CN106893882A - A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy Download PDF

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CN106893882A
CN106893882A CN201510958508.7A CN201510958508A CN106893882A CN 106893882 A CN106893882 A CN 106893882A CN 201510958508 A CN201510958508 A CN 201510958508A CN 106893882 A CN106893882 A CN 106893882A
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copper
gadolinium
intermediate alloy
preparation
raw material
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CN106893882B (en
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解浩峰
彭丽军
黄国杰
米绪军
李艳锋
尹向前
冯雪
杨振
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GRIMN Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Beijing General Research Institute for Non Ferrous Metals
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, belong to Cu alloy material melting and casting technical field.The present invention takes vacuum melting mode, according to the quality of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy than sorting, dispensing, shove charge;Vacuumize, heat up, applying argon gas are stirred after metal is completely melt, insulation refining, degasification;At the uniform velocity cast, prepare the copper gadolinium intermediate alloy that gadolinium concentrations are 3%~9% (mass percent).The present invention improves smelting efficiency using special loading method, by control the temperature adjustment in each stage in smelting technology to melt, react and refining process in melt quality, water cooled mo(u)ld is used to cast to reduce segregation, the copper gadolinium intermediate alloy ingot casting composition prepared through the method is uniform and deviation is small, impurity content is low, fusing point is low, internal no significant defect, is very suitable for the preparation for the modified copper alloy of gadolinium.

Description

A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, belong to Cu alloy material melting and casting technology neck Domain.
Background technology
Rare earth element is main in copper to be played purification, removes the removal of impurity and crystal grain thinning, strong material is significantly improved It is smaller to Conductivity while degree and heat resistance, moreover it is possible to significantly improve the casting character of alloy.Using China Rare earth special advantage, rare earth modified copper and copper alloy of the research and development with Good All-around Property is efficient for developing rare earth Have great importance using with high-end applications, support and development China Copper fabrication industry.
Research, it is known that adding minimal amount of rare earth element can just significantly change some of copper or copper alloy characteristic, This addition is generally no greater than 1wt.%, by taking a kind of track traffic contact line signal bronze as an example, only needs addition The cerium-rich mischmetal of 0.01~0.04wt.%.Therefore, generally using copper-rare earth intermediate alloy mode to copper or copper alloy Middle addition rare earth element.Research on copper-light rare earth binary intermediate alloy or multicomponent alloy refining agent is a lot, Its preparation technology and technology tend to ripe, and relatively fewer for research in terms of copper and heavy rare earth element alloying.
Gadolinium is that one kind has magnetic yttrium group heavy rare earth element at room temperature, using its physical property and oxide characteristics The functional characteristic of copper product can also be extended while copper and copper alloy matrix degree of purity is improved, is ground with very high Study carefully and application value.To improve the service efficiency of gadolinium element, also need to be added using intermediate alloy mode.But gadolinium element Chemism is high, when being heated easily with medium reaction, the high melt such as water and air when scaling loss it is serious, preparing raw material It is sufficiently complex to lose the uniform copper of small, composition-gadolinium binary intermediate alloy.It is current to be closed on copper-gadolinium binary centre The research of gold is extremely limited, is still needed in terms of intermediate alloy melting with foundry engieering further perfect.
The content of the invention
Main mesh of the invention is to propose a kind of preparation method suitable for copper gadolinium intermediate alloy.Prepared through the method Copper gadolinium intermediate alloy composition it is uniform, impurity content is low, fusing point is low, the highly beneficial follow-up element modified copper alloy of gadolinium Preparation.
Preparation method suitable for copper gadolinium intermediate alloy proposed by the present invention takes vacuum melting mode, including following step Suddenly:
(1) according to the quality of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy than sorting, dispensing, shove charge;
(2) vacuumize, heat up, applying argon gas are stirred after metal is completely melt, insulation refining, degasification;
(3) at the uniform velocity cast.
In step (1), the mass percent of gadolinium element is 3%~9%, balance of copper in copper gadolinium intermediate alloy;With gold Category copper, gadolinium are raw material, and copper raw material selects A grades of catholyte copper, and its purity is not less than 99.9965% (quality hundred Divide ratio), gadolinium raw material is not less than 99.0% (mass percent) gadolinium element from purity.
