CN106895926B - High-precision automatic measurement equipment and method for ground temperature gradient - Google Patents
High-precision automatic measurement equipment and method for ground temperature gradient Download PDFInfo
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- CN106895926B CN106895926B CN201710136263.9A CN201710136263A CN106895926B CN 106895926 B CN106895926 B CN 106895926B CN 201710136263 A CN201710136263 A CN 201710136263A CN 106895926 B CN106895926 B CN 106895926B
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-precision automatic ground temperature gradient measuring equipment and a method, wherein the ground temperature gradient measuring equipment comprises a pressure temperature sensor, a measuring steel wire, a measuring rope control device, a motor and a motor fixing device; the motor fixing device comprises a motor fixing device rotating nut and a motor fixing device bracket; the pressure sensor is connected with the rope measuring control device through a measuring steel wire; one end of the measuring steel wire is connected with the pressure sensor, and the other end is wound on the rotatable cross rod; the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with the rotatable cross rod through the rope measuring control device and the rotating nut; the automation control device comprises an automation control device power supply for providing power to the motor and an automatic timing device for timing. The invention can rapidly obtain the drilling temperature-depth curve information; measurement time and measurement data depth interval control can be achieved by changing the length of the telescopic insulation sleeve covering the annular steel wire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to automatic measurement of a ground temperature gradient, in particular to high-precision automatic measurement equipment and a high-precision automatic measurement method of the ground temperature gradient.
Background
The earth temperature gradient refers to the change rate of the stratum with the increase of depth, and is an important parameter for representing the uniformity of temperature distribution in the earth. In the field of hydrogeology, the geothermal gradient not only can be used for researching the geologic structure characteristics of the aquifer, but also can be used for tracing the flowing process of groundwater, and is a physical tracing parameter with low cost, no pollution and easy operation.
The geothermal gradient is related to geothermal background, carrier lithology, carrier thermodynamic properties and groundwater movement, so it is difficult to realize high-precision automatic measurement of the geothermal gradient. The conventional measurement of the earth temperature gradient in hydrogeological drilling is generally realized by a temperature sensor made of metal materials such as manganese copper or copper, the temperature sensor is placed at a specific depth, and the measurement of the drilling temperature is realized by establishing a functional relation between the sensor resistance and the temperature under a constant voltage. The ground temperature measurement work of this kind of mode has the shortcoming such as temperature measurement needs long time, data resolution is low and measuring error is great, can not fine satisfying scientific research work's demand. In view of the above problems, the invention provides a high-precision automatic measurement device and an operation method for the ground temperature gradient based on Compact CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) measurement technology, which not only can realize high-precision measurement (accurate to 0.001 ℃) of the ground temperature gradient, but also can automatically record data, and provides a corresponding data arrangement method for quickly obtaining drilling temperature-depth curve information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing ground temperature measurement by using high-precision ground temperature gradient automatic measurement.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the high-precision automatic measurement equipment for the ground temperature gradient comprises the ground temperature gradient measurement equipment and an automatic control device;
the ground temperature gradient measuring equipment comprises a pressure temperature sensor, a measuring steel wire, a rope measuring control device, a motor and a motor fixing device; the rope measuring control device comprises a rope measuring control device bracket, a rotatable cross rod and a rope measuring control device fixed rotating nut;
the motor fixing device comprises a motor fixing device rotating nut and a motor fixing device bracket; the pressure and temperature sensor is connected with the rope measuring control device through a measuring steel wire; one end of the measuring steel wire is connected with the pressure and temperature sensor, and the other end of the measuring steel wire is wound on the rotatable cross rod;
the motor is fixed on the motor fixing device bracket through a motor fixing device rotating nut; the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with the rotatable cross rod through the rope measuring control device;
the automatic control device comprises an automatic control device power supply for providing power for the motor and an automatic timing device for timing.
Further, the automatic control device also comprises a power line, and one end of the power supply of the automatic control device is connected with the motor through the power line;
the automatic timing device comprises a metal second hand, a timing dial and an automatic timing device bracket for supporting the timing dial;
the timing dial plate is provided with an annular track, the annular track is provided with an annular steel wire limited in the annular track and sliding, and one end of the annular steel wire is fixed and connected with the other end of the power supply of the automatic control device through a wire.
The fixed end of the metal second hand is connected with the power supply of the automatic control device through a wire, and the metal second hand is also connected with the second control power supply; the movable end of the metal second hand is movably connected with the annular steel wire through a slidable metal buckle.
Further, the outside of the annular steel wire is wrapped with a telescopic insulating sleeve.
