CN106896026A - Tensile test apparatus and method - Google Patents
Tensile test apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106896026A CN106896026A CN201710157375.2A CN201710157375A CN106896026A CN 106896026 A CN106896026 A CN 106896026A CN 201710157375 A CN201710157375 A CN 201710157375A CN 106896026 A CN106896026 A CN 106896026A
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 26
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000010260 leiomyoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/16—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces applied through gearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of tensile test apparatus and method, for the tension test of rock analog material.Tensile test apparatus include Power Component, transmission component, detection components and die assembly；Die assembly offers the cell body for placing sample to be tested, cell body includes the canned paragraph and glissile segment that are sequentially connected along its length, Power Component is connected by transmission component with glissile segment, to drive glissile segment to be moved away from canned paragraph along the draw direction of sample to be tested until sample to be tested is broken, detection components include stretching force detecting apparatus and displacement detector, the active force of glissile segment movement and the displacement of glissile segment are driven for determining Power Component, so as to obtain the tension test parameter of sample to be tested.Therefore, the tensile test apparatus and method that the present invention is provided can apply uniform tension for sample to be tested, improve accuracy of detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tensile strength technical field, more particularly to a kind of tensile test apparatus and method.
Background technology
In recent years in mine, geology, water conservancy and building field, with the gradually increase of excavation depth, deep cavern
Obvious nonlinear damage phenomenon is occurred in that in country rock, traditional theoretical method and numerical analysis is processing these nonlinear deformations
During destruction problem, great difficulty is encountered.Geomechanical model test with its directly perceived, real characteristic, as studying these
The important means of problem.Wherein replace leiomyoma cells as the object of simulated test by the use of analog material.
In the test method of existing geomechanics model, simple tension method is the most commonly used.It is to fix examination using folder
Sample two ends, gradually apply pulling force, until tested sample is broken, so as to determine tension stress and the tensile atrain of tested sample.
But in existing test method, due to test equipment limitation, folder is unable to being connected with sample for firm stable,
Accurately pulling force cannot directly be applied to sample, and the pulling force for applying is usually present bias, causes result of the test to exist larger
Error, causes geomechanical model test distortion.
The content of the invention
Based on above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of tensile test apparatus and method, and it can be applied for sample to be tested
Plus uniform tension, pulling force eccentric angle is eliminated, improve accuracy of detection.
The present invention provides a kind of tensile test apparatus and method, wherein, tensile test apparatus are used for rock analog material
Tension test, including Power Component, transmission component, detection components and die assembly.
Die assembly offers the cell body for placing sample to be tested, and cell body includes the fixation being sequentially connected along its length
Section and glissile segment, canned paragraph mutually coincide with the shape of one end close to each other of glissile segment, to be combined into cell body jointly, cell body
Cross-sectional width is gradually increased from the anastomosis of canned paragraph and glissile segment to two ends.
Power Component is connected by transmission component with glissile segment, with drive glissile segment along sample to be tested draw direction away from
Canned paragraph movement is until sample to be tested fracture.
Detection components include stretching force detecting apparatus and displacement detector, and stretching force detecting apparatus are connected to transmission component and cunning
Between dynamic section, the active force of glissile segment movement is driven for determining Power Component；Displacement detector is fixed on glissile segment, is used
In the displacement of detection glissile segment, with according to active force, displacement, the area of section in sample to be tested stage casing, sample to be tested
The length after the stretching of length and sample to be tested before stretching obtains the tension test parameter of sample to be tested.
In above-mentioned tensile test apparatus, it is preferred that Power Component includes servomotor.
In above-mentioned tensile test apparatus, it is preferred that transmission component includes train of reduction gears, connection leading screw and mobile drawing
Head.
Train of reduction gears includes intermeshing first gear and second gear, and first gear is fixed on the defeated of servomotor
On shaft, second gear is fixed on one end of connection leading screw, the number of teeth of the number of teeth less than second gear of first gear.
The other end for connecting leading screw is connected with mobile pull head, and mobile pull head is connected with stretching force detecting apparatus.
In above-mentioned tensile test apparatus, it is preferred that cell body is dumb-bell shape cell body, the two ends difference position of dumb-bell shape cell body
In canned paragraph and glissile segment.
In above-mentioned tensile test apparatus, it is preferred that also including rail plate and hold-down support, die assembly is arranged on
On rail plate, canned paragraph is fixed by hold-down support, and glissile segment is moved under the drive of Power Component along rail plate.