In step (1), copper raw material is weighed by design weight during dispensing;Should be in the base of design weight when gadolinium raw material is weighed It is 103~106% (mass percents) of design weight to increase by 3~6% (mass percents), i.e. gadolinium raw material on plinth.
In step (1), melting is carried out using graphite crucible;Charging method is:2-5 layers is laid in graphite crucible bottom The electrolytic copper plate (size of electrolytic copper plate fritter is 140mm × below 80mm) of fritter is cut into, by gadolinium raw material It is broken into particle of the average grain diameter less than 15mm to be uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 1~2 layer thereon Electrolytic copper plate, so repeatedly until raw material whole filling is finished.
In step (2), be evacuated to pressure less than 0.1Pa when start with mid power heat up (heating rate is 18~22 DEG C/min), when starting to melt and splashed with trace meter liquid to cathode copper, applying argon gas to 20~30Pa increase work( Rate heats up (heating rate is 28~32 DEG C/min) to 1220~1250 DEG C, is persistently stirred after after raw material all fusing To reacting complete, it is cooled to 1150~1170 DEG C of insulations and refines for 8~12 minutes within 2~3 minutes, degasification to pressure is less than 0.8Pa。
In step (3), cast temperature is 1210~1230 DEG C.
In step (3), casting die is the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
The present invention improves smelting efficiency using special loading method, is adjusted by controlling the temperature in each stage in smelting technology Melt quality in section fusing, reaction and refining process, uses water cooled mo(u)ld to cast to reduce segregation.The method it is excellent Point is effectively to reduce the scaling loss of gadolinium, and the intermediate alloy ingot chemistry of preparation is uniform, internal no significant defect (metallographic structure is as shown in Figure 1), its composition is small with design composition tolerances, is very suitable for for the modified copper alloy of gadolinium Preparation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Cu-5wt.%Gd intermediate alloys as-cast metallographic structure.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is further described below by way of instantiation, but is not meant to the present invention The limitation of protection domain.
The preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy of the invention, takes vacuum melting mode, comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting, dispensing, shove charge:Choose A grade negative electrode of the purity not less than 99.9965% (mass percent) Cathode copper and purity are not less than the gadolinium of 99.0% (mass percent) as raw material, by (the matter of gadolinium element accounting 3%~9% Amount percentage), balance of copper prepare and intermediate alloy and weigh gadolinium and cathode copper, wherein should set when weighing gadolinium raw material Increase by 3~6% (mass percents) on the basis of weight calculation amount.First 2-5 layers is laid during charging in graphite crucible bottom to cut The electrolytic copper plate of fritter is cut into, gadolinium raw material of the average grain diameter less than 15mm will be broken into and be uniformly laid on electrolysis layers of copper Above, then thereon 1~2 layer of electrolytic copper plate is covered, so repeatedly until raw material whole filling is finished.
(2) be evacuated to pressure less than 0.1Pa when start with mid power heat up (heating rate is 18~22 DEG C / min), when starting to melt and splashed with trace meter liquid to cathode copper, applying argon gas to 20~30Pa increase power (heating rate is 28~32 DEG C/min) is heated up to 1220~1250 DEG C, 2~3 are persistently stirred after raw material all melts Minute, to reacting complete, is cooled to 1150~1170 DEG C of insulations refining in 8~12 minutes, and degasification to pressure is less than 0.8Pa.
(3) lifting temperature is to 1210~1230 DEG C, during reactant at the uniform velocity to pour into the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, takes vacuum melting mode, comprises the following steps:
(1) design intermediate alloy mass ratio is Cu:Gd=97:3.Choose purity and be more than 99.9965wt.% electrolytic copper plates 97kg, is cut into the fritter of about (120mm ± 20mm) × (70mm ± 10mm);Choose gadolinium of the purity more than 99.0wt.% 3.15kg, is broken into the fritter of average grain diameter 12mm as raw material.5 layers are laid in 200kg graphite crucibles bottom Electrolytic copper plate, gadolinium particle is uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 2 layers of electrolytic copper plate thereon, repeatedly Laying is until raw material whole filling is finished.
