Background technology
Spectrum analyzer is a kind of receiver for carrying out spectrum analysis to measured signal, can measure unknown signaling
The relevant parameters such as frequency, amplitude, distortion, generally have frequency very wide and amplitude measurement scope.Be mainly used in base station maintenance,
The fields such as electronic product research and development, production.Spectrum analyzer can be described as frequency domain oscillograph, tracking oscillograph, analysis oscillograph, humorous again
Wavefront analyzer, frequency characteristic analyzer or Fourier analyzer etc..The key technical indexes of spectrum analyzer has frequency range, divides
Distinguish power, sweep velocity, sensitivity, display mode and spurious response, display average noise level (DANL) etc., display average noise electricity
Flat (DANL) determines the measurable minimum signal amplitude of spectrum analyzer.
As shown in figure 1, being the fundamental diagram of traditional spectrum analyzer.Input radio frequency signal will frequency by multiple frequency conversion
Rate signal higher changes into the accessible low frequency signal of data intermediate frequency module.Due to being repeatedly mixing, so inevitable requirement is carried
For multiple local oscillation signals.In this transition process, because frequency mixer characteristic in itself is determined, useless side frequency and non-thread can be produced
Property is spuious etc., in order to ensure the purity of signal spectrum, it is necessary to filtered unwanted signal with wave filter.
On the basis of Fig. 1, our company is improved spectrum analyzer.As shown in Fig. 2 being modified frequency spectrum point
The fundamental diagram of analyzer.The spectrum analyzer is realized using the scheme of three-level mixing.Radiofrequency signal is input into S1, S2 switch,
Purpose is to divide the signal into multiple frequency ranges (passage) according to swept frequency to process respectively, by taking frequency range 1 as an example, SPDT switch output
Signal is exported to the first frequency mixer after sequentially passing through wave filter 1 and resistance decrement network, the Main Function of wave filter 1 be filter it is defeated
Enter the image frequency in signal, resistance decrement network is for adjusting the channel signal amplitude.Be input into for radio frequency by the first frequency mixer
Signal is mutually mixed with the first local oscillation signal, and output is by after the filtering of the first intermediate-frequency filter, producing the first intermediate-freuqncy signal as S4
Switch all the way, is input into the second frequency mixer.Processing mode of the frequency range 2 with frequency range 1 before the second frequency mixer is consistent.Each frequency range
First intermediate-freuqncy signal is combined into all the way before the second frequency mixer, and to the second frequency mixer, the second frequency mixer is by the first intermediate-freuqncy signal for input
Mutually it is mixed with the second local oscillation signal, output is by after the filtering of the second intermediate-frequency filter, producing the second intermediate-freuqncy signal;3rd local oscillator is produced
With the 3rd local oscillation signal be mutually mixed second intermediate-freuqncy signal by the local oscillation signal of raw three-mixer, three-mixer, and output is passed through
After the filtering of 3rd intermediate-frequency filter, the 3rd intermediate-freuqncy signal is produced;3rd intermediate-freuqncy signal is input into Digital IF Processing module and carries out
Treatment.
In this scenario, input radio frequency signal is divided into multiple frequency ranges before the second frequency mixer and is processed respectively, due to letter
Number transmission path is different and the insertion loss of the device such as frequency mixer, wave filter, switch is different, if without resistance decrement network tune
If entire signal amplitude, the amplitude that each intermediate-freuqncy signal of frequency range first is input into the second frequency mixer is difference than larger.In first
After frequency signal synthesizes all the way before the second frequency mixer, rear class signal transmission path is just as, and does not have energy in transmission path
The device of controllable adjustment signal amplitude.Each frequency range is caused to be input into bigger to the signal amplitude difference of Digital IF Processing module
, by after digital intermediate frequency sampling, treatment and the calibration of whole machine, the Flatness of frequency response of whole measurement frequency range is poor.Generally
In order to optimize the Flatness of frequency response of whole frequency range as far as possible, each frequency band signals can be adjusted and entered by after Frequency mixing processings at different levels
The amplitude of ADC is as far as possible equal.In this programme before the first frequency mixer each frequency range power up respectively resistance attenuation network (attenuation network
0) attenuation may be to be exactly to realize this target.Resistance decrement network is also to realize that this objective circuit is most simple, and cost is most
Method that is low, most easily realizing.
Noise coefficient theory according to cascade system understands that the overall noise factor of system depends primarily on the system first order to be had
Noise coefficient before gain device, the more network by system rear class influence smaller to the noise coefficient of system.The shortcoming of the program
It is, in order to improve the Flatness of frequency response of whole frequency range, by increasing resistance decrement in the small signalling channel of insertion loss
Network, deliberately increased insertion loss, that is, increase noise coefficient.And before resistor network is located at the first frequency mixer, system is the
There is no gain before one frequency mixer, therefore increase the noise coefficient increase of resistor network introducing to the increasing of whole reception system noise coefficient
Big influence is very big, and resistor network noise coefficient increases by 1, and whole reception system noise coefficient also increases by 1.Frequency spectrograph DANL be with
The directly related index of noise coefficient, system noise factor becomes big, and DANL becomes big, the receiving sensitivity degradation of frequency spectrograph.
