CN106896270A - A kind of measuring method of transmission line impedance - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method of transmission line impedance Download PDFInfo
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- CN106896270A CN106896270A CN201510962930.XA CN201510962930A CN106896270A CN 106896270 A CN106896270 A CN 106896270A CN 201510962930 A CN201510962930 A CN 201510962930A CN 106896270 A CN106896270 A CN 106896270A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
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Abstract
The present invention relates to electronic technology field, a kind of measuring method of transmission line impedance is disclosed.In the present invention, the method includes the steps of：S1. it is input into a known signal to the test source of transmission line to be measured；S2. level magnitudes V1 of the test source for the reflected signal of be input into known signal is measured；S3. the impedance value of the transmission line is calculated using the V1 measured in the level magnitudes V of the known signal, output impedance Zs and the step S2.With it, so that transmission line impedance measurement is simple and convenient to operate, and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic technology field, more particularly to a kind of measuring method of transmission line impedance.
Background technology
Transmission line be convey electromagnetic energy linear structure equipment, or telecommunication system important composition portion
Point, for the electromagnetic wave of carrying information, it is routed from any and is transported to another point along what transmission line specified.
, it is necessary to know the characteristic impedance value of transmission line during signal quality problem on actual analysis transmission line,
Existing general use TDR (domain reflectometer, Time-Domain Reflectometry, abbreviation TDR)
Test.Its operation principle is as shown in figure 1,6 is load resistance.Step generator 1 is to tested system
System sends a step signal.The signal by coaxial connector 2, along the onwards transmission of transmission line 5,
If transmission line impedance is continuous and equal to output impedance, will can see on oscillograph without signal reflex
The step signal for only sending.If the impedance of transmission line changes at a certain section, there will be the defeated of part
Enter signal to be reflected, the superposition of reflected signal and input signal is will appear from oscillograph, sampling section 3 is gathered
The amplitude of reflected signal, calculates transmission line impedance and outputs results to display device 4.If TDR's is defeated
Go out impedance for Z0, the level magnitudes of step signal are V, and the amplitude of the reflected signal for measuring is V1, pass
The impedance of defeated line is Z, there is relational expression (1)：
Formula (1)
Formula (1) is converted into formula (2)：
Formula (2)
V, V are obtained by measurement1、Z0, then transmission line characteristics resistance Z values can be calculated according to formula (2).
Although TDR Test is more accurate, test equipment is expensive, and due to actually used frequency
Not high, utilization rate is not high after causing purchase, and its significance is just had a greatly reduced quality.And in most cases,
Problem analysis does not simultaneously need point-device test result, it is only necessary to which a general scope can just meet
Demand.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of measuring method of transmission line impedance so that with it,
Transmission line impedance measurement is simple and convenient to operate, and low cost.
In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of measurement of transmission line impedance
Method, comprises the steps of：S1. it is input into a known signal to the test source of transmission line to be measured；S2. survey
Level magnitudes V1 of the amount test source for the reflected signal of be input into known signal；S3. utilize
The V1 measured in level magnitudes V, the output impedance Zs and the step S2 of the known signal
It is calculated the impedance value of the transmission line.
Embodiment of the present invention in terms of existing technologies, one is input into the test source of transmission line to be measured
Level magnitudes of the source for the reflected signal of be input into known signal are tested in known signal, then measurement
V1, level magnitudes V then in conjunction with known signal, output impedance ZsTransmission line can be just calculated
Impedance value, it is known that the level magnitudes V of signal, output impedance ZsAll it is given data, that is to say, that
The level magnitudes V of reflected signal need to only be measured1, measuring method is simple and convenient to operate；In addition,
It is because the measuring apparatus of this method need to only have the function of output periodic signal therefore high without using cost
Expensive equipment, has saved cost.
In addition, in the step S1, using an oscillograph test from output end to transmission line to be measured
Source is input into a known signal.Application of oscillograph extensively, using test source from oscillograph to transmission line to be measured
End input known signal can make the low cost of this method, be conducive to present invention popularization in actual applications.
In addition, in the step S2, the test source is measured using the test lead of the oscillograph
For the level magnitudes of the reflected signal of institute's input signal.It is defeated for institute using oscilloscope measurement test source
Entering the level magnitudes of the reflected signal of signal can make the low cost of this method, be conducive to the present invention in reality
Popularization in.