Further, the outside of the pressure temperature sensor is wrapped with a waterproof metal sleeve.
The measuring method of the high-precision automatic geothermal gradient measuring equipment comprises the following steps:
step one, placing a ground temperature gradient measuring device and an automatic control device on an open and flat ground near a measuring well;
step two, connecting a pressure temperature sensor with a computer, setting the measurement starting time to be 5 minutes, and connecting the pressure temperature sensor with a measurement steel wire after sealing the pressure temperature sensor through a waterproof metal sleeve;
step three, placing the pressure temperature sensor into a wellhead of a well to be measured, stably lowering the measuring steel wire until the pressure temperature sensor reaches the water surface, connecting a motor with a rotatable cross rod by using a rope measuring control device to fix a rotating nut, and fixing the rotating nut on a motor fixing device bracket through a motor fixing device;
step four, disconnecting the power supply of the automatic control device, placing the metal second hand and the slidable metal button at a horizontal left position, and expanding the telescopic insulating sleeve to cover 75% of the annular steel wire to be communicated with the power supply of the automatic control device;
and fifthly, when the pressure and temperature sensor starts to work, the second control power supply is turned on, and the metal second hand drives the slidable metal button to slide along the annular steel wire. When the slidable metal button is positioned at the part of the annular steel wire which is not covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve, the motor starts to work, the rotatable cross rod rotates anticlockwise, and the measuring steel wire descends at a constant speed; when the slidable metal button is positioned at the position where the annular steel wire is covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve, the motor stops working, the rotatable cross rod stops rotating, the measuring steel wire is stationary, and the pressure temperature sensor automatically measures the ground temperature at the depth;
step six, when the pressure temperature sensor reaches the bottom of the well, turning off a second control power supply, screwing off a fixed rotating nut of the rope measuring control device, moving the motor to the other side of the rope measuring control device, and connecting the motor with the other side of the rotatable cross rod by using the fixed rotating nut of the rope measuring control device;
step seven, turning on a second control power supply, and enabling a metal second hand to drive a slidable metal button to slide along an annular steel wire, wherein when the slidable metal button is positioned at a position where the annular steel wire is not covered by a telescopic insulating sleeve, a motor starts to work, a rotatable cross rod rotates clockwise, and a measuring steel wire pulls up at a constant speed; when the slidable metal button is positioned at the position where the annular steel wire is covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve, the motor stops working, the rotatable cross rod stops rotating, the measuring steel wire is stationary, and the pressure temperature sensor automatically measures the ground temperature of the depth. When the pressure temperature sensor leaves the water surface, turning off the second control power supply, turning off the power supply of the automatic control device, and completing the measurement work;
step eight, deriving measurement data in the pressure temperature sensor through a data line, and obtaining temperature gradient data after finishing;
the high-precision ground temperature gradient automatic ground temperature measurement method further comprises a ground temperature data correction program, and different depth temperature values T are calculated through a formula (1):
T i＝ (T up +T down )/2 (1)
wherein T is i For the temperature value at depth i meters, T up And T down The temperature values measured when the steel wire rope is lowered and pulled up are respectively.
The measuring method further comprises a method of adjusting the measuring time and the measuring data depth interval: when the telescopic insulating sleeve covers the annular steel wire by n%, calculating single ground temperature data measurement time t and measurement data depth interval L according to formulas (2) and (3) respectively:
t＝0.6*n (2)
L＝(100-n)*0.04 (3)
where t and L are in seconds and meters, respectively.
According to the invention, the high-precision ground temperature gradient automatic measurement equipment is utilized to realize measurement of the well temperature of a drilling or observation well, and the drilling temperature-depth curve information is rapidly obtained; the application range is wide, and the compactCTD pressure and temperature sensor can be used for measuring the temperature of a drilling hole or an observation well with the depth of more than 1000 m; the instrument is portable, and the operation degree of automation is high, and the facilitate promotion, single ground temperature data measurement time and measurement data degree of depth interval control can be realized through changing the length that scalable insulating sheath covered annular steel wire.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-precision automatic measurement device for ground temperature gradient.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the rope measuring control device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the structure of the automatic timer of the present invention.
In the figure: the ground temperature gradient measuring equipment A; an automation control device B; a pressure temperature sensor A1; measuring a steel wire A2; a rope measuring control device bracket A3.1, a rotatable cross rod A3.2 and a rope measuring control device fixed nut A3.3; a motor A4; a motor fixing device rotating nut A5.1 and a motor fixing device bracket A5.2; an automatic control device power supply B1; a power supply line B2; the automatic timing device comprises a metal second hand B3.1, a second control power supply B3.2, a slidable metal button B3.3, an annular steel wire B3.4, a telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5 and an automatic timing device bracket B3.6.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention, but merely as exemplifications of the advantages of the invention, which are more clearly understood.