The content of the invention
To solve problem of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of spectrum analyzer for improving sensitivity, can by change
Become position of the attenuator circuit in the circuit of spectrum analyzer, by variable attenuation circuit be placed in system afterbody frequency mixer it
Afterwards, can both be more convenient accurately to meet existing scheme improves the requirement of Flatness of frequency response, and existing scheme can be solved again
The attenuation network that introduces of presence influences larger problem to system noise factor.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of spectrum analyzer for improving sensitivity, including:It is sequentially connected in series
Multistage frequency mixer, the intermediate frequency amplifier and intermediate-frequency filter of corresponding stage of being connected after every grade of frequency mixer;It is mixed in afterbody
Variable attenuation circuit is set between frequency device and data intermediate frequency module, the variable attenuation circuit and the afterbody frequency mixer,
Afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier, the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter are in series;
The variable attenuation circuit according to the different bias of the different passage relative sets of radio-frequency front-end, using the bias
Improve the sensitivity of spectrum analyzer.
Preferably, the variable attenuation circuit is arranged on the afterbody frequency mixer and the afterbody intermediate frequency amplifies
Between device.
Preferably, the output end of the afterbody frequency mixer is connected with one end of the variable attenuation circuit, it is described can
The other end for becoming attenuator circuit is connected with the input of the afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier, the afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier
Output end be connected with the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter.
Preferably, the afterbody frequency mixer is joined directly together with the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter, it is described last
The output end of level intermediate-frequency filter is connected with one end of the variable attenuation circuit, the other end of the variable attenuation circuit and institute
Afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier is stated to be connected.
Preferably, the afterbody frequency mixer is joined directly together with one end of the variable attenuation circuit, described variable to decline
The other end on powered down road is connected with one end of the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter, the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter it is another
End is connected with the afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier.
Preferably, the variable attenuation circuit is in series by least two-stage PIN diode.
Preferably, the variable attenuation circuit is numerical-control attenuator or voltage controlled avalanche oscillator.
Preferably, the equivalent expression of the output voltage of the variable attenuation circuit is:
VoRepresent magnitude of voltage during radiofrequency signal arrival variable attenuation circuit;RoRepresent the circuit before variable attenuation circuit
Equiva lent impedance;RLRepresent the circuit equivalent impedance after variable attenuation circuit;RvRepresent the equiva lent impedance of variable attenuation network.
Above-mentioned technical proposal has the advantages that:The technical program is conducive to improving the DANL performances of frequency spectrograph, and
Adjustment to Flatness of frequency response is more convenient, accurate.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
The operation principle of the technical program:As shown in figure 3, being the equivalent schematic diagram of three-stage cascade system.Contacted according to level
The noise coefficient of system is theoretical, derives that cascade system exports total noise coefficient and is:
Wherein, F1、F2、F3The first order, the second level, the noise coefficient of the third level in cascade system are represented respectively,
The first order, the gain of the second level in cascade system are represented respectively.
From the formula can be seen that system before what noise coefficient it is maximum to systematic influence.In order to reduce cascade system
Noise coefficient, it is necessary to reduce by first and second grade of noise coefficient and properly increase their gain, to reduce noises at different levels to being
The influence of system.If the first order does not have gain, lossy on the contrary, the noise coefficient to reducing system is very unfavorable.
Due to there is no amplifying circuit before first order frequency mixer of the prior art, directly increase before first order frequency mixer and decline
Subtract, equivalent to the noise coefficient that increased the first order in cascade system, the influence to overall noise factor is very big.Based on this
Be placed in variable attenuation circuit behind afterbody frequency mixer by one reason, the technical program, due to the first order intermediate frequency of system
Amplifier, second level intermediate frequency amplifier etc. have gain effect, due to increasing variable attenuation circuit after afterbody frequency mixer, make an uproar
The influence that sonic system number increases to system noise factor is very weak.Both the Flatness of frequency response of whole frequency range, and base can have been improved
Originally will not have an impact to system noise factor, and the decay of passage is adjusted with variable attenuation circuit, regulation more accurate and flexible is convenient,
It is easy to not tear machine open and is adjusted, saves production time and cost.