(2) it is evacuated to pressure 8.0 × 10-2Start to be heated up with mid power during Pa, fusing and companion are started to cathode copper When having trace meter liquid to splash, applying argon gas to 30Pa increase power and are warming up to 1250 DEG C, treat that raw material all melts 3 minutes persistently being stirred afterwards to reacting complete, 1170 DEG C of insulations being cooled to and is refined for 12 minutes, degasification to pressure is 0.6Pa.
(3) lifting temperature is to 1230 DEG C, during reactant at the uniform velocity to pour into the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
According to copper gadolinium intermediate alloy prepared by said ratio and technique, its chemical composition is Cu:96.9wt.%, Gd: 3.1wt.%, and chemical composition is uniform, internal no significant defect, impurity content is low, fusing point is low.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, takes vacuum melting mode, comprises the following steps:
(1) design intermediate alloy mass ratio is Cu:Gd=96:4.Choose purity and be more than 99.9965wt.% electrolytic copper plates 96kg, is cut into the fritter of about (120mm ± 20mm) × (70mm ± 10mm);Choose gadolinium of the purity more than 99.0wt.% 4.24kg, is broken into the fritter of average grain diameter 12mm as raw material.5 layers are laid in 200kg graphite crucibles bottom Electrolytic copper plate, gadolinium particle is uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 2 layers of electrolytic copper plate thereon, repeatedly Laying is until raw material whole filling is finished.
(2) it is evacuated to pressure 9.0 × 10-2Start to be heated up with mid power during Pa, fusing and companion are started to cathode copper When having trace meter liquid to splash, applying argon gas to 30Pa increase power and are warming up to 1250 DEG C, treat that raw material all melts 3 minutes persistently being stirred afterwards to reacting complete, 1170 DEG C of insulations being cooled to and is refined for 12 minutes, degasification to pressure is 0.6Pa.
(3) lifting temperature is to 1230 DEG C, during reactant at the uniform velocity to pour into the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
According to copper gadolinium intermediate alloy prepared by said ratio and technique, its chemical composition is Cu:95.9wt.%, Gd: 4.1wt.%, and chemical composition is uniform, internal no significant defect, impurity content is low, fusing point is low.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, takes vacuum melting mode, comprises the following steps:
(1) design intermediate alloy mass ratio is Cu:Gd=95:5.Choose purity and be more than 99.9965wt.% electrolytic copper plates 47.5kg, is cut into the fritter of about (100mm ± 20mm) × (50mm ± 10mm);Choose purity and be more than 99.0wt.%'s Gadolinium 2.625kg, is broken into the fritter of average grain diameter 10mm as raw material.4 are laid in 100kg graphite crucibles bottom Layer electrolytic copper plate, gadolinium particle is uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 2 layers of electrolytic copper plate thereon, instead Multiple laying is until raw material whole filling is finished.
(2) it is evacuated to pressure 8.0 × 10-2Start to be heated up with mid power during Pa, fusing and companion are started to cathode copper When having trace meter liquid to splash, applying argon gas to 25Pa increase power and are warming up to 1240 DEG C, treat that raw material all melts 3 minutes persistently being stirred afterwards to reacting complete, 1160 DEG C of insulations being cooled to and is refined for 11 minutes, degasification to pressure is 0.5Pa.
(3) lifting temperature is to 1220 DEG C, during reactant at the uniform velocity to pour into the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
According to copper gadolinium intermediate alloy prepared by said ratio and technique, its chemical composition is Cu:95.0wt.%, Gd: 5.0wt.%, impurity content is low, fusing point is low.As shown in figure 1, being Cu-5wt.%Gd intermediate alloy as cast condition metallographic groups Knit, by figure it can be seen that, chemical constituents analysis are uniform in alloy, internal no significant defect.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, takes vacuum melting mode, comprises the following steps:
(1) design intermediate alloy mass ratio is Cu:Gd=94:6.Choose purity and be more than 99.9965wt.% electrolytic copper plates 47kg, is cut into the fritter of about (100mm ± 20mm) × (50mm ± 10mm);Choose gadolinium of the purity more than 99.0wt.% 3.12kg, is broken into the fritter of average grain diameter 10mm as raw material.4 layers are laid in 100kg graphite crucibles bottom Electrolytic copper plate, gadolinium particle is uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 2 layers of electrolytic copper plate thereon, repeatedly Laying is until raw material whole filling is finished.