As shown in the drawing, the high-precision automatic measurement equipment for the geothermal gradient comprises a geothermal gradient measurement equipment A and an automatic control device B;
the ground temperature gradient measuring equipment A comprises a pressure temperature sensor A1, a measuring steel wire A2, a rope measuring control device A3, a motor A4 and a motor fixing device A5; the rope measuring control device A3 comprises a rope measuring control device bracket A3.1, a rotatable cross rod A3.2 and a rope measuring control device fixed rotating nut A3.3; the motor fixing device A5 comprises a motor fixing device rotating nut A5.1 and a motor fixing device bracket A5.2; the pressure temperature sensor A1 is connected with the rope measuring control device A3 through a measuring steel wire A2; the motor A4 is connected with the rotatable cross rod A3.2 through a rope measuring control device and a fixed rotating nut A3.3; the motor A4 is fixed to the motor fixture bracket a5.2 by a motor fixture screw a 5.1.
The automatic control device B comprises an automatic control device power supply B1, a power line B2 and an automatic timing device B3; the automatic timing device B3 comprises a metal second hand B3.1, a second control power supply B3.2, a slidable metal button B3.3, an annular steel wire B3.4, a telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5 and an automatic timing device bracket B3.6; the power supply B1 is connected with the automatic timing device B3 through a power line B2; the metal second hand B3.1 is connected with the annular steel wire B3.4 through a slidable metal button B3.3; the telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5 is sleeved outside the annular steel wire B3.4.
The outside of the pressure temperature sensor A1 is wrapped with a waterproof metal sleeve, the inside of the sensor A1 is provided with a jack, and the sensor A1 is connected with a computer through a data line to perform the functions of measuring parameter setting and data reading.
The motor A4 is a direct current motor, the rated voltage is 24V, the rated rotating speed is 20 revolutions per minute, and the motor A4 controls the measuring steel wire A2 to automatically drop by driving the rotatable cross rod A3.2 to rotate anticlockwise.
The rotatable cross bar A3.2 is a wooden cross bar with a perimeter of 20cm.
The rated voltage of the power supply B1 of the automatic control device is 24V.
The automatic control device B is mainly realized by the operation of an automatic timing device B3, and when a metal second hand B3.1 is connected with an annular steel wire B3.4 through a slidable metal button B3.3, the motor A4 starts to work; when the metal seconds hand B3.1 is connected to the telescopic insulating sheath B3.5 by the slidable metal button B3.3, the motor A4 stops working.
The telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5 is made of rubber material and is sleeved outside the annular steel wire B3.4, and at most 75% of the annular steel wire B3.4 can be sleeved.
The invention also provides a high-precision automatic geothermal gradient measurement method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a ground temperature gradient measuring device A and an automatic control device B on an open and flat ground near a measuring well, connecting related components according to a measuring operation scheme of the ground temperature gradient measuring device and the automatic control device, setting parameters and testing, and ensuring that each component runs smoothly;
step two, connecting the pressure and temperature sensor A1 with a computer, setting the measurement starting time to be 5 minutes, sealing the pressure and temperature sensor A1 with a waterproof metal sleeve, and connecting the pressure and temperature sensor A1 with a measurement steel wire A2;
step three, determining the position to be measured, holding a pressure temperature sensor A1, placing the pressure temperature sensor A1 into a wellhead, lightly placing a measuring steel wire A2 until the pressure temperature sensor A1 reaches the water surface, connecting a motor A4 with a rotatable cross rod A3.2 by using a rope measuring control device to fix a rotating nut A3.3, and fixing the motor A4 on a motor fixing device bracket A5.2 through a motor fixing device rotating nut A5.1;
step four, disconnecting the power supply B1 of the automatic control device, placing the metal second hand B3.1 and the slidable metal button B3.3 at a horizontal left position, and expanding the telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5 to cover 75% of the annular steel wire B3.4 to be communicated with the power supply B1 of the automatic control device;
fifthly, when the pressure temperature sensor A1 starts working, the second control power supply B3.2 is turned on, and the metal second hand B3.1 drives the slidable metal button B3.3 to slide along the annular steel wire B3.4. When the slidable metal button B3.3 is positioned at the part of the annular steel wire B3.4 which is not covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5, the motor A4 starts to work, the rotatable cross rod A3.2 rotates anticlockwise, and the measuring steel wire A2 descends at a constant speed; when the slidable metal button B3.3 is positioned at the part of the annular steel wire B3.4 covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5, the motor A4 stops working, the rotatable cross rod A3.2 stops rotating, the measuring steel wire A2 is stationary, and the pressure temperature sensor A1 automatically measures the ground temperature at the depth.