Based on above-mentioned operation principle, the present invention proposes a kind of spectrum analyzer for improving sensitivity.As shown in Figure 4.Bag
Include:The multistage frequency mixer being sequentially connected in series, the intermediate frequency amplifier and intermediate-frequency filter of corresponding stage of being connected after every grade of frequency mixer;
Variable attenuation circuit is set between afterbody frequency mixer and data intermediate frequency module, and the variable attenuation circuit is last with described
One-level frequency mixer, afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier, the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter are in series;
The variable attenuation circuit according to the different bias of the different passage relative sets of radio-frequency front-end, using the bias
Change the attenuation of variable attenuation circuit, and then improve the Flatness of frequency response of spectrum analyzer.
In fig. 4, the intermediate frequency amplifier of frequency mixer and same level, intermediate-frequency filter are in series are connected successively.In fact, it is at the same level
Position can mutually be exchanged between other intermediate frequency amplifier and intermediate-frequency filter, i.e., the intermediate-frequency filter of frequency mixer and same level, in
Audio amplifier is sequentially connected in series.
For the technical program, variable attenuation circuit is arranged on afterbody frequency mixer and data intermediate frequency module
Between, it becomes possible to improve the Flatness of frequency response of whole frequency range.But, variable attenuation network is placed in the amplification of afterbody intermediate frequency
The linearity to afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier is advantageously reduced before, and the type selecting for reducing afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier is difficult
Degree, reduces cost.
Based on this, technical scheme is further optimized, the variable attenuation circuit is arranged on the afterbody mixing
Between device and the afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier.
Position interchangeable based on intermediate frequency amplifier and intermediate-frequency filter, along with variable attenuation circuit is preferably disposed on most
Between rear stage frequency mixer and afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier.Three kinds of connection sides of detailed variable attenuation circuit in being listed below
Formula.
The first:The output end of the afterbody frequency mixer is connected with one end of the variable attenuation circuit, it is described can
The other end for becoming attenuator circuit is connected with the input of the afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier, the afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier
Output end be connected with the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter.
Second:The afterbody frequency mixer is joined directly together with the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter, it is described last
The output end of level intermediate-frequency filter is connected with one end of the variable attenuation circuit, the other end of the variable attenuation circuit and institute
Afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier is stated to be connected.
The third:The afterbody frequency mixer is joined directly together with one end of the variable attenuation circuit, described variable to decline
The other end on powered down road is connected with one end of the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter, the afterbody intermediate-frequency filter it is another
End is connected with the afterbody intermediate frequency amplifier.
As shown in figure 5, being the equivalent circuit diagram of variable attenuation circuit.The equivalents of the output voltage of variable attenuation circuit
Formula is:
VoRepresent magnitude of voltage during radiofrequency signal arrival variable attenuation circuit;RoRepresent the circuit before variable attenuation circuit
Equiva lent impedance;RLRepresent the circuit equivalent impedance after variable attenuation circuit;RvRepresent the equiva lent impedance of variable attenuation network.
As can be seen that working as R in formulavWhen becoming big, VoutDiminish, decay of the variable attenuation circuit to signal increases.
The variable attenuation circuit of this programme can be in series by least two-stage PIN diode, can also for numerical-control attenuator or
Voltage controlled avalanche oscillator.For this implementation, variable attenuation circuit is connected using two-stage PIN diode and realized.When to PIN bis-
When pole pipe adds forward bias, diode equivalent is a resistance, and the resistance of equivalent resistance is in the electric current that forward conduction flows through
Approximate inverse relation.Forward bias is bigger, and the electric current for flowing through diode is bigger, then equivalent resistance is smaller, then PIN diode is constituted
Attenuation network attenuation it is bigger.
For this implementation, PIN bis- is changed by the output voltage values of FPGA controls change digital analog converter (DAC)
The forward bias of pole pipe, so as to control the pad value of the variable attenuation circuit.Before variable attenuation circuit is according to first order frequency mixer
Passage it is different and different pad values are set, that is, different DAC values are set, all DAC values are stored in memory, according to
Current channel sets and calls corresponding DAC value.
Implementation method on pad value control, is exemplified below:
Determined by system schema and each device property, when the radiofrequency signal of input is 50MHz, radio-frequency front-end is switched to logical
Road 1, after corresponding local oscillator mixing at different levels, the intermediate-freuqncy signal amplitude of afterbody frequency mixer output is -10dBm;When input
When radiofrequency signal is 3500MHz, radio-frequency front-end is switched to passage 2, after corresponding local oscillator mixing at different levels, afterbody frequency mixer
The intermediate-freuqncy signal amplitude of output is -6dBm;When the radiofrequency signal of input is 4500MHz, radio-frequency front-end is switched to passage 3, with
After corresponding local oscillator mixing at different levels, the intermediate-freuqncy signal amplitude of afterbody frequency mixer output is -7dBm.In order to improve whole test
Flatness of frequency response in frequency range, it is desirable to pass through mixed with corresponding local oscillators at different levels with the radio-frequency input signals of amplitude different frequency
After frequency, input is roughly equal to the intermediate-freuqncy signal amplitude of data intermediate frequency module, thus, it is supposed that the insertion loss of variable attenuation circuit
Do not consider, when current frequency sweep passage is passage 1, variable attenuation circuit is set to 0 by the pad value that DAC is controlled, when current frequency sweep
When passage is passage 2, variable attenuation circuit is set to -4 by the pad value that DAC control, variable when current frequency sweep passage is for passage 2
Attenuator circuit is set to -3 by the pad value that DAC is controlled.