(2) it is evacuated to pressure 8.5 × 10-2Start to be heated up with mid power during Pa, fusing and companion are started to cathode copper When having trace meter liquid to splash, applying argon gas to 25Pa increase power and are warming up to 1240 DEG C, treat that raw material all melts 3 minutes persistently being stirred afterwards to reacting complete, 1160 DEG C of insulations being cooled to and is refined for 11 minutes, degasification to pressure is 0.5Pa.
(3) lifting temperature is to 1220 DEG C, during reactant at the uniform velocity to pour into the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
According to copper gadolinium intermediate alloy prepared by said ratio and technique, its chemical composition is Cu:94.0wt.%, Gd: 6.0wt.%, and chemical composition is uniform, internal no significant defect, impurity content is low, fusing point is low.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, takes vacuum melting mode, comprises the following steps:
(1) design intermediate alloy mass ratio is Cu:Gd=93:7.Choose purity and be more than 99.9965wt.% electrolytic copper plates 37.2kg, is cut into the fritter of about (80mm ± 20mm) × (30mm ± 10mm);Choose gadolinium of the purity more than 99.0wt.% 2.912kg, is broken into the fritter of average grain diameter 8mm as raw material.3 layers of electricity are laid in 70kg graphite crucibles bottom Solution copper coin, gadolinium particle is uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 1 layer of electrolytic copper plate thereon, is spread repeatedly If until raw material is all loaded finishing.
(2) it is evacuated to pressure 6.0 × 10-2Start to be heated up with mid power during Pa, fusing and companion are started to cathode copper When having trace meter liquid to splash, applying argon gas to 25Pa increase power and are warming up to 1240 DEG C, treat that raw material all melts 2 minutes persistently being stirred afterwards to reacting complete, 1160 DEG C of insulations being cooled to and is refined for 10 minutes, degasification to pressure is 0.5Pa.
(3) lifting temperature is to 1220 DEG C, during reactant at the uniform velocity to pour into the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
According to copper gadolinium intermediate alloy prepared by said ratio and technique, its chemical composition is Cu:93.1wt.%, Gd: 6.9wt.%, and chemical composition is uniform, internal no significant defect, impurity content is low, fusing point is low.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, takes vacuum melting mode, comprises the following steps:
(1) design intermediate alloy mass ratio is Cu:Gd=92:8.Choose purity and be more than 99.9965wt.% electrolytic copper plates 18.4kg, is cut into the fritter of about (50mm ± 10mm) × (30mm ± 10mm);Choose gadolinium of the purity more than 99.0wt.% 1.648kg, is broken into the fritter of average grain diameter 5mm as raw material.2 layers of electricity are laid in 50kg graphite crucibles bottom Solution copper coin, gadolinium particle is uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 1 layer of electrolytic copper plate thereon, is spread repeatedly If until raw material is all loaded finishing.
(2) it is evacuated to pressure 5.0 × 10-2Start to be heated up with mid power during Pa, fusing and companion are started to cathode copper When having trace meter liquid to splash, applying argon gas to 20Pa increase power and are warming up to 1230 DEG C, treat that raw material all melts 2 minutes persistently being stirred afterwards to reacting complete, 1150 DEG C of insulations being cooled to and is refined for 9 minutes, degasification to pressure is 0.4Pa.
(3) lifting temperature is to 1210 DEG C, during reactant at the uniform velocity to pour into the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
According to copper gadolinium intermediate alloy prepared by said ratio and technique, its chemical composition is Cu:92.1wt.%, Gd: 7.9wt.%, and chemical composition is uniform, internal no significant defect, impurity content is low, fusing point is low.
Embodiment 7:
A kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, takes vacuum melting mode, comprises the following steps:
(1) design intermediate alloy mass ratio is Cu:Gd=91:9.Choose purity and be more than 99.9965wt.% electrolytic copper plates 9.1kg, is cut into the fritter of about (30mm ± 10mm) × (30mm ± 10mm);Choose gadolinium of the purity more than 99.0wt.% 0.927kg, is broken into the fritter of average grain diameter 5mm as raw material.2 layers of electricity are laid in 20kg graphite crucibles bottom Solution copper coin, gadolinium particle is uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 1 layer of electrolytic copper plate thereon, is spread repeatedly If until raw material is all loaded finishing.