In above-mentioned tensile test apparatus, it is preferred that also including control device, control device is electrically connected with servomotor
Connect, the output speed for controlling servomotor.
Control device is electrically connected with stretching force detecting apparatus and displacement detector respectively, for collecting stretching force detecting apparatus inspection
Survey active force and displacement detector detection displacement, with according to active force, displacement, sample to be tested stage casing cut
The length after length and sample to be tested stretching before face area, sample to be tested stretching obtains the tension test ginseng of sample to be tested
Number.
In above-mentioned tensile test apparatus, it is preferred that stretching force detecting apparatus are pulling force sensor.
In above-mentioned tensile test apparatus, it is preferred that displacement detector is grating scale.
In above-mentioned tensile test apparatus, it is preferred that the two ends of pulling force sensor are by ball-type hinge and mobile pull head
And glissile segment connection.
The present invention also provides a kind of stretching test method, is applied in tensile test apparatus described above, including：
Step S1：The sample to be tested of mouldable state is positioned in the cell body in die assembly, so that mouldable state is to be tested
Sample is cured as the sample to be tested of the solid-state matched with cell body shape；
Step S2：Along the draw direction of sample to be tested to the side shifting glissile segment away from canned paragraph, until sample to be tested
Fracture, and active force, the displacement of glissile segment, the section in sample to be tested stage casing according to Power Component drive glissile segment movement
The length after length and sample to be tested stretching before area, sample to be tested stretching obtains the tension test parameter of sample to be tested.
Tensile test apparatus and method that the present invention is provided, by the dumb-bell slot that sample to be tested is placed on die assembly
In body, it is easy to the fixation of sample to be tested and for it provides uniform tension；Ball-type hinge is set by pulling force sensor two ends, is disappeared
Except due to the pulling force eccentric angle produced in experimental rig active procedure, the precision of testing inspection is improved；By control system certainly
Dynamic collection and analysis test data, improve the operability and relevance grade of experimental rig.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are this hairs
Some bright embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the tensile test apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the ball-type hinge of the tensile test apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the die assembly of the tensile test apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided.
Description of reference numerals：
10- Power Components；20- transmission components；30- detection components；
40- die assemblies；50- rail plates；60- hold-down supports；
70- control devices；80- ball-type hinges；21- train of reduction gears；
22- connects leading screw；23- moves pull head；31- stretching force detecting apparatus；
32- displacement detectors；41- cell bodies；42- canned paragraphs；
43- glissile segments；211- first gears；212- second gears.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the tensile test apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided, and Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention one
The structural representation of the ball-type hinge of the tensile test apparatus of offer, Fig. 3 is the tension test dress that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided
The structural representation of the die assembly put.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the embodiment of the present invention one provides a kind of tensile test apparatus, for the drawing of rock analog material
Stretch experiment, including Power Component 10, transmission component 20, detection components 30 and die assembly 40.
Die assembly 40 offers the cell body 41 for placing sample to be tested, and cell body 41 includes being sequentially connected along its length
Canned paragraph 42 and glissile segment 43, the shape of one end close to each other of canned paragraph 42 and glissile segment 43 is mutually coincide, with common
Cell body 41 is combined into, the cross-sectional width of cell body 41 is gradually increased from the anastomosis of canned paragraph 42 and glissile segment 43 to two ends.
Power Component 10 is connected by transmission component 20 with glissile segment 43, to drive glissile segment 43 along the stretching of sample to be tested
Direction is away from the movement of canned paragraph 42 until sample to be tested fracture.
Detection components 30 include stretching force detecting apparatus 31 and displacement detector 32, and stretching force detecting apparatus 31 are connected to transmission
Between component 20 and glissile segment 43, the active force T of the movement of glissile segment 43 is driven for determining Power Component 10；Displacement detector
32 are fixed on glissile segment 43, the displacement L for detecting glissile segment 43, with according to active force T, displacement L, to be tested
Length a before area of section S, the sample to be tested stretching in sample stage casing0And the length a after sample to be tested stretching1Obtain sample to be tested
Tension test parameter.
It should be noted that as shown in figure 1, the sample to be tested of the tensile test apparatus of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention one is pre-
The analog material for first preparing, its preparation process is：Mouldable state sample to be tested is inserted the die assembly 40 of smearing release agent
In cell body 41, treat that mouldable state sample to be tested is cured as the sample to be tested of solid-state matched with the shape of cell body 41, the then demoulding is
The preparation of sample to be tested can be completed, it should be pointed out that when the hardening time of the sample to be tested solidifies with actually used sample
Between it is identical, with ensure both have identical tensile property.Releasing agent herein is easy for the demoulding of sample to be tested, prevents mould
The cell body 41 of component 40 produces influence to sample to be tested drawing process.