Step six, when the pressure temperature sensor A1 reaches the bottom of the well, the second control power supply B3.2 is turned off, the fixed spinning nut A3.3 of the rope measuring control device is screwed off, the motor A4 is moved to the other side of the rope measuring control device A3, and the motor A4 is connected with the other side of the rotatable cross rod A3.2 by using the rope measuring control device to fix the spinning nut A3.3;
step seven, a second control power supply B3.2 is turned on, a metal second hand B3.1 drives a slidable metal button B3.3 to slide along an annular steel wire B3.4, when the slidable metal button B3.3 is positioned at a position where the annular steel wire B3.4 is not covered by a telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5, a motor A4 starts to work, a rotatable cross rod A3.2 rotates clockwise, and a measuring steel wire A2 pulls up at a constant speed; when the slidable metal button B3.3 is positioned at the part of the annular steel wire B3.4 covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve B3.5, the motor A4 stops working, the rotatable cross rod A3.2 stops rotating, the measuring steel wire A2 is stationary, and the pressure temperature sensor A1 automatically measures the ground temperature at the depth. When the pressure and temperature sensor A1 leaves the water surface, the second control power supply B3.2 is turned off, the power supply B1 of the automatic control device is turned off, and the measurement work is completed;
and step eight, deriving the measurement data in the pressure temperature sensor A1 through a data line, and obtaining temperature gradient data after finishing.
The high-precision automatic geothermal gradient measurement method further comprises a geothermal data correction program, and different depth temperature values T are calculated through a formula (1):
T i＝ (T up +T down )/2 (1)
wherein T is i For the temperature value at depth i meters, T up And T down The temperature values measured when the steel wire rope is lowered and pulled up are respectively.
The high-precision ground temperature gradient automatic ground temperature measurement method further comprises a single ground temperature data measurement time and measurement data depth interval control method, wherein the single ground temperature data measurement time and measurement data depth interval is controlled by adjusting the length of the telescopic insulating sleeve covering the annular steel wire, and when the telescopic insulating sleeve covers n% of the annular steel wire, the single ground temperature data measurement time t and measurement data depth interval L are calculated through formulas (2) and (3) respectively:
t＝0.6*n (2)
L＝(100-n)*0.04 (3)
where t and L are in seconds and meters, respectively.
Claims (3)
1. A measuring method using high-precision ground temperature gradient automatic measuring equipment is characterized in that: the high-precision ground temperature gradient automatic measurement equipment comprises ground temperature gradient measurement equipment (A) and an automatic control device (B);
the ground temperature gradient measuring equipment (A) comprises a pressure temperature sensor (A1), a measuring steel wire (A2), a rope measuring control device (A3), a motor (A4) and a motor fixing device (A5); the rope measuring control device (A3) comprises a rope measuring control device bracket (A3.1), a rotatable cross rod (A3.2) and a rope measuring control device fixed nut (A3.3);
the motor fixing device (A5) comprises a motor fixing device rotating nut (A5.1) and a motor fixing device bracket (A5.2); the pressure and temperature sensor (A1) is connected with the rope measuring control device (A3) through a measuring steel wire (A2); one end of the measuring steel wire (A2) is connected with the pressure and temperature sensor (A1), and the other end of the measuring steel wire (A2) is wound on the rotatable cross rod (A3.2);
the motor (A4) is fixed on the motor fixing device bracket (A5.2) through a motor fixing device screw nut (A5.1); the output end of the motor (A4) is fixedly connected with the rotatable cross rod (A3.2) through a rope measuring control device and a rotating nut (A3.3);
the automation control device (B) comprises an automation control device power supply (B1) for supplying power to the motor (A4) and an automatic timing device (B3) for timing;
the automatic control device (B) further comprises a power line (B2), and one end of a power supply (B1) of the automatic control device is connected with the motor (A4) through the power line (B2);
the automatic timing device (B3) comprises a metal second hand (B3.1), a timing dial and an automatic timing device bracket (B3.6) for supporting the timing dial;
the timing dial is provided with an annular track, the annular track is provided with an annular steel wire (B3.4) limited in the annular track to slide, and one end of the annular steel wire (B3.4) is fixed and connected with the other end of the power supply (B1) of the automatic control device through a wire;