(2) it is evacuated to pressure 3.0 × 10-2Start to be heated up with mid power during Pa, fusing and companion are started to cathode copper When having trace meter liquid to splash, applying argon gas to 20Pa increase power and are warming up to 1220 DEG C, treat that raw material all melts 2 minutes persistently being stirred afterwards to reacting complete, 1150 DEG C of insulations being cooled to and is refined for 8 minutes, degasification to pressure is 0.4Pa.
(3) lifting temperature is to 1210 DEG C, during reactant at the uniform velocity to pour into the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
According to copper gadolinium intermediate alloy prepared by said ratio and technique, its chemical composition is Cu:91.2wt.%, Gd: 8.8wt.%, and chemical composition is uniform, internal no significant defect, impurity content is low, fusing point is low.
The present invention takes vacuum melting mode to prepare the copper gadolinium intermediate alloy that gadolinium concentrations are 3%~9% (mass percent), The copper gadolinium intermediate alloy ingot casting composition prepared through the method is uniform and deviation is small, impurity content is low, fusing point is low, inside No significant defect, is very suitable for the preparation for the modified copper alloy of gadolinium.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy, comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the quality of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy than sorting, dispensing, shove charge;
(2) vacuumize, heat up, applying argon gas are stirred after metal is completely melt, insulation refining, degasification;
(3) at the uniform velocity cast.
2. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described copper gadolinium The mass percent of gadolinium element is 3%~9%, balance of copper in intermediate alloy.
3. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:With metallic copper, Gadolinium is raw material, and copper raw material is catholyte copper, and purity is not less than 99.9965w%;Gadolinium raw material is not less than for purity The gadolinium of 99.0w%.
4. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:During dispensing, gadolinium Increase by 3~6w% on the basis of design weight.
5. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The charging of use Mode is:The 2-5 layers of electrolytic copper plate for cutting into fritter is laid in graphite crucible bottom, gadolinium raw material is broken into averagely Particle of the particle diameter less than 15mm is uniformly laid on above electrolysis layers of copper, then covers 1~2 layer of electrolytic copper plate thereon, So repeatedly until raw material whole filling is finished.
6. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:The electrolysis of fritter The size of copper coin is 140mm × below 80mm.
7. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is evacuated to pressure Power starts to be heated up with mid power when being less than 0.1Pa, when starting to melt and splashed with trace meter liquid to cathode copper, Applying argon gas increase power and are warming up to 1220~1250 DEG C to 20~30Pa, and 2~3 are persistently stirred after raw material all melts Minute, to reacting complete, is cooled to 1150~1170 DEG C of insulations refining in 8~12 minutes, and degasification to pressure is less than 0.8Pa.
8. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that:Described is medium The speed that power heats up is 18~22 DEG C/min, and the speed for increasing power intensification is 28~32 DEG C/min.
9. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described casting Temperature is 1210~1230 DEG C.
10. the preparation method of copper gadolinium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described casting Mould is the water cooled copper mould with graphite funnel.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113976896A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-01-28 河南黄河旋风股份有限公司 Method for preparing copper-tin alloy powder by diffusion

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CN103911524A (en) * 2014-03-21 2014-07-09 中国科学院金属研究所 Preparation method of copper rare earth binary intermediate alloy

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012169285A1 (en) * 2011-06-06 2012-12-13 株式会社スリーオー Fine crystallite high-performance metal alloy member and method for manufacturing same
CN103388090A (en) * 2013-07-10 2013-11-13 河南科技大学 High-strength, high-conductivity and high-extensibility rare earth copper alloy and preparation method thereof
CN103773989A (en) * 2014-03-04 2014-05-07 南京信息工程大学 Ferromagnetic-element and gadolinium-modified conductive copper material and preparation method thereof
CN103911524A (en) * 2014-03-21 2014-07-09 中国科学院金属研究所 Preparation method of copper rare earth binary intermediate alloy

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113976896A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-01-28 河南黄河旋风股份有限公司 Method for preparing copper-tin alloy powder by diffusion

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