In addition, the survey of the output end and test lead of the oscillograph using coaxial line and the transmission line to be measured
Examination source connection.Coaxial line is common signal transmssion line, and the coaxial line for being connected to oscillograph output end is used
In transmission level signal, connection is reliable.
In addition, the electrical length of the rising edge of the known signal is less than or equal to the transmission line to be measured
Signal transmission time delay.Because the electrical length of the rising edge when known signal is less than or equal to transmission line to be measured
Signal transmission time delay, when just can ensure that known signal rising edge completely into transmission line, it is known that signal
Reflected signal is also not reaching to test source, improves the measurement accuracy of V1.
In addition, the cycle of the known signal prolongs more than or equal to the signal transmission of the transmission line to be measured
When.Before the end cycle of known signal, it is known that the reflected signal of signal needs to reach test source,
That is, it is known that the cycle of signal is greater than or equal to the signal transmission time delay of transmission line to be measured, improves V1
Measurement accuracy.
In addition, the cycle of the signal is more than or equal to the 4 of the signal transmission time delay of the transmission line to be measured
Times.This method is tested using the rising edge of known signal, after the half period of known signal, is arrived
The trailing edge for coming can upset test result, therefore, before trailing edge arrival, it is known that the reflection letter of signal
Number will reach test source, that is to say, that the cycle of known signal is more than or equal to transmission line to be measured
4 times of signal transmission time delay, improve test test result precision.
In addition, in step s3, being calculated using following formula：By the formula, can be with root
It is calculated according to the level magnitudes V1 of the level magnitudes V, output impedance Zs and reflected signal of known signal
The impedance value Z of transmission line, so as to avoid using TDR equipment, reduces cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the operation principle schematic diagram according to TDR under prior art；
Fig. 2 is illustrated according to a kind of flow of measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 is illustrated according to a kind of principle of measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 4 is according to a kind of equivalent electric of the measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
Road；
Fig. 5 is according to a kind of the first rank of the measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
Jump signal and reflected signal schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is according to a kind of second rank of the measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
Jump signal and reflected signal schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is according to a kind of level magnitudes of the measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
V1Test result schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is according to a kind of principle of simulation of the measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is imitative according to a kind of V_out of the measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
True waveform diagram；
Figure 10 is imitative according to a kind of TDR of the measuring method of transmission line impedance of first embodiment of the invention
True the result schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to this hair
Bright each implementation method is explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that
In each implementation method of the invention, in order that reader more fully understands the application and to propose many technologies thin
Section.But, even if many variations and modification without these ins and outs and based on following implementation method,
The application each claim technical scheme required for protection can also be realized.
First embodiment of the invention is related to a kind of measuring method of transmission line impedance.Its flow such as Fig. 2
It is shown, it is specific as follows：
Step 201, a known signal is input into the test source of transmission line to be measured.
Specifically, present embodiment uses the output end of an oscillograph to the test source of transmission line to be measured
It is input into a known signal.Wherein, oscillograph has output periodic signal function；Known signal can be rank
Jump signal；The output end and test lead of oscillograph are connected using the test source of coaxial line and transmission line to be measured.
As shown in figure 3, present embodiment needs an oscillograph and two with output periodic signal function
Root coaxial line, wherein with the test source of transmission line to be measured be connected the output end of oscillograph by a coaxial line,
With the test source of transmission line to be measured be connected the test lead of oscillograph by another coaxial line.And, two
One end that coaxial line is connected to output line to be measured can make probe pattern, to facilitate test.
Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit of Fig. 3.Step signal is input in transmission line to be measured, the spy of transmission line
Levy impedance Z and source output impedance ZsBetween produce partial pressure, the signal after partial pressure is transferred to terminal from source,
Open-end, produces total reflection to return to source again, and step signal can be tested in transmission line in source
The whole waveform situation of change of transmission, estimates transmission line impedance and changes according to the change of this wave-shape amplitude.
Step 202, level magnitudes of the measurement test source for the reflected signal of be input into known signal
V1。
Specifically, as shown in figure 5, working as step signal I1Rising edge completely into transmission line, reflection
Signal R1When just reaching source, step signal I1With reflected signal R1Superposition forms smooth rising edge；
As shown in fig. 6, working as step signal I2After transmission line, the reflected signal R of terminal2Do not return also
When returning source, step signal I2Can continue under a certain level until reflected signal R2Arrive and be superimposed, most
Cause step phenomenon occur in waveform eventually, the amplitude of step is as ZsWith the level V of Z partial pressures1,
Level of the test source for the reflected signal of institute's input signal can be measured using the test lead of oscillograph
Amplitude V1.It can thus be seen that the minimum transfer line line length for producing step is the electricity of known signal rising edge
Gas length.