As shown in fig. 6, the circuit diagram of the spectrum analyzer for the present embodiment.The spectrum analyzer frequency measurement of the present embodiment
Scope is 9kHz to 6.5GHz.
During swept frequency scope 9kHz to 3.2GHz, switch S1 and switch S4 switch to this road of passage 1, and input signal is passed through
Switch S1 is input into wave filter 1, is filtered the signal input after image frequency and is mixed to the first frequency mixer A and the first local oscillator A, is exported
First intermediate-freuqncy signal A is defeated by S4 after the first intermediate frequency amplifier A amplifies and the first intermediate-frequency filter A filters garbage signal
Go out to the second frequency mixer.
During swept frequency scope 3.2GHz to 6.5GHz, switch S1 and switch S4 switch to this road of 2~passage of passage n.Root
Different according to swept frequency, further controlling switch S2 and switch S3 switches switch, and make radio-frequency input signals by different filtering
Device channel filtering, is then input into the first frequency mixer B and the first local oscillator B and is mixed again, and the first intermediate-freuqncy signal B of output is by first
After audio amplifier B amplifies and the first intermediate-frequency filter B filters garbage signal, exported to the second frequency mixer by switching S4.
First intermediate-freuqncy signal A and the first intermediate-freuqncy signal B are narrow band signals, and two the first intermediate-freuqncy signals of passage are second
It is combined into before frequency mixer all the way, input to the second frequency mixer, the second intermediate-freuqncy signal is obtained with the mixing of the second local oscillator;Second intermediate-freuqncy signal
By the second intermediate frequency amplifier, it is input into three-mixer after the second intermediate-frequency filter, is obtained in the 3rd with the mixing of the 3rd local oscillator
Frequency signal;3rd intermediate-freuqncy signal first passes through variable attenuation network, then carries out the amplification of the 3rd intermediate frequency, and the 3rd intermediate frequency filtering is then defeated
Going out to be supplied to Digital IF Processing module carries out digital sample treatment.
The first local oscillator is broadband signal in this programme, and the second local oscillator and the 3rd local oscillator are all fixed frequency signals.Wide scope
Rf frequency by after the first mixing, with the mixing of the first local oscillation signal of broadband frequency sweep, i.e. frequency conversion is believed for the first intermediate frequency of arrowband
Number, second, third intermediate-freuqncy signal is also narrow band signal, and signal bandwidth is consistent with Spectrometry analysis bandwidth.Also, swept frequency
When different, simply the first local oscillator and the first IF signal frequency can be different, and the 2nd the 3rd IF signal frequency is identical.
Therefore, in this embodiment scheme, equal amplitude, the radiofrequency signal of different frequency are by the corresponding filtering of radio-frequency front-end
Device passage is (after 1~passage of passage n), because the device insertion such as signal transmission path difference and switch, wave filter, frequency mixer is damaged
Consumption and Flatness of frequency response characteristic are different, after frequency conversion into the second frequency mixer the first intermediate-freuqncy signal amplitude be it is unequal,
The difference of different passages may be than larger.Because for different swept frequencies, the second intermediate-freuqncy signal is that frequency identical is narrow
Band signal, amplifies by the second same intermediate frequency, filters and the 3rd mixing, from the 3rd intermediate-freuqncy signal of three-mixer output
It is unequal amplitude.The latter linked variable attenuator of three-mixer is used for (logical according to the radio-frequency front-end passage of current setting
Road 1~passage n) configures different attenuations, and to realize same magnitude, the radio-frequency input signals of different frequency is by corresponding
After radio-frequency front-end passage and the first mixing, the second mixing, the 3rd mixing, the signal amplitude exported from after variable attenuator is substantially
Equal, so as to can ensure that the signal amplitude into Digital IF Processing module is roughly equal.Therefore this programme can be real
Now improve the target of frequency spectrograph Flatness of frequency response.
Above-described specific embodiment, has been carried out further to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail, should be understood that and the foregoing is only specific embodiment of the invention, be not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements within the spirit and principles in the present invention, done etc. all should include
Within protection scope of the present invention.