After tension test starts, the sample to be tested that will first prepare is inserted in the cell body 41 of die assembly 40 again, cell body
41 include the canned paragraph 42 and glissile segment 43 that are sequentially connected along its length, canned paragraph 42 and the one end close to each other of glissile segment 43
Shape mutually coincide, to be combined into the cell body 41 jointly.The cross-sectional width of the cell body 41 of die assembly 40 is by the He of canned paragraph 42
The anastomosis of glissile segment 43 gradually increases to two ends so that sample to be tested two ends in drawing process can be stably fixed to fix
In section 42 and glissile segment 43.
Power Component 10 drives glissile segment 43 to move by transmission component 20, for it provides power so that the edge of glissile segment 43
The draw direction of sample to be tested is away from the movement of canned paragraph 42 until sample to be tested fracture.
Stretching force detecting apparatus 31 in detection components 30 are connected between transmission component 20 and glissile segment 43, determine power packages
Part 10 drives the active force T of the movement of glissile segment 43.Displacement detector 32 is fixed on glissile segment 43, detects the shifting of glissile segment 43
Move apart from L.According to the length a before active force T, displacement L, the area of section S in sample to be tested stage casing, sample to be tested stretching0
And the length a after sample to be tested stretching1Obtain the tension test parameter of sample to be tested.
It should be noted that the tension test parameter mainly includes drawing force-displacement curve, load-deformation curve, tension is strong
Degree δbAnd tensile modulus of elasticity E.Wherein, it is the main and most basic data that tension test is obtained to draw force-displacement curve
As a result, analyzed on drawing force-displacement curve, correlation test result can be drawn, and drawing force-displacement curve is examined by pulling force
Survey the curve spectrum of active force T and displacement L the data drafting of device 31 and the real-time detection of displacement detector 32.
Load-deformation curve is before being stretched by active force T, the area of section S in sample to be tested stage casing, sample to be tested respectively
Length a0And the length a after sample to be tested stretching1Calculate obtain stress value ε and strain value δ, then according to stress value ε and should
The curve spectrum that variate δ draws.Wherein the computing formula of stress value ε and strain value δ is respectively as formula (1) and formula (2) are shown.
Wherein, ε is the stress value of sample to be tested, and unit is Pa；T is the effect that Power Component 10 drives the movement of glissile segment 43
Power, unit is N；S is the area of section in sample to be tested stage casing, and unit is m2.It is important to note that S is sample to be tested
Stage casing area of section before being stretched, as stage casing original section area.
Wherein, δ is the strain value of sample to be tested；a1It is the length after sample to be tested stretching, unit is m；a0It is sample to be tested
Length before stretching, unit is m.
Tensile strength δbThe fracture resistance of fragile material is characterized, shown in its computing formula such as formula (3).
Wherein, δbIt is the tensile strength of sample to be tested, unit is Pa；TbThe maximum, force applied when being broken by sample to be tested,
Unit is N；S is the area of section before the stretching of sample to be tested stage casing, and unit is m2.It should be noted that tensile strength δbMay be used also
Obtained by load-deformation curve, as the stress value corresponding to load-deformation curve peak.
Tensile modulus of elasticity E characterizes the ability of the elastoresistance deformation of sample to be tested, and it can specifically be obtained by computing formula (4)
Arrive.
Wherein, E is the tensile modulus of elasticity of sample to be tested, and unit is Pa；ε is the stress value of sample to be tested, and unit is Pa；
δ is the strain value of sample to be tested.
It should be strongly noted that the present embodiment only enumerates above-mentioned tension test parameter, and the drawing that this experiment can be determined
Stretch test parameters and be not limited to above-mentioned example, as long as the examination that the data that can be determined by the present embodiment are directly or indirectly obtained
Parameter is tested to be encompassed by the scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.
Specifically, Power Component 10 includes servomotor.
It should be noted that because the tensile test apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided are mainly used in rock analog material
Test, rock analog material drawing process produce deformation it is smaller, it is therefore desirable to high-precision value of thrust is provided, it is ensured that experiment
The precision of result.Servomotor is converted into torque and rotating speed so as to drive control object by by voltage signal, with machine
Electrical time constant is small, the linearity is high, pickup voltage characteristic.
Specifically, transmission component 20 includes train of reduction gears 21, connection leading screw 22 and mobile pull head 23.