It should be noted that because the known signal of oscillograph input transmission line is periodic signal, this method
It is to be tested using the rising edge of known signal, after the half period of known signal, the trailing edge of arrival
Test result can be upset, therefore, before trailing edge arrival, it is known that the reflected signal of signal will be reached
Test source, that is to say, that the cycle of step signal needs the signal transmission more than or equal to transmission line to be measured
Time delay, the accuracy of test result is improved with this.In the present embodiment, the cycle of step signal be equal to
4 times of the signal transmission time delay of transmission line to be measured.Now, the time difference between rising edge and trailing edge be
It is the twice of maximum transmission line time delay.Then maximum transmitted line length and known signal cycle such as formula (3) institute
Show：
Lmax=T/4 formulas (3)；
LmaxIt is the length of transmission line, T is known signal cycle
Wherein, the signal transmission time delay of transmission line to be measured utilizes length, the dielectric of medium of transmission line to be measured
Constant calculations are obtained, and computing formula can be as shown in formula (4)：
Formula (4)；
Wherein, TtraceIt is transmission line time delay, L is the length of transmission line to be measured, and C is the light velocity, ErTo be situated between
Electric constant.
It is noted that the minimum transfer line line length for producing step is the electric length of step signal rising edge
Degree, i.e. when the signal transmission of the electrical length less than or equal to transmission line to be measured of the rising edge of step signal
Time delay, when just can ensure that known signal rising edge completely into transmission line, it is known that the reflected signal of signal is also
It is not reaching to test source, so as to improve V1Measurement accuracy.
Step 203, using the level magnitudes V of known signal, output impedance ZsWith level magnitudes V1Calculate
Obtain the impedance value of transmission line.
Specifically, known signal is step signal in present embodiment, and V is the level width of step signal
Degree, ZsIt is output impedance, V1It is level magnitudes, Z is transmission line characteristic impedance, and ESC is parasitic path
Electric capacity.
For step signal, ESC is approximately considered short circuit, Z in pathsStep signal V is produced with Z
Partial pressure V1, then there is formula (5) according to voltage divider principle：
Formula (5)；
Change obtains formula (6)：
Formula (6)；
Then, by testing acquisition Zs, V and V1Value, transmission can just be extrapolated according to formula (5)
Line characteristic impedance Z values.
For example, cycle T=the 100KHz of oscillograph, rise time Tr=100pS, level magnitudes
V=1V, output impedance=50 Ω.According to Fig. 3 connection methods, can there is step, platform in test source waveform
The amplitude of rank is ZsWith the level V of Z partial pressures1, the level magnitudes V of step is gone out using oscilloscope measurement1。
Test result is as shown in Figure 7.If testing out the level magnitudes V of reflected signal1Value be 0.42V, then lead to
Crossing formula (5) can calculate transmission line impedance Z=36.2 Ω.
It is noted that the test of this method has been verified by simulation analysis in the present inventor
Whether accurate, specific verification method is as follows：
First, simulation modeling is carried out as shown in Figure 8.Wherein, V_source is test source, output resistance
It is 50 Ω to resist, and the known signal of output is that rising edge is 100pS, and level magnitudes V is 1V, cycle T
It is the signal of 20MHz.V_out is voltage probe, and T_microstrip is line width 0.1mm, length 50mm
Transmission line model.
The V_out simulation waveforms for obtaining are as shown in Figure 9.Can be obtained from the simulation result of Fig. 9：
V1=0.583V, V=1V, Zs=50 Ω.Then, Z=69.9 Ω can be obtained by formula (6), while
To transmission line time delay Ttrace=280pS.
Then, TDR simulating, verifyings are carried out.By TDR simulating, verifying transmission line impedance results such as Figure 10
It is shown, can obtain Z from Figure 10 and be approximately equal to 70 Ω, compared with 69.9 Ω obtained by Fig. 9, by mistake
Difference very little.That is actual test result is consistent with simulation result, so as to prove that the method is effective and feasible.