the fixed end of the metal second hand (B3.1) is connected with the power supply (B1) of the automatic control device through a wire, and the metal second hand (B3.1) is also connected with the second control power supply (B3.2); the movable end of the metal second hand (B3.1) is movably connected with the annular steel wire (B3.4) through a slidable metal buckle (B3.3);
the method comprises the following steps:
placing the ground temperature gradient measuring equipment (A) and the automatic control device (B) on the open and flat ground near a measuring well;
step two, connecting a pressure temperature sensor (A1) with a computer, setting the measurement starting time to be 5 minutes, and connecting the pressure temperature sensor (A1) with a measurement steel wire (A2) after sealing through a waterproof metal sleeve;
step three, placing the pressure temperature sensor (A1) into a wellhead to be tested, stably lowering the measuring steel wire (A2) until the pressure temperature sensor (A1) reaches the water surface, fixing a rotating nut (A3.3) by using a rope testing control device, connecting a motor (A4) with a rotatable cross rod (A3.2), and fixing the rotating nut (A5.1) on a motor fixing device bracket (A5.2) through a motor fixing device;
step four, disconnecting the power supply (B1) of the automatic control device, placing the metal second hand (B3.1) and the slidable metal button (B3.3) at a horizontal left position, expanding the telescopic insulating sleeve (B3.5) to 75% of the covered annular steel wire (B3.4), and communicating with the power supply (B1) of the automatic control device;
step five, when the pressure temperature sensor (A1) starts to work, a second control power supply (B3.2) is turned on, and a metal second hand (B3.1) drives a slidable metal button (B3.3) to slide along an annular steel wire (B3.4); when the slidable metal button (B3.3) is positioned at a part of the annular steel wire (B3.4) which is not covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve (B3.5), the motor (A4) starts to work, the rotatable cross rod (A3.2) rotates anticlockwise, and the measuring steel wire (A2) descends at a constant speed; when the slidable metal button (B3.3) is positioned at the part of the annular steel wire (B3.4) covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve (B3.5), the motor (A4) stops working, the rotatable cross rod (A3.2) stops rotating, the measuring steel wire (A2) is static, and the pressure temperature sensor (A1) automatically measures the ground temperature at the depth;
step six, when the pressure temperature sensor (A1) reaches the bottom of the well, a second control power supply (B3.2) is turned off, a fixed rotating nut (A3.3) of the rope measuring control device is screwed off, a motor (A4) is moved to the other side of the rope measuring control device (A3), and the motor (A4) is connected with the other side of the rotatable cross rod (A3.2) by using the rope measuring control device to fix the rotating nut (A3.3);
step seven, a second control power supply (B3.2) is turned on, a metal second hand (B3.1) drives a slidable metal button (B3.3) to slide along an annular steel wire (B3.4), when the slidable metal button (B3.3) is positioned at a part of the annular steel wire (B3.4) which is not covered by a telescopic insulating sleeve (B3.5), a motor (A4) starts to work, a rotatable cross rod (A3.2) rotates clockwise, and a measuring steel wire (A2) pulls up at a constant speed; when the slidable metal button (B3.3) is positioned at the part of the annular steel wire (B3.4) covered by the telescopic insulating sleeve (B3.5), the motor (A4) stops working, the rotatable cross rod (A3.2) stops rotating, the measuring steel wire (A2) is static, and the pressure temperature sensor (A1) automatically measures the ground temperature at the depth; when the pressure and temperature sensor (A1) leaves the water surface, the second control power supply (B3.2) is turned off, the power supply (B1) of the automatic control device is turned off, and the measurement work is completed;
and step eight, deriving the measurement data in the pressure temperature sensor (A1) through a data line, and obtaining temperature gradient data after finishing.
2. The measurement method using the high-precision ground temperature gradient automatic measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the eighth step further includes a ground temperature data correction program:
T i＝ (T up +T down )/2 (1)
calculating different depth temperature values T through a formula (1); wherein T is i For the temperature value at depth i meters, T up And T down The temperature values measured when the steel wire rope is lowered and pulled up are respectively.
3. The measurement method using the high-precision ground temperature gradient automatic measurement apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the method also comprises the steps of adjusting the measurement time and the measurement data depth interval: when the telescopic insulating sleeve covers the annular steel wire by n%, calculating single ground temperature data measurement time t and measurement data depth interval L according to the following formulas (2) and (3):
t＝0.6*n (2)
L＝(100-n)*0.04 (3)
where t and L are in seconds and meters, respectively.
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