Train of reduction gears 21 includes intermeshing first gear 211 and second gear 212, and first gear 211 is fixed on
On the output shaft of servomotor, second gear 212 is fixed on one end of connection leading screw 22, and the number of teeth of first gear 211 is less than the
The number of teeth of two gears 212.
The other end for connecting leading screw 22 is connected with mobile pull head 23, and mobile pull head 23 is connected with stretching force detecting apparatus 31.
It should be noted that transmission component 20 is connected between Power Component 10 and glissile segment 43, it is that glissile segment 43 is passed
Send power.Transmission component 20 includes train of reduction gears 21, connection leading screw 22 and mobile pull head 23.Wherein, train of reduction gears 21 is
Reduce the output speed value of servomotor, the second gear 212 for driving the number of teeth larger by the less first gear 211 of the number of teeth is transported
Turn, further improve the active force T precision for driving the movement of glissile segment 43.
Connection leading screw 22 and mobile pull head 23 are used cooperatively, the work around servo motor output shaft that servomotor is exported
Firmly T is changed into along the active force T of sample to be tested draw direction.
Specifically, cell body 41 is dumb-bell shape cell body, the two ends of dumb-bell shape cell body are located at canned paragraph 42 and glissile segment 43 respectively
In.
It should be noted that as shown in figures 1 and 3, the cell body 41 in die assembly 40 is dumb-bell shape cell body, the cell body 41
Two ends be located in canned paragraph 42 and glissile segment 43 respectively so that what part in canned paragraph 42 and glissile segment 43 can stablize
The two ends of fixed sample to be tested.And dumb-bell shape cell body stage casing width is small compared with two ends width, it is ensured that sample to be tested therein
In drawing process, uniform deformation is produced in the less stage casing of sample to be tested width, further improve tension test parameter
Precision.
Particularly, the tensile test apparatus also include rail plate 50 and hold-down support 60, and die assembly 40 is arranged on cunning
On dynamic guide rail 50, canned paragraph 42 is fixed by hold-down support 60, and glissile segment 43 is under the drive of Power Component 10 along rail plate
50 movements.
It should be noted that being the stability of die assembly 40 in guarantee drawing process, the tensile test apparatus also include
Hold-down support 60 and the rail plate 50 for the slip of glissile segment 43 for fixing canned paragraph 42.The rail plate 50 can also enter one
Step limits the track of the movement of glissile segment 43, prevents it from being shifted in moving process, causes testing result error larger.
Particularly, the tensile test apparatus also include control device 70, and control device 70 is electrically connected with servomotor, is used for
Control the output speed of servomotor.
Control device 70 is electrically connected with stretching force detecting apparatus 31 and displacement detector 32 respectively, for collecting pull force calculation
Device 31 detection active force T and displacement detector 32 detection displacement L, with according to active force T, displacement L, treat
Length a before area of section S, the sample to be tested stretching in test specimens stage casing0And the length a after sample to be tested stretching1Obtain to be measured
The tension test parameter of sample.
It should be noted that the tensile test apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided by control device 70 stretched
The testing result of the active force T and displacement L of control and the drive movement of glissile segment 43 of journey is collected and surveyed, and according to detection
Result obtains tension test parameter.Can control test model by control device 70 is carried out according to grade strain or iso-stress, is improved
The precision of result of the test so that the tensile test apparatus are easy to operation.
Specifically, stretching force detecting apparatus 31 are pulling force sensor.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention one, stretching force detecting apparatus 31 are pulling force sensor, can select S types
Pulling force sensor, makes its elastomer (flexible member) to produce elastic deformation by external force, and internal resistance strain gage occurs shape
Become, its resistance changes therewith, and resistance variations are converted to electric signal by corresponding measuring circuit, are transformed to external force so as to complete
The process of electric signal, realizes pull force calculation.The pulling force sensor also can select plate hoop tensile force sensor, can detect Power Component
The 10 active force T for driving the movement of glissile segment 43, the present embodiment is not limited to the species of pulling force sensor.
Specifically, displacement detector 32 is grating scale.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention one, displacement detector 32 is grating scale, and it is using grating
Optical principle measures the feedback device of displacement, and shift transformation is converted into digital pulse signal, big with detection range, detection essence
The characteristics of degree height, fast response time.The displacement detector 32 also can select capacitive displacement transducer, electric vortex type displacement and pass
Sensor or Hall displacement transducer, can detect the displacement L of glissile segment 43, kind of the present embodiment to displacement transducer
Class is not limited.
