formula
Amount, μ d are that well logging calculates dynamic Poisson's ratio.
Test example
According to Fig. 5, perforated interval and its upper and lower stratum can be divided into brittleness and change more apparent five sections (A, B, C, D, E).
By five sections of corresponding B of A, B, C, D, E1、B2And BεData statistics in table 3.
The mechanics parameter feature and sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave of 1 indoor test sample of table
Well logging calculates the tables of data (confining pressure 32MPa) of dynamic parameter and indoor test static parameter under 2 formation condition of table
| Number | DEN(g/cm3) | AC(μs/ft) | Vp(m/s) | Ymd(GPa) | Yms(GPa) | Dm(GPa) |
| F1-3D | 2.53 | 83.10 | 5.04 | 21.30 | 25.9 | 14.2 |
| X23-2D | 2.60 | 78.60 | 4.69 | 22.10 | 19.4 | 7.7 |
| F2-1D | 2.56 | 82.50 | 5.16 | 21.00 | 23.7 | 15.2 |
| F2-2D | 2.43 | 98.10 | 4.69 | 16.20 | 20.5 | 11.1 |
| F2-5B | 2.54 | 70.10 | 5.38 | 31.88 | 26.2 | 26.1 |
| F1-1D | 2.57 | 69.40 | 5.24 | 42.65 | 34.0 | 21.0 |
| X23-1D | 2.60 | 75.70 | 4.92 | 18.45 | 16.0 | 10.4 |
| X33-1D | 2.56 | 84.50 | 4.81 | 27.57 | 17.4 | 11.5 |
| F1-4D | 2.58 | 60.40 | 5.46 | 54.54 | 36.0 | 32.3 |
| F1-5D | 2.58 | 63.60 | 5.41 | 50.81 | 25.8 | 21.9 |
| F1-2D | 2.58 | 66.30 | 5.26 | 47.87 | 27.8 | 25.1 |
| X28-1D | 2.88 | 65.10 | 5.39 | 47.12 | 35.8 | 33.0 |
| F2-3D | 2.58 | 60.20 | 5.59 | 53.23 | 40.1 | 35.7 |
| F2-4D | 2.58 | 56.80 | 5.55 | 48.63 | 28.8 | 25.7 |
| X33-2D | 2.56 | 59.60 | 5.77 | 64.14 | 51.5 | 46.9 |
The crisp plastic average value of the different well sections of table 3
According to Fig. 5's as a result, perforated interval and its upper and lower stratum can be divided into brittleness variation it is more five sections apparent (A, B, C,
D,E).From the statistical result of table 3, brittleness index Bε、B1The brittleness variation of characterization has preferable coupling, the brittleness mine of reservoir
Object content is higher, mineral constituent brittleness index B1It is bigger, brittleness index BεIt is bigger；And elastic parameter brittleness index B2With former three
Coupling it is poor.
Last column is in fracturing process in Fig. 5, the acoustie emission event frequency that ground micro-seismic monitoring obtains.It will micro-ly
Shake monitoring result and brittleness index BεThe rock brittleness of representative is compared, in brittleness index is D sections higher, acoustie emission event
Frequency it is higher, and frequency reduce it is more slow；When crack extends downwardly into the minimum E section of brittleness, acoustie emission event frequency is fast
Speed decline, the extension in crack receive inhibition；When crack extends up to the medium C section of brittleness, acoustie emission event frequency is certain
It is reduced in degree；Extend to that brittleness is B sections higher, and acoustie emission event frequency differs not with C sections when crack passes through C sections and continues up
Greatly；Extend to that brittleness is A sections lower, and acoustie emission event frequency continues to reduce when crack passes through B section and continues up, up to and background
Value is not much different.It can be seen that brittleness index BεThe sound that Brittleness and the ground micro-seismic monitoring of representative rock obtain
The variation of transmitting event frequency equally has preferable coupling, i.e., high brittle interval is conducive to the extension of hydraulic fracturing seam,
And the interval of high-ductility has barrier effect to the extension that hydraulic fracturing is stitched.
It can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention propose using Sonic Logging Data explain rock brittleness index method with
The Extending Law of pressure-break all has preferable coupled relation in the brittle mineral content and fracturing process of rock, can be preferable
Reflect changing rule of the reservoir rock Brittleness on well logging section, can be used as reservoir rock mechanics evaluation and hydraulic fracturing
The reference data of construction.