By present embodiment, a known signal is input into the test source of transmission line to be measured, then measured
Test source is directed to the level magnitudes V1 of the reflected signal of be input into known signal, then in conjunction with known
Level magnitudes V, the output impedance Zs of signal can just be calculated the impedance value of transmission line, it is known that signal
Level magnitudes V, output impedance Zs be all given data, that is to say, that only need to measure reflected signal
Level magnitudes V1, measuring method is simple and convenient to operate；Further, since the measurement of this method
Equipment need to only have the function of output periodic signal, therefore without using costly equipment, save
Cost.
Second embodiment of the present invention is related to a kind of measuring method of transmission line impedance.Second embodiment party
Formula is roughly the same with first embodiment, and main distinction part is：In the first embodiment, it is known that
The cycle of signal is equal to 4 times of the signal transmission time delay of transmission line to be measured.And in the second embodiment party of the invention
In formula, it is known that the cycle of signal is equal to 8 times of the signal transmission time delay of transmission line to be measured.
Because the known signal of oscillograph input transmission line is periodic signal, this method is to utilize known signal
Rising edge tested, after the half period of known signal, the trailing edge of arrival can upset test result,
Therefore, before trailing edge arrival, it is known that the reflected signal of signal will reach test source, therefore
Time difference between rising edge and trailing edge is the twice of maximum transmission line time delay.Maximum transmitted line length
With the known signal cycle as shown in formula (3), that is to say, that T >=4L.And in the present embodiment,
Know that the cycle of signal is equal to 8 times of the signal transmission time delay of transmission line to be measured.That is, in known letter
Number a quarter cycle when, it is known that the reflected signal of signal has just reached test source, now,
Know that the rising edge stage of signal has only completed half, do not arrive the trailing edge stage much.It is thus known that signal
Cycle it is more long so that the rising edge of known signal terminates more late, and the arrival of trailing edge is more late, so as to
Give reflected signal more sufficient time arrival test source, accuracy is improved with this.
Certainly, it is known that the cycle of signal can not only be equal to the 4 of the signal transmission time delay of transmission line to be measured
Times or 8 times, also think other multiples, no longer enumerate herein.
By present embodiment, increase the diversity of embodiment of the present invention, actually should beneficial to the present invention
Popularization in.
The step of various methods are divided above, are intended merely to describe clear, and one can be merged into when realizing
Step splits to some steps, is decomposed into multiple steps, as long as comprising identical logical relation,
All in the protection domain of this patent；To adding inessential modification in algorithm or in flow or drawing
Enter inessential design, but do not change the core design of its algorithm and flow all in the protection model of the patent
In enclosing.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the respective embodiments described above be realize it is of the invention specific
Embodiment, and in actual applications, can to it, various changes can be made in the form and details, without inclined
From the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of measuring method of transmission line impedance, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
S1. it is input into a known signal to the test source of transmission line to be measured；
S2. level magnitudes of the test source for the reflected signal of be input into known signal are measured
V1；
S3. using level magnitudes V, the output impedance Z of the known signalsSurveyed with the step S2
The V for obtaining1It is calculated the impedance value of the transmission line.
2. the measuring method of transmission line impedance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in institute
State in step S1, be input into known to one to the test source of transmission line to be measured using the output end of an oscillograph
Signal.
3. the measuring method of transmission line impedance according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in institute
State in step S2, institute's input signal is directed to using the test lead measurement test source of the oscillograph
Reflected signal level magnitudes.
4. the measuring method of transmission line impedance according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described
The output end and test lead of oscillograph are connected using the test source of coaxial line and the transmission line to be measured.
5. the measuring method of transmission line impedance according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described
Known signal is step signal.
6. the measuring method of transmission line impedance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Signal transmission time delay of the electrical length of the rising edge of known signal less than or equal to the transmission line to be measured.
7. the measuring method of transmission line impedance according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described
The signal transmission time delay of transmission line to be measured utilizes length, the dielectric constant meter of medium of the transmission line to be measured
Calculate and obtain.
8. the measuring method of transmission line impedance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Signal transmission time delay of the cycle of known signal more than or equal to the transmission line to be measured.
9. the measuring method of transmission line impedance according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described
4 times of the cycle of signal more than or equal to the signal transmission time delay of the transmission line to be measured.
10. the measuring method of transmission line impedance as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, its
It is characterised by, in step s3, is calculated using following formula：
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Application publication date: 20170627 Assignee: Shanghai Li Ke Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Leadcore Technology Co., Ltd. Contract record no.: 2018990000159 Denomination of invention: Transmission line impedance measurement method License type: Common License Record date: 20180615 |
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