Specifically, the two ends of pulling force sensor are connected by ball-type hinge 80 with mobile pull head 23 and glissile segment 43.
It should be noted that pulling force sensor is in detection process, if its two ends pulling force produces eccentric angle, it will to inspection
Survey result influence larger, it is impossible to detect real pulling force numerical value completely.And in the present embodiment, the moving process band of glissile segment 43
Dynamic sample to be tested stretching, sample to be tested inside can produce sliding etc deformation, can also further result in drawing process and produce angle
Deviation.Therefore, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, ball-type hinge 80 is respectively provided with the two ends of pulling force sensor, by ball-type hinge 80
Bulb position rotated in ball recess, to eliminate the pulling force eccentric angle at pulling force sensor two ends, improve the standard of testing result
Exactness.
The tensile test apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided, by the dumbbell that sample to be tested is placed on die assembly 40
In shape cell body, it is easy to the fixation of sample to be tested and for it provides uniform tension；Cut with scissors by setting ball-type at pulling force sensor two ends
Chain 80, eliminates the pulling force eccentric angle due to being produced in experimental rig active procedure, improves the precision of testing inspection；By control
System automatic data collection and analysis test data, improve the operability and relevance grade of experimental rig.
The present invention also provides a kind of stretching test method, is applied in tensile test apparatus described above, including：
Step S1：In the cell body 41 that the sample to be tested of mouldable state is positioned in die assembly 40, so that mouldable state is treated
Test specimens are cured as the sample to be tested of the solid-state matched with the shape of cell body 41；
Step S2：Glissile segment 43 is driven to be moved away from canned paragraph 42 along the draw direction of sample to be tested until sample to be tested breaks
Split；Detection Power Component 10 drives the active force T of the movement of the glissile segment 43 and displacement L of glissile segment 43；According to active force T,
Length a before displacement L, the area of section S in sample to be tested stage casing, sample to be tested stretching0And after sample to be tested stretching
Length a1Determine the tension test parameter of sample to be tested.Along the draw direction of sample to be tested to the side shifting away from canned paragraph 42
The glissile segment 43, until sample to be tested is broken, and drives the active force T of the movement of glissile segment 43, slides according to Power Component 10
Length a before displacement L, the area of section S in sample to be tested stage casing, the sample to be tested stretching of section 430And sample to be tested draws
Length a after stretching1Obtain the tension test parameter of sample to be tested.
It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention two also provides a kind of stretching test method, concrete operation step is：First
It is to prepare sample to be tested, the sample to be tested of mouldable state is inserted in the cell body 41 of die assembly 40 of advance smearing release agent, treats it
After solidifying to form the solid-state sample to be tested matched with the shape of cell body 41, its demoulding is prevented in drawing process, die assembly
40 produce influence to sample to be tested stretching.
Then sample to be tested is reentered into the cell body 41 of die assembly 40, transmission component is passed through using Power Component 10
20 drive glissile segments 43 are moved, and its moving direction is until sample to be tested breaks along sample to be tested draw direction away from canned paragraph 42
Split, that is, complete drawing process.
The active force T and glissile segment 43 that glissile segment 43 moves are driven finally by the detection Power Component 10 of detection components 30
Displacement L, according to the length before active force T, displacement L, the area of section S in sample to be tested stage casing, sample to be tested stretching
a0And the length a after sample to be tested stretching1Obtain the tension test parameter of sample to be tested.Tension test parameter mainly includes drawing
Force-displacement curve, load-deformation curve, tensile strength δbAnd tensile modulus of elasticity E, specific calculating process and reality of the present invention
Apply identical in example one, here is omitted.
The stretching test method that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided, by the dumbbell that sample to be tested is placed on die assembly 40
In shape cell body, it is easy to the fixation of sample to be tested and for it provides uniform tension；Cut with scissors by setting ball-type at pulling force sensor two ends
Chain 80, eliminates the pulling force eccentric angle due to being produced in experimental rig active procedure, improves the precision of testing inspection；By control
System automatic data collection and analysis test data, improve the operability and relevance grade of experimental rig.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe has been described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments to the present invention, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tensile test apparatus, for the tension test of rock analog material, it is characterised in that including Power Component, pass
Dynamic component, detection components and die assembly；
The die assembly offers the cell body for placing sample to be tested, and the cell body includes what is be sequentially connected along its length
Canned paragraph and glissile segment, the canned paragraph mutually coincide with the shape of one end close to each other of the glissile segment, to spell jointly
Into the cell body, the cross-sectional width of the cell body is gradually increased from the anastomosis of the canned paragraph and the glissile segment to two ends；
The Power Component is connected by the transmission component with the glissile segment, to drive the glissile segment along described to be tested
The draw direction of sample is away from canned paragraph movement until sample to be tested fracture；
The detection components include stretching force detecting apparatus and displacement detector, and the stretching force detecting apparatus are connected to the transmission
Between component and the glissile segment, the active force of the glissile segment movement is driven for determining the Power Component；The displacement
Detection means is fixed on the glissile segment, the displacement for detecting the glissile segment, with according to the active force, described
Length and the sample to be tested before displacement, the area of section in the sample to be tested stage casing, sample to be tested stretching
Length after stretching obtains the tension test parameter of the sample to be tested.