In conclusion the deformation modulus and brittleness index for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data of the embodiment of the present invention
In method: the deformation modulus of rock is explained using Sonic Logging Data, by the pass for establishing sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave and deformation modulus
System can carry out the deformation modulus of quantitative interpretation rock, and the present invention is established by well logging sonic differential time and indoor sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave
The obtained sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave of functional relation, solve and seek sound wave longitudinal wave later by the way that indoor test interval transit time is reciprocal
The problem of speed inaccuracy.It can preferably reflect reservoir rock brittleness using the method that Sonic Logging Data explains brittleness index
Changing rule of the feature on well logging section, can be used as the reference data of reservoir rock mechanics evaluation and hydraulic fracturing construction.
Embodiments described above is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Reality of the invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected implementation of the invention
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for the brittleness index for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data, characterized in that it comprises: utilize rock
Static Young's modulus and the method for deformation modulus of sound wave interpretation of logging data rock obtain deformation modulus to explain the rock
The brittleness index of stone；
Wherein, the interpretation model of the deformation modulus are as follows: Dm=aeb*f(AC), Dm is deformation modulus, wherein Dm=σc/εtot,εtot
It is the rock failure mechanism of rock front axle to overall strain, σcFor the compression strength of the rock, f (AC)=Vp is sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave, a and
B is the constant obtained by establishing the regression relation of the sound wave velocity of longitudinal wave and the deformation modulus；The meter of the f (AC)
Calculate formula are as follows: f (AC)=pAC-q, in formula: p and q is that constant, p and q for 1 and p and q are not simultaneously 0；AC is well logging sound
The wave time difference；
Explain the model of the brittleness index are as follows:The brittleness index
Model in: BεFor the brittleness index of the rock, εelIt is the rock failure mechanism of rock front axle to recoverable strain, εtotFor institute
Rock failure mechanism of rock front axle is stated to overall strain, σcFor the compression strength of the rock, Dm is the deformation modulus of the rock, Yms
For the static Young's modulus of the rock.
2. the method for the brittleness index according to claim 1 for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data, which is characterized in that
In the interpretation model of the deformation modulus, 0.01 < a < 0.1,0.9 <b < 5.
3. the method for the brittleness index according to claim 2 for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data, which is characterized in that
In the interpretation model of the deformation modulus, 0.02 < a < 0.05,1 <b < 2.
4. the method for the brittleness index according to claim 3 for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data, which is characterized in that
In the interpretation model of the deformation modulus, a=0.027, b=1.2811.
5. the method for the brittleness index according to claim 1 for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data, which is characterized in that
In the calculation formula of the f (AC), p=24.206, q=0.361.
6. the method for the brittleness index according to claim 1 for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data, which is characterized in that
The Yms is determined by well logging kinetic Youngs modulus.
7. the method for the brittleness index according to claim 6 for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data, which is characterized in that
The computation model of the static Young's modulus are as follows: Yms=0.0067Ymd2+ 0.032Ymd+16, in which: Ymd is the survey
Well performance Young's modulus.
8. the method for the brittleness index according to claim 7 for explaining rock using Sonic Logging Data, which is characterized in that
The calculation formula of the Ymd are as follows:In formula: ρbFor well logging
Density curve, Δ tsFor shear wave slowness of logging well, Δ tpFor well logging sonic differential time.
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| CN109828031B (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2021-07-23 | 西南石油大学 | Rock brittleness evaluation method and device |
| CN110715859B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-09-08 | 成都理工大学 | Brittleness index evaluation method based on elastic-plastic deformation and fracture strength |
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| 基于地震资料的井壁稳定性预测及分析;甘建国;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑》;20160415(第4期);第18页公式2.22上下文 |
| 浅埋大跨度洞室群围岩稳定性工程地质研究;米德才;《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（博士）工程科技II辑》;20061215(第12期);第54页倒数第1段及图4-5 |
| 致密地层岩石脆性指数的测井优化建模;范卓颖 等;《石油学报》;20151130;第36卷(第11期);第1412页第2栏公式（7）上下文 |
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