2. tensile test apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Power Component includes servomotor.
3. tensile test apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the transmission component include train of reduction gears,
Connection leading screw and mobile pull head；
The train of reduction gears includes intermeshing first gear and second gear, and the first gear is fixed on the servo
On the output shaft of motor, the second gear is fixed on one end of the connection leading screw, and the number of teeth of the first gear is less than institute
State the number of teeth of second gear；
The other end of the connection leading screw is connected with the mobile pull head, and the mobile pull head connects with the stretching force detecting apparatus
Connect.
4. tensile test apparatus according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the cell body is dumb-bell slot
Body, the two ends of the dumb-bell shape cell body are located in the canned paragraph and the glissile segment respectively.
5. tensile test apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that also including rail plate and hold-down support, institute
State die assembly to be arranged on the rail plate, the canned paragraph is fixed by the hold-down support, the glissile segment is in institute
State rail plate movement described in the drive lower edge of Power Component.
6. tensile test apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that also including control device, the control device
Electrically connected with the servomotor, the output speed for controlling the servomotor；
The control device is electrically connected with the stretching force detecting apparatus and institute's displacement sensing device respectively, for collecting the drawing
The active force of force checking device detection and the displacement of institute's displacement sensing device detection, with according to the effect
Length before power, the displacement, the area of section in the sample to be tested stage casing, sample to be tested stretching and described treat
Length after test specimens stretching obtains the tension test parameter of the sample to be tested.
7. tensile test apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the stretching force detecting apparatus are pull sensing
Device.
8. tensile test apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterised in that institute's displacement sensing device is grating scale.
9. tensile test apparatus according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the two ends of the pulling force sensor pass through ball-type
Hinge is connected with the mobile pull head and the glissile segment.
10. a kind of stretching test method, is applied in tensile test apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein, and it is special
Levy and be, including：
Step S1：The sample to be tested of mouldable state is positioned in the cell body in die assembly, so that mouldable state is described to be tested
Sample is cured as the sample to be tested of the solid-state matched with the cell body shape；
Step S2：Along the draw direction of the sample to be tested to glissile segment described in the side shifting away from the canned paragraph, until
Sample to be tested fracture, and according to Power Component drive the movement of the active force, the glissile segment that the glissile segment moves away from
From, the area of section in the sample to be tested stage casing, the sample to be tested stretching before length and the sample to be tested stretching after
Length obtain the tension test parameter of the sample to be tested.
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| CN201710157375.2A CN106896026A (en) | 2017-03-16 | 2017-03-16 | Tensile test apparatus and method |
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| CN107389451A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-24 | 广州大学 | A kind of bitumastic tension test platform for eliminating eccentric bending moment and its test method |
| CN109596417A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-09 | 东南大学 | Viscoelastic material tension test test fixture and test method under a kind of micro-scale |
| CN110146222A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-20 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of electronic pure stress loading device |
| CN110567818A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-12-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Material strength strain test system and test method |
| CN111855411A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Direct pulling/drawing tester and testing method for geosynthetics |
| CN113588423A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-02 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Soil body stretching and compressing coupling test device and soil body stretching and compressing coupling test method |
| CN114112677A (en) * | 2021-12-04 | 2022-03-01 | 上海百若试验仪器有限公司 | Tool for multi-sample continuous tensile test and using method thereof |
| CN114441310A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-06 | 深圳市建研检测有限公司 | Intensity detection method |
| CN114624119A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-06-14 | 常州市国祥起重机械有限公司 | Steel wire rope strength detection device for crane |
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| CN114624119A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-06-14 | 常州市国祥起重机械有限公司 | Steel wire rope strength detection device for crane |
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Application publication date: 